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1.
Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christian R. Jensen Adriano Battilani Georgios Psarras Franciszek Janowiak Zorica Jovanovic Xuebin Qi Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):403-384
Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:
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- Potatoes
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- After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.
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- Fresh tomatoes
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- From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.
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- Processing tomatoes
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- From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψsoil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψsoil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψsoil, dry side = −270 kPa).
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Climatic variation in the natural distribution of Acacia mearnsii in Australia was analysed. Data from sites where the species has been successfully grown in plantations and trials in Africa, Asia and South America were used to determine the species' climatic adaptability. Annual mean temperatures at these plantations and trial sites ranged from 13.9 to 23.9°C, whilst annual mean precipitation ranged from 693 to 2263 mm. The coldest month minimum temperature at these sites was –0.6°C. This information, along with other details of climatic requirements presented in the paper, will assist in selecting sites for future trials at new locations. 相似文献
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Halogen contents similar to those in meteorites are reported in Apollo 11 samples. Concentrations of 0.6 to 13 parts mercury, 0.2 to 0.8 part uranium, 1 to 17 parts lithium, and 1 to 800 parts osmium per million and 0.5 to 1 percent chromium oxide by weight have been measured. In contrast to meteorites and terrestrial rocks a large mercury release below 110 degrees C is observed. Some implications of these results are presented. Fluorapatite, quartz, tridymite, fayalite, and iron-rich, manganese-poor pyroxmangite, previously unreported, have been identified. The small amount of fluorapatite found does not account for the fluorine contents. 相似文献
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José de la Fuente Katherine M. Kocan Edmour F. Blouin Zorica Zivkovic Victoria Naranjo Consuelo Almazán Eliane Esteves Frans Jongejan Sirlei Daffre Atilio J. Mangold 《Veterinary parasitology》2010,167(2-4):175-186
The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) includes several tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. Tick-borne pathogens cycle between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts and their interaction is mediated by molecular mechanisms at the tick–pathogen interface. These mechanisms have evolved characteristics that involve traits from both the tick vector and the pathogen to insure their mutual survival. Herein, we review the information obtained from functional genomics and genetic studies to characterize the tick–Anaplasma interface and evolution of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum. Anaplasma and tick genes and proteins involved in tick–pathogen interactions were characterized. The results of these studies demonstrated that common and Anaplasma species-specific molecular mechanism occur by which pathogen and tick cell gene expression mediates or limits Anaplasma developmental cycle and trafficking through ticks. These results have advanced our understanding of the biology of tick–Anaplasma interactions and have opened new avenues for the development of improved methods for the control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 相似文献
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Svetlana Antić-Mladenović Jörg Rinklebe Tina Frohne Hans-Joachim Stärk Rainer Wennrich Zorica Tomić Vlado Ličina 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(3):406-415
Purpose
Serpentine soils exist in many regions around the world; they are naturally enriched with nickel (Ni). An adequate understanding of soil processes determining Ni solubility is a special need particularly since less research has been addressed to Ni behavior under dynamic and controlled redox conditions. Our aim was (1) to characterize the properties of a serpentine soil and (2) to determine the impact of predefined redox windows on the mobility and dynamics of Ni in a serpentine soil. 相似文献7.
Zorica Nikolić Ksenija Taški-Ajduković Mladen Tatić Svetlana Balešević-Tubić 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):638-641
The Vojvodina province is the most important agricultural area of the Republic of Serbia and is its largest soybean producer. Serbian low forbids the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) into the environment and demands labeling of food containing more than 0.9% GMO. This aim of this study is to monitor the Roundup Ready (RR) soybean in fields and in food products using PCR and immunoassays. A duplex PCR reaction was performed to analyze the lectin gene and 35S promoter using DNA isolated from soybean leaf and seed sample. Specific detection of RR markers was performed using nested PCR and verified by immunoassay. RR soybeans were found in 68 fields in samples from 2003 and 28 fields in 2004. The presence of the RR soybean was confirmed in 44 seed samples out of 7142 samples examined in 2006 and in 108 out of 7171 samples examined in 2007. The data presented here are the first to demonstrate the presence of RR soybean in the Serbia fields. 相似文献
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小麦F1F2代籽粒醇溶蛋白遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离、表征４个小麦品种醇溶蛋白组成，并分析其Ｆ１，Ｆ２代２０个醇溶蛋白组分（带）的遗传模式。结果表明，醇溶蛋白呈共显性遗传，在２０个组分中，１６个组分由１个显性基因支配，２个组分则受控于２个独立基因，其余２个微小组分，由于在电泳谱上难以准确辨认，其遗传模式未能确定。有５对醇溶蛋白组分是共同遗传，表明每组组分由紧密连锁基因控制。另外，７对醇溶蛋白组分或组分群分别由等位位点的不同等位基因支配。 相似文献
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The magnitudes of the mercury anomaly found in unequilibrated meteorites appear to fit a trend. The excesses in the ratios of mercury-202 to mercury-196 are related by simple multiplication factors. This periodicity may be interpreted in terms of the mode of production and ejection of the anomalous isotope from a stellar source. 相似文献