Effect of methods of processing upon digestibility of a new wheat by sheep and cattle     

C D Cornett  L B Sherrod  R C Albin 《Journal of animal science》1971,32(4):716-720

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Computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry of the elbow joint in clinically normal dogs     

Samii VF  Les Clifford M  Schulz KS  Keyak JH  Stover SM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(8):1159-1166

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate subchondral bone density patterns in elbow joints of clinically normal dogs by use of computed tomographic (CT) osteoabsorptiometry. SAMPLE POPULATION: 20 cadaver forelimbs from 10 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Each elbow joint was imaged in parasagittal and transverse planes of 1.5-mm thickness. Slice data were converted to dipotassium phosphate equivalent density (PPED) values. Sagittal, parasagittal, and transverse medial coronoid process topographic maps were constructed. Defined zones were created for each of the 3 CT planes, and confluence and peak PPED values were determined. RESULTS: The lowest PPED value was 340 mg/ml (articular and subchondral confluence), and the highest was 1780 mg/ml (peak subchondral density). Detectable effects of joint laterality were not found in the confluence or peak PPED measurements or in the peak-to-confluence PPED ratio for all 3 CT planes. Significant differences were found among zones in all 3 planes for confluence and peak PPED measurements and between sagittal and transverse planes for peak-to-confluence PPED ratios. Subjectively, the pattern of density distribution among dogs was fairly consistent for the sagittal and parasagittal slices. Three specific patterns of density distribution were apparent on the transverse topographic maps of the medial coronoid process that corresponded to conformational differences. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of CT osteoabsorptiometry provides a repeatable technique that can be used to noninvasively examine bone density and the effects of stress acting on joints in vivo. Variability in density values for any of the CT planes was not identified among clinically normal dogs.  相似文献   

Design and chemical synthesis of a homogeneous polymer-modified erythropoiesis protein     

Kochendoerfer GG  Chen SY  Mao F  Cressman S  Traviglia S  Shao H  Hunter CL  Low DW  Cagle EN  Carnevali M  Gueriguian V  Keogh PJ  Porter H  Stratton SM  Wiedeke MC  Wilken J  Tang J  Levy JJ  Miranda LP  Crnogorac MM  Kalbag S  Botti P  Schindler-Horvat J  Savatski L  Adamson JW  Kung A  Kent SB  Bradburne JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5608):884-887

We report the design and total chemical synthesis of "synthetic erythropoiesis protein" (SEP), a 51-kilodalton protein-polymer construct consisting of a 166-amino-acid polypeptide chain and two covalently attached, branched, and monodisperse polymer moieties that are negatively charged. The ability to control the chemistry allowed us to synthesize a macromolecule of precisely defined covalent structure. SEP was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques, with a mass of 50,825 +/-10 daltons by electrospray mass spectrometry, and with a pI of 5.0. In cell and animal assays for erythropoiesis, SEP displayed potent biological activity and had significantly prolonged duration of action in vivo. These chemical methods are a powerful tool in the rational design of protein constructs with potential therapeutic applications.  相似文献   

Production of cod (Gadus morhua) muscle hydrolysates. Influence of combinations of commercial enzyme preparations on hydrolysate peptide size range     

Gilmartin L  Jervis L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5417-5423

The complement of enzyme activities of a selection of commercial protease preparations were determined using fluorogenic substrates. Alcalase was used in combination with other commercial enzyme preparations to produce cod muscle (Gadus morhua) hydrolysates. Each muscle hydrolysate was characterized with respect to the percentage degree of hydrolysis (DH %), peptide molecular weight range, and free amino acid content. The enzyme preparations containing predominantly protease or endopeptidase activities achieved high DH % and produced significant amounts of peptides below a molecular weight of 3000. Alcalase combined with exopeptidase-rich preparations produced hydrolysates rich in low-molecular-weight peptides. Selecting combinations of enzyme preparations with complementary activity profiles could be used to manipulate the peptide molecular weight profile of hydrolysates.  相似文献   

