Enhancement of Depleted Loam Soil as Well as Cucumber Productivity Utilizing Biochar Under Water Stress     

Abubaker  B. Ali  Yan Haofang  Li Hong  Wu Yan You  Nazar A. Elshaikh  Gameraldawla Hussein 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(1):49-64

Biochar has recently received increased attention because it improves poor soil fertility. However, its potentiality to enhance soil physical properties under water stress conditions not yet deeply investigated. Hence, extensive field investigations were carried out to study the effects of biochar addition (BA) with deficit irrigation (DI) on soil bulk density (BD), porosity percentage (P%), soil moisture content (SMC%), soil hydraulic conductivity (K), cucumber yield and water use efficiency (WUE) during two consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017). The biochar treatments were B₀ (0 ton ha^?1), B₁ (10 ton ha^?1and B₂ (20 ton ha^?1), while the DI treatments were 1.0 (W₁), 0.60 (W₂) and 0.40 (W₃) of the reference evapotranspiration (ET₀). The parameters were measured at soil depths of 0–10 (d₁), 10–20 (d₂) and 20–30 cm (d₃) for measurement periods of before sowing (P₁), mid-season (P₂) and after harvest (P₃). The results showed that the B₂W₁ combination gave the highest yield (57 and 45.2 t ha^?1), WUE (10.94 and 11.27 kg m^?3), SMC (39.2 and 40.1%) in both seasons, respectively. The B₂W₃ had the highest porosity (47.5 and 46.1%) values at the d₁. Meanwhile, the lowest soil BD values of 1.1 and 1.05 g cm^?3 were obtained by the B₂W₁ at d₁ for 2.16 and 2017, respectively. Statistically, most of the parameters studied under B₂W₂ and B₀W₁ had non-significant differences between them. Hence, the addition of biochar with DI could be an integrated approach to address the drought stress, while enhancing soil and plant properties.  相似文献   

Conservation tillage as an approach to enhance crops water use efficiency     

Abubaker B. Ali  Nazar A. Elshaikh  Li Hong  Adam Bush Adam  Yan Haofang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(3):252-262

Conservation tillage practices great role in improving productivity of water. This study hypothesis that tied-ridging and riding tillage could enhance the yield and water use efficiency. Hence, a field experiment was carried out to investigate their potentiality in improving the water use efficiencies for different crops (cotton, groundnut, sorghum and wheat) compared to basin (control) during two excessive seasons. The experiments were organized in a spilt-plot experimental design. The water use efficacies (WUEs) were examined in term of technical, economical and hydraulic water use efficiencies for the both conservation tillage under irrigated conditions. The results indicated that both the conservation tillage techniques showed positive effect (P?≤?.05) on the WUEs. The tied-ridging gave the highest values of WUEs than ridging for all crops. Moreover, tied-ridging increased the average values of water use efficiency by 75%, 48%, 17% and 85% for cotton, sorghum, groundnut and wheat, respectively, compared to that of control treatment, which significantly differed from the ridging treatment. Accordingly, conservation tillage improved WUE and the capability of soil to keep moisture which is reflected in high crops production. This suggests that there is substantial scope for improving irrigation water use efficiency of crops by adoption of conservation tillage.  相似文献   

Effects of antigen and recombinant porcine cytokines on pig dendritic cell cytokine expression in vitro     

Raymond CR  Sidahmed AM  Wilkie BN 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,111(3-4):175-185

To evaluate variables influencing in vitro immune response induction, pig monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were treated with putative type-1 and type-2 antigens (Ags, killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)) and recombinant porcine cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). Responses were measured as moDC cytokine mRNA expression. Treatment of moDCs with HEWL increased IL-13 but not IL-12, IFN-gamma or IL-10 mRNA, suggesting a DC2 phenotype. Addition of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma or IL-12 to HEWL-treated moDCs increased IL-12p35 and reduced IL-13 mRNA; suggesting a DC1 phenotype. Mtb increased moDC IL-12p35, IFN-gamma and to a lesser extent IL-13 mRNA. This DC1 bias was enhanced by TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma or IL-12, which increased IL-12p35 and to a lesser extent IL-10 mRNA but reduced IL-13 mRNA. Addition of IL-10 to Mtb-pulsed moDCs reduced IL-12p35, IFN-gamma and IL-13, but increased IL-10 mRNA, suggesting diversion from DC1 to DC2. Thus porcine moDCs treated with Ag and/or cytokines alter moDC cytokine expression confirming their likely ability to initiate and steer acquired immune response.  相似文献   

Applications of various stereological tools for estimation of biological tissues     

Aymen A. Warille  Adem Kocaman  Abdalla A. Elamin  Hamza Mohamed  Abubaker El Elhaj  Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):127-134

To provide concise and brief important stereological application methods and techniques for estimating biological tissues. Stereology studies the quantity of biological tissue using little practice and the low price of counting and preparing tissue slices to obtain direct and accurate results. Since their establishment, the stereological techniques underwent much improvement, thus allowing more precise analysis of target structures using various approaches. Using stereological tools, advances in stereological techniques made the target tissues or organs represented by 2D instead of 3D dimensions. Process tools estimate volume, area and length. According to the exciting tissue and aims, the stereological tools perform differently. This review summarizes various stereological tools and techniques, providing brief information about the orientation method, slicer probe method, Delesse's principle, Cavalieri principle, disector, fractionator, nucleator, virtual cycloids and saucer, which are described in detail.  相似文献   

Calf mortality rates on five Libyan dairy stations 1976–1980     

Abubaker M. Gusbi  David W. Hird 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1983,1(2):105-114

Calf mortality rate (CMR) was studied on five Libyan dairy stations for the period 1976 through 1980 using life table and time series methods. CMR (birth-30 days) ranged from 12.5% to 26% for the various stations; the overall CMR (birth-90 days) for five stations for five years was 18.8%. CMR on the station with the highest CMR was highest May through July, increased greatly from 1977 through 1980, and was correlated with the number of calves born; monthly CMR increased with increased numbers of calves born. The increased CMR on several stations from 1977 through 1980 was associated with the departure of foreign calf care workers in 1977, and their replacement by other foreign workers with little livestock experience. The one station which employed Libyan farmers as calf caretakers had the lowest female CMR and was the only station on which female CMR was significantly different from male CMR.  相似文献