排序方式： 共有29条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Seidler T Alter T Krüger M Fehlhaber K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):375-377
On transport and at the abattoir animals are confronted with a lot of stressors, such as sound/noise, crowding/mixing, pollutants and infectious agents that act on the organism. After transport stress an endogenous contamination is often seen in slaughter carcasses and presents a hazard for the consumer. These events are often correlated with a rise in endotoxin level (Misawa et al., 1995; Morales et al., 1992) and a modified immune response. Previous own investigations confirm this hypothesis (Zucker and Krüger, 1998, Seidler et al., 2000). The attempt was made to investigate the impact of selected stressors (short term transport (1 h), long term transport (7-8 hrs), high temperature, high humidity and intense handling/moving) on bacterial translocation, endogenous contamination, endotoxin levels and bactericidal activity of body fluids. 相似文献
2.
Particle track etching 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R L Fleischer H W Alter S C Furman P B Price R M Walker 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,178(58):255-263
3.
Prapas Patchanee Pakpoom Tadee Orapun Arjkumpa David Love Karoon Chanachai Thomas Alter Soawapak Hinjoy Prasit Tharavichitkul 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(4):529-536
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in pigs, farm workers, and the environment in northern Thailand, and to assess LA-MRSA isolate phenotypic characteristics. One hundred and four pig farms were randomly selected from the 21,152 in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces in 2012. Nasal and skin swab samples were collected from pigs and farm workers. Environmental swabs (pig stable floor, faucet, and feeder) were also collected. MRSA was identified by conventional bacterial culture technique, with results confirmed by multiplex PCR and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Herd prevalence of MRSA was 9.61% (10 of 104 farms). Among pigs, workers, and farm environments, prevalence was 0.68% (two of 292 samples), 2.53% (seven of 276 samples), and 1.28% (four of 312 samples), respectively. Thirteen MRSA isolates (seven from workers, four from environmental samples, and two from pigs) were identified as Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec IV sequences type 9. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests found 100% of the MRSA isolates resistant to clindamycin, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline, while 100% were susceptible to cloxacillin and vancomycin. All possessed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. This is the first evidence of an LA-MRSA interrelationship among pigs, workers, and the farm environment in Thailand. 相似文献
4.
Polyphenols, widely spread in our diet by the consumption of plant food products, are commonly determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent that interacts with other different reducing nonphenolic substances and leads to an overestimation of polyphenol content. In this paper we report an optimized Folin-Ciocalteu method to specifically determine the contents of total polyphenols and vitamin C. After the optimal conditions for the colorimetric assay were set, solid-phase extraction (Oasis HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance)) was carried out to eliminate the water-soluble reducing interferences including vitamin C. Colorimetric correction was thus performed by subtracting interfering substances contained in the water washing extract from the raw extract. Moreover, vitamin C present in the water washing extract can be destroyed by heating and thus colorimetrically deduced. This procedure was set up with synthetic solutions and validated on different extracts from fruit products. 相似文献
5.
Cell mediated immunity: separation of cells involved in recognitive and destructive phases 总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43
F H Bach M Segall K S Zier P M Sondel B J Alter M L Bach 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(84):403-406
The mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and the cell mediated lympholysis (CML) assays are used as in vitro models of the afferent, or recognitive, and efferent, or destructive, phases of the homograft reaction. Activity in both of these tests has been related to differences at the major histocompatibility complex, HL-A in man and H-2 in mouse. Recent evidence suggests that the presumed cell surface differences which lead to cell proliferation in MLC are different from those which act as a target for CML. Data are presented providing further support for this hypothesis; in addition separate cell populations may respond to the differences which activate cells in MLC and to the differences which serve as targets for CML. There thus appears to be a dichotomy both for genetic control of, and cell populations involved in, the recognitive and destructive phases of cell mediated immunity. 相似文献
6.
Perko-Mäkelä P Alter T Isohanni P Zimmermann S Lyhs U 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(6):388-398
The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. isolated from turkey flocks at six rearing farms 1-2 weeks prior to slaughter (360 faecal swab samples) and from 11 different stages at the slaughterhouse (636 caecal, environmental, neck skin and meat samples). A total of 121 Campylobacter isolates were identified to species level using a multiplex PCR assay and were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA-short variable region (SVR) sequencing. All Campylobacter isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. PFGE analysis with KpnI restriction enzyme resulted in 11 PFGE types (I-XI) and flaA SVR typing yielded in nine flaA-SVR alleles. The Campylobacter-positive turkey flocks A, C and E were colonized by a limited number of Campylobacter clones at the farm and slaughter. The present study confirms the traceability of flock-specific strains (PFGE types I, V and IX; flaA types 21, 36 and 161) from the farm along the entire processing line to meat cuts. It seems that stress factors such as high temperature of the defeathering water (54-56 °C), drying of the carcass skin during air chilling (24 h at 2 °C), and oxygen in the air could not eliminate Campylobacter completely. Campylobacter-negative flocks became contaminated during processing by the same subtypes of Campylobacter introduced into the slaughter house by preceeding positive flocks even if they were slaughtered on subsequent days. Proper and efficient cleaning and disinfection of slaughter and processing premises are needed to avoid cross-contamination, especially in countries with a low prevalence of Campylobacter spp. The majority of flaA SVR alleles displayed a distinct association with a specific PFGE type. However, a linear relationship for all strains among both typing methods could not be established. To specify genetic relatedness of strains, a combination of different genotyping methods, is needed. 相似文献
7.