Growth Environment Influences Grain Protein Composition and Dough Functional Properties in Three Australian Wheat Cultivars     

Noor Hasniza M. Z.  Meredith A. Wilkes  Surjani Uthayakumaran  Les Copeland 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(2):169-175

The objectives of this study were to assess how functional properties of proteins in whole meal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour vary across different growth environments. Grain from three commercial Australian Hard milling wheat cultivars was analyzed from four growth locations in 2008 and from two of the corresponding cultivars and locations in 2009. The protein content of the grain, soluble and insoluble extractable protein fractions, swelling index of glutenin (SIG), glutenin‐to‐gliadin ratio (Glu:Gli), percent unextractable polymeric protein (%UPP), and dough properties including force at maximum resistance (Rmax) and extensibility were measured. Based on analysis of variance of aggregated data for the cultivars, growth locations, and seasons, growth environment factors made significant contributions to variability in the total grain protein, Glu:Gli ratio, %UPP, SIG, Rmax, and extensibility of the wheat flour. Variability of protein content of the soluble and insoluble extractable protein fractions was mostly owing to genotype.  相似文献   

Growth and development of the bovine as related to certain endocrine factors     

S E Curl  M A Fennell  D W Zinn  R C Albin 《Journal of animal science》1968,27(4):1011-1014

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A debate over Iraqi death estimates     

Burnham G  Roberts L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5803):1241; author reply 1241

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The application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome     

Costello EK  Stagaman K  Dethlefsen L  Bohannan BJ  Relman DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6086):1255-1262

The human-microbial ecosystem plays a variety of important roles in human health and disease. Each person can be viewed as an island-like "patch" of habitat occupied by microbial assemblages formed by the fundamental processes of community ecology: dispersal, local diversification, environmental selection, and ecological drift. Community assembly theory, and metacommunity theory in particular, provides a framework for understanding the ecological dynamics of the human microbiome, such as compositional variability within and between hosts. We explore three core scenarios of human microbiome assembly: development in infants, representing assembly in previously unoccupied habitats; recovery from antibiotics, representing assembly after disturbance; and invasion by pathogens, representing assembly in the context of invasive species. Judicious application of ecological theory may lead to improved strategies for restoring and maintaining the microbiota and the crucial health-associated ecosystem services that it provides.  相似文献   

Management of twin pregnancy and perinatal concerns in a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)     

Osborn S  Dalton L  Dold C  Robeck T 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(1):193-196

A 22-yr-old multiparous beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, with consistently elevated serum progesterone concentrations post-artificial insemination was diagnosed with viable twins at 149 days postconception. Twins were of similar size at least until day 264, the last point when ultrasound measurements of both twins were made. However, ultrasound was used to determine the viability of both fetuses on days 365, 393, and 400. After 90% of normal gestation, or 434 days, steroids were administered to encourage fetal lung maturation. Seven days later a 40.9-kg live female calf was delivered headfirst. A second 22.7-kg stillborn calf was delivered in fluke-first presentation 8 hr later. Immediately after birth, the live calf was administered surfactant intratracheally. The next day, it was given beluga immunoglobulin intramuscularly, and started on oral antibiotics and provided nutritional support via an oral gastric tube. The calf started nursing voluntarily on day 3. Antibiotic and nutritional support was discontinued on day 10. Bimonthly weight and length measurements demonstrated that after an initial increased growth rate, the calf has grown within normal parameters after birth. This calf represents the first known successful surviving twin of any cetacean species and sets an important precedent for treatment modalities that may be available to assist the premature cetacean neonate.  相似文献   

加强食品供应链安全的一些观点     

Les Kumor  Paul Schneider  Dennis Will  Marvin Genno 《中国家禽》2009,31(8)

从养殖场到屠宰场到消费者的食品安全非常重要,这是基于人类健康、国内消费、国际贸易、国际声誉、增加农民收入方面的考虑.  相似文献