Effect of monensin withdrawal on rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and microbial populations in cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Arfan Abrar  Takamitsu Tsukahara  Makoto Kondo  Tomomi Ban‐Tokuda  Wang Chao  Hiroki Matsui 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(9):849-854

This study was designed to obtain information on the residual influence of dietary monensin on ruminant fermentation, methanogenesis and bacterial population. Three ruminally cannulated crossbreed heifers (14 months old, 363 ± 11 kg) were fed Italian ryegrass straw and concentrate supplemented with monensin for 21 days before sampling. Rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, monensin concentration, methanogens and rumen bacterial density. Post‐feeding rumen fluid was also collected to determine in vitro gas production. Monensin was eliminated from the rumen fluid within 3 days. The composition of SCFA varied after elimination of monensin, while total production of SCFA was 1.78 times higher than on the first day. Methane production increased 7 days after monensin administration ceased, whereas hydrogen production decreased. The methanogens and rumen bacterial copy numbers were unaffected by the withdrawal of monensin.  相似文献   

Changes in Growth,Yield, Photosynthetic Pigments,Biochemical Substances,Oxidative Damage,and Antioxidant Activities Induced by Treatment with Different pH of Artificial acid rain in Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata)     

Ahmad  Gufran  Khan  Abrar A.  Mohamed  Heba I. 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2021,73(4):623-637

Acid rain is one of the major environmental problems that causes plant morphological and physiological disorders. But there are few studies about the impact of acid rain on vegetable crops. This work aimed to study the various effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) at different levels of pH (5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5 or 3.0) on growth, yield, pigment content, protein, carbohydrate, water content in leaves, minerals (NPK), oxidative damage and the activity of various antioxidants in pumpkin. The results show that the plant growth, yield, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, carbohydrates, leaf water content, NPK in the leaves of the pumpkin crop decreased significantly with increasing levels of acidity of SAR as compared to the untreated set. H₂O₂ and MDA are increased by SAR treatment which depends on the level of pH value of SAR. The highest value of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde was recorded at pH 3.0 and lower at pH 5.0 of SAR treatment on the pumpkin crop. In contrast, superoxide dismutase, catalase, nitrate reductase and proline contents were accumulated at pH 3.0 and degraded at pH 5.0 of SAR treatment on pumpkin as compared to control. In conclusion, our findings suggest that pumpkin produces more reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging SAR stress through the production of enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant compounds at 3.0 pH. Meanwhile, growth inhibition as well as the photosynthesis of pumpkin and the magnitude of oxidative damage increased as acidity increased (pH 3.0 of SAR).

  相似文献   

Soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry regulate soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization in rice-wheat rotation subjected to long-term fertilization     

Ashraf  Muhammad Nadeem  Hu  Cheng  Wu  Lei  Duan  Yinghua  Zhang  Wenju  Aziz  Tariq  Cai  Andong  Abrar  Muhammad Mohsin  Xu  Minggang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(8):3103-3113

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil microbial biomass (SMB), as the source and sink of soil nutrients, and its stoichiometry play a key role in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N)...  相似文献   

Landing,consumption, and DNA barcoding of commercial seabream (Perciformes: Sparidae) in Kuwait     

Amani S.Y. Al-Zaidan  Abrar Akbar  Hussain Bahbahani  Salim Y. Al-Mohanna  Biju Kolattukudy  Varun Balakrishna 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):802-817

1. To our knowledge, this is the first inclusive assessment of the status of Sparidae fisheries in the territorial waters of Kuwait, integrating information on catch trends, consumer preferences, recreational fishing behaviour, and molecular based identification of fish species by DNA barcoding
2. Fisheries landing data were obtained from the official fisheries bulletin released by the Kuwait Central Statistical Bureau. Surveys were conducted to assess consumer preferences on seabream species, landed seabream species, and the behaviour of recreational anglers towards seabream species. DNA barcodes were generated to authenticate commercial seabream using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene and then compared with GenBank sequence entries; these sequences were then used to construct a neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree.
3. Yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus was the prime and most favoured commercial seabream species (45%), followed by Sparidentex hasta, which was the top-rated secondary, unassessed seabream species. Approximately 54% of households conduct recreational fishing more than twice a month, and most (77%) primarily target S. hasta and Ac. latus. Consumer demand for secondary seabreams, which were not assessed and are listed in the bulletin under the category ‘others’, was evident.
4. The NJ phylogenetic tree revealed that Arabian Gulf seabreams, including those of Kuwait, are genetically different from their counterparts inhabiting neighbouring waters.
5. The data presented here highlight the urgency to modify the existing fisheries list using accurate identification tools, such as DNA barcoding, for the sustainable and conservation-oriented management of local fisheries, which are in decline.

  相似文献   

Wheat Gluten Polymer Structures: The Impact of Genotype,Environment, and Processing on Their Functionality in Various Applications     

Eva Johansson  Ali Hafeez Malik  Abrar Hussain  Faiza Rasheed  William R. Newson  Tomas Plivelic  Mikael S. Hedenqvist  Mikael Gllstedt  Ramune Kuktaite 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(4):367-376