Concern over the collapse of many wild-caught fisheries has led to a recent focus on seafood-certification and consumer-driven support of sustainable seafood. However, such conservation strategies depend critically on the accurate labeling of seafood species in marketplaces. Pacific rockfish, a group of >60 species in the genus Sebastes, are often marketed as Pacific red snapper, but little is known about the number and identity of rockfish species sold under this name. We used a molecular approach to identify species sold as Pacific red snapper by grocery chains, local fish markets, and sushi restaurants in California and Washington. Using genetic data from two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome-b and control region), we identified seven species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.), tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), and one true red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in our samples. Among samples identified as rockfish, 56% were identified as species listed as overfished by the National Marine Fisheries Service within the past three years. By effectively permitting all species of rockfish to be sold under a common vernacular name, state and federal agencies compromise the ability of consumers to make informed choices when buying seafood. 相似文献
8.
Hartnack S Doherr MG Alter T Toutounian-Mashad K Greiner M 《Zoonoses and public health》2009,56(3):117-128
Campylobacter, a major zoonotic pathogen, displays seasonality in poultry and in humans. In order to identify temporal patterns in the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in a voluntary monitoring programme in broiler flocks in Germany and in the reported human incidence, time series methods were used. The data originated between May 2004 and June 2007. By the use of seasonal decomposition, autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions, it could be shown that an annual seasonality is present. However, the peak month differs between sample submission, prevalence in broilers and human incidence. Strikingly, the peak in human campylobacterioses preceded the peak in broiler prevalence in Lower Saxony rather than occurring after it. Significant cross-correlations between monthly temperature and prevalence in broilers as well as between human incidence, monthly temperature, rainfall and wind-force were identified. The results highlight the necessity to quantify the transmission of Campylobacter from broiler to humans and to include climatic factors in order to gain further insight into the epidemiology of this zoonotic disease. 相似文献
9.
Thomas Alter Rita Margarete Weber Ahmad Hamedy Gerhard Glünder 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):90-95
Nineteen flocks of four poultry species were monitored at a veterinary field station to investigate the distribution and spread of Campylobacter genotypes between sequential and adjacent flocks. Caecal and liver samples were obtained at frequent intervals from birds of all flocks and examined for Campylobacter. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed to genotype Campylobacter isolates. Of the 1643 caecal and liver samples investigated, 452 (27.5%) caecal samples and 11 (0.7%) liver samples contained Campylobacter. Of the caecal isolates 76.3% were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 23.7% were identified as Campylobacter coli. Poultry flocks were largely colonized by more than one AFLP type and an intense exchange of Campylobacter genotypes between different poultry flocks occurred. These findings indicate that multiple genotypes can constitute the Campylobacter population within single poultry flocks, hinting to different sources of exposure and/or genetic drifts within the Campylobacter population. Nevertheless, in most flocks single Campylobacter genotypes predominated. Some strains superseded others resulting in colonization by successive Campylobacter genotypes during the observation period. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the large genetic diversity of Campylobacter must be considered in epidemiological evaluations and microbial risk assessments of Campylobacter in poultry. 相似文献
10.
Brat P Rega B Alter P Reynes M Brillouet JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3442-3447
The quantitative distribution of volatile compounds in the pulp, cloud, and serum of a freshly squeezed orange juice (cv. Naveline) was measured. Juice monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were primarily recovered from the pulp (74.0 and 87.2%, respectively) and cloud (7.3 and 14.9%, respectively). Esters and monoterpene alcohols were mainly found in the serum (90.4 and 84.1%, respectively). Long chain aliphatic aldehydes tend to concentrate in the pulp. The relative proportions of individual volatile compounds were similar in the pulp and cloud. Pulp and cloud alcohol insoluble residues exhibited similar compositions; half of them are made of nonwall proteins, and the rest are made of cell wall materials. Pulp and cloud total and neutral lipids had similar fatty acids distributions, although the cloud was much richer in total lipids than the pulp. No relationship was found between the retention of aroma compounds in the pulp or cloud and their AIR and lipid content or composition. 相似文献