Effect of legume flours on baking characteristics of gluten-free bread     

B. Miñarro  E. Albanell  N. Aguilar  B. Guamis  M. Capellas 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of four gluten-free bread formulations and the possibility of substituting soya protein with other legume proteins. Four bread recipes were prepared with chickpea flour, pea isolate, carob germ flour or soya flour. Carob germ flour batter structure was thicker compared with the other batters, probably due to the different protein behaviour and the residual gums present in carob germ flour. However, carob germ flour bread obtained the lowest specific volume values (2.51 cm³/g), while chickpea bread obtained the highest (3.26 cm³/g). Chickpea bread also showed the softest crumb. Confocal scanning-laser microscopy results showed a more compact microstructure in carob germ flour bread compared with soya and chickpea formulations. Chickpea bread exhibited the best physico-chemical characteristics and, in general, good sensory behaviour, indicating that it could be a promising alternative to soya protein.  相似文献   

Biochar application as a win-win strategy to mitigate soil nitrate pollution without compromising crop yields: a case study in a Mediterranean calcareous soil     

Martos  Soledad  Mattana  Stefania  Ribas  Angela  Albanell  Elena  Domene  Xavier 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(1):220-233

Purpose

The environmental benefits of biochar application, ranging from improvements in crop yield to global change mitigation, have been extensively studied in the last decade. However, such benefits have not been profusely demonstrated under a Mediterranean climate and still less in combination with high pH soils. In our study, the short to medium effects of biochar application on a soil-plant system under Mediterranean conditions in an alkaline soil were assessed.

Material and methods

Barley plants were grown in field mesocosms during three agronomical years at three biochar addition rates (0, 5, and 30 t ha^?1). Related to soil, different physicochemical parameters were analyzed as well as microbial respiration, biomass, and functional diversity. In the plant domain, in vivo ecophysiology variables such as leaf transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate were determined while photosynthetic pigment content and soluble protein concentrations were measured in the laboratory. Additionally, crop yield and nutrient composition were also analyzed. The soil-plant connection was investigated by the N content ratio in both fractions establishing the nitrogen efficiency in the system.

Results and discussion

The highest rate of biochar amendment enhanced soil moisture and electrical conductivity combined with an increase of SO₄^2?, Cl^?, Mg²⁺, and K⁺, and decrease of NO₃^? and HPO₄^?. Notable variations regarding nutrition and moisture were induced in this Mediterranean alkaline soil after biochar addition although pH remained stable. Contrastingly, there were no major effects on microbial activity, but a lower abundance of the nosZ functional gene was found. Similarly, plant parameters were unaffected regarding chemical composition and ecophysiology although biochar induced a higher efficiency in the plant nitrogen uptake without increasing crop yield.

Conclusions

Biochar addition at the highest rate (30 t ha^?1) reduced soil-soluble nitrate although N uptake by the plant remained invariable, in turn coupled to no effects on crop productivity. Our study showed that, in a Mediterranean agroecosystem, a wood biochar produced by gasification was unable to increase crop yield, but enhanced soil water retention, decreased the need for N fertilization, and decreased soil-soluble nitrate concentrations, something that could help to mitigate the excessive nitrate levels associated with over-fertilization.

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Detection of low-level gluten content in flour and batter by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)     

Elena Albanell  Begoña Miñarro  Noemí Carrasco 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a valuable tool for quality control in the food industry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of developing a NIRS calibration for gluten determination in flour and batter, suitable for the analysis of gluten-free food products. Reflectance data was used for calibration based on modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression. Independent prediction equations were developed for flour and for batter. Spectral models using mean spectra of two scans (average spectra), were compared with those using the two individual spectral data. The best model obtained for flour was using the average spectral data (R² = 0.985; r² = 0.967) and for batter samples was using the individual spectral data (R² = 0.926; r² = 0.825). It is concluded that the application of NIRS methodology can predict accurately the concentration of gluten content in flours and batters, but it should not be considered as a reliable method for determining gluten contamination in gluten-free products.  相似文献   

Chemical changes during vermicomposting (Eisenia fetida) of sheep manure mixed with cotton industrial wastes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Albanell  J. Plaixats  T. Cabrero 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1988,6(3):266-269

Summary Castings of Eisenia fetida from sheep manure alone and mixed with cotton wastes analysed for their properties and chemical composition every 2 weeks for 3 months and compared with the same manures in the absence of earthworms. The results showed that earthworms accelerated the mineralization rate and converted the manures into castings with a higher nutritional value and degrees of humification. The castings obtained from manure mixed with cotton wastes exhibited good agronomic quality, suggesting that this kind of industrial residue may be used in vermicomposting.Work supported by Obra Social Caixa de Barcelona  相似文献   

In vitro fermentative characteristics of ruminant diets supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes and ranges of optimal endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase activity     

E. González‐García  E. Albanell  G. Caja  R. Casals 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(2):250-263

Effectiveness of fibrolytic enzymes supplementing a range of forage to concentrate (F:C) diets was assessed with goat (G) or cow (C) inoculum using the gas production (GP) technique. Four F:C diets were evaluated: forage (1:0), high forage (0.7:0.3), medium forage (0.5:0.5) and low forage (0.3:0.7) diets, supplemented or not with Promote^TM (PRO) at 1 or 2 ml/kg dry matter (DM). The GP kinetic was different between F:C (1:0 < 0.7:0.3 < 0.5:0.5 < 0.3:0.7) and inoculum. Responses to enzyme were positively related to forage level and differed with inoculum. The neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre degradation were depressed by the concentrate in the substrates fermented with C and were not altered or even enhanced in G sets. Results confirm that increasing starch proportion modified the pattern of microbial fermentation, while no influences were detected in the improvement of cell wall degradation with fibrolytic enzymes. Another in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate factors by which endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase activity (EA) of PRO is compromised in a factorial design (3 × 4 × 3) for three pH (4.0, 5.5 and 6.5), four temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 70 °C) and three doses (1, 2 and 3 ml/kg DM of substrate). Maximum EA were obtained for pH 4.0, 50 °C and 3 ml/kg DM. Optimal conditions for PRO proved to be outside the normal ranges in ruminal environment.  相似文献