For a number of applications, gluten protein polymer structures are of the highest importance in determining end‐use properties. The present article focuses on gluten protein structures in the wheat grain, genotype‐ and environment‐related changes, protein structures in various applications, and their impact on quality. Protein structures in mature wheat grain or flour are strongly related to end‐use properties, although influenced by genetic and environment interactions. Nitrogen availability during wheat development and genetically determined plant development rhythm are the most important parameters determining the gluten protein polymer structure, although temperature during plant development interacts with the impact of the mentioned parameters. Glutenin subunits are the main proteins incorporated in the gluten protein polymer in extracted wheat flour. During dough mixing, gliadins are also incorporated through disulfide‐sulfhydryl exchange reactions. Gluten protein polymer size and complexity in the mature grain and changes during dough formation are important for breadmaking quality. When using the gluten proteins to produce plastics, additional proteins are incorporated in the polymer through disulfide‐sulfhydryl exchange, sulfhydryl oxidation, β‐eliminations with lanthionine formation, and isopeptide formation. In promising materials, the protein polymer structure is changed toward β‐sheet structures of both intermolecular and extended type and a hexagonal close‐packed structure is found. Increased understanding of gluten protein polymer structures is extremely important to improve functionality and end‐use quality of wheat‐ and gluten‐based products.  相似文献   

Silicon fertilization – A tool to boost up drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop for better yield     

Munir Ahmad  Mohamed H. El-Saeid  Muhammad Abrar Akram  H. R. Ahmad  Haseeb Haroon  Abid Hussain 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(9):1283-1291

In this study, impact of silicon (Si) application on wheat performance under drought stress is studied. Experimental soil was sandy clay loam with an average pH of 8.01, electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.36 dSm^?1, and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content of 2.16%. Soil was severely deficient in organic matter (<1%). Average extractable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration was 230 and 5.21 mg kg^?1, respectively. Silicon potassium metasilicate (K₂SiO₃) was applied at the rate of 0 and 12 kg/ha with three canal water irrigation frequencies including two, three, and four under randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial fashion with three replications. Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced plant height, spike length, shoot fresh weight, and number of spikelets/spike, eventually enhancing wheat yield. Concentration of K⁺ in shoot (28.65 mg g^?1) and grains (3.51 mg g^?1) increased with Si application, which helped to maintain water potential in plant even under reduced moisture level in plants and soil, ultimately producing more yield and biomass under drought stress conditions.  相似文献   

Carbon,nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization in Northeast China     

Abrar  Muhammad Mohsin  Xu  Hu  Aziz  Tariq  Sun  Nan  Mustafa  Adnan  Aslam  Muhammad Wajahat  Shah  Syed Atizaz Ali  Mehmood  Khalid  Zhou  Baoku  Ma  Xingzhu  Chen  Xianni  Xu  Minggang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(2):705-723

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important parameter determining soil fertility and sustaining soil health. How C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios...  相似文献   

Drawbacks of decentralized natural resource management: experience from Chilimo Participatory Forest Management project, Ethiopia     

Abrar Juhar Mohammed  Makoto Inoue 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(1):30-36

This paper highlights the drawbacks of decentralized natural resource management in the rarely researched country, Ethiopia. We argue that, under the guise of decentralization policies, the central government extended its authority and also forced the high costs of its policy onto local people. In addition, local authorities have been dominated by local leaders who have changed rules to their own advantage. Moreover, the central government has failed to support local authorities. We also show the negative impacts of the shortcomings of decentralization on natural resource governance by local people, including lessened discharge of responsibilities for management and exclusion, as well as on people’s livelihoods, as in the polarization of benefits.  相似文献   

Amount and Size Distribution of Monomeric and Polymeric Proteins in the Grain of Organically Produced Wheat     

Abrar Hussain  Hans Larsson  Ramune Kuktaite  Maria Luisa Prieto‐Linde  Eva Johansson 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(1):80-86

In the present study, we evaluated 444 organically grown wheat genotypes for the amount and size distribution of polymeric proteins by size‐exclusion HPLC. The investigated genotypes were divided into six genotype groups—selection, spelt, old cultivar, primitive, landrace, and cultivar—and these were grown in four different locations, namely, Alnarp, Bohuslän, Gotland, and Uppsala in Sweden. The results showed that the percentage of unextractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins (%UPP) and percentage of large unextractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins were higher in the cultivar group as compared with the rest of the investigated genotype groups. The amounts of total extractable polymeric proteins (TOTE) and total unextractable polymeric proteins were low in cultivars and selections, respectively. Spring wheat grain was found to have a significantly higher amount of all protein fractions as compared with winter wheat. The genotype Kenya was found to belong to both groups of the 20 genotypes with the highest TOTE and %UPP. Thus, the genotype Kenya might be of relevance for consumption and future breeding to improve the breadmaking quality of organically produced wheat.  相似文献   

One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts     

Carpenter KE  Abrar M  Aeby G  Aronson RB  Banks S  Bruckner A  Chiriboga A  Cortés J  Delbeek JC  Devantier L  Edgar GJ  Edwards AJ  Fenner D  Guzmán HM  Hoeksema BW  Hodgson G  Johan O  Licuanan WY  Livingstone SR  Lovell ER  Moore JA  Obura DO  Ochavillo D  Polidoro BA  Precht WF  Quibilan MC  Reboton C  Richards ZT  Rogers AD  Sanciangco J  Sheppard A  Sheppard C  Smith J  Stuart S  Turak E  Veron JE  Wallace C  Weil E  Wood E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):560-563

The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef-building coral species was assessed by using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Criteria. Of the 704 species that could be assigned conservation status, 32.8% are in categories with elevated risk of extinction. Declines in abundance are associated with bleaching and diseases driven by elevated sea surface temperatures, with extinction risk further exacerbated by local-scale anthropogenic disturbances. The proportion of corals threatened with extinction has increased dramatically in recent decades and exceeds that of most terrestrial groups. The Caribbean has the largest proportion of corals in high extinction risk categories, whereas the Coral Triangle (western Pacific) has the highest proportion of species in all categories of elevated extinction risk. Our results emphasize the widespread plight of coral reefs and the urgent need to enact conservation measures.  相似文献