Direct antifungal activity of tiadinil,a systemic acquired resistance inducer,and thymol formulations on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stagonosporopsis citrulli</Emphasis> and control of watermelon gummy stem blight     

Yonas Kefialew  Sanju Kunwar  Dawit Abate  Amare Ayalew  James Colee  Laura Ritchie  Stephen M. Olson  Mathews L. Paret 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(4):284-295

This study evaluated the direct antifungal activity of tiadinil [N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide], a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer and two formulations of thymol (thymol I and thymol II) against Stagonosporopsis citrulli, the causal agent of gummy stem blight (GSB) disease of watermelon. Tiadinil, thymol I and thymol II completely inhibited the mycelial growth of S. citrulli in vitro at ≥?100 ppm. Conidial germination and germ tube elongation were completely inhibited by tiadinil at ≥?2000 ppm and by thymol-based formulations at ≥?100 ppm. A single foliar application of tiadinil at ≥?10 ppm or a single application of thymol I and II at ≥?1 ppm, 48 h before or after pathogen inoculation, significantly reduced disease severity of watermelon seedlings inoculated with 10⁵/ml conidial suspension of S. citrulli, compared to respective nontreated controls. Plants treated with foliar application of tiadinil at ≥?1000 ppm before pathogen inoculation had significantly lower disease severity than plants that received an equivalent drench application. The efficacy of foliar application of tiadinil was affected by concentration and frequency of application. The study suggests direct antifungal activity of tiadinil, indicating a new mode of action of tiadinil against GSB disease of watermelon. The study also demonstrated direct antifungal action of thymol, a formulated active compound of essential oils, against S. citrulli and GSB disease of watermelon.  相似文献   

Fusarium head blight progression and yield response of bread wheat as affected by fungicides and spray regimes under field condition in southern Ethiopia     

Mengesha  Getachew Gudero  Abebe  Shiferaw Mekonnen  Fedilu  Kedir Bamud  Tadesse  Yosef Berihun  Mekonnen  Asaminew Amare  Esho  Abate G./Mikael  Lera  Zerhun Tomas  Shertore  Misgana Mitku  Cheleko  Dizgo Chencha  W/Silassie  Agdew Bekele 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(5):565-582

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the destructive diseases in wheat-producing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted during the 2019...  相似文献   

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement     

Amare Haileslassie  Don Peden  Solomon Gebreselassie  Tilahun Amede  Katrien Descheemaeker 《Agricultural Systems》2009,102(1-3):33-40

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.  相似文献   

Assessment of risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from bovine subclinical mastitic milk in and around Gondar,Northwest Ethiopia     

Bihon  Amare  Syoum  Ashenafi  Assefa  Ayalew 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):939-948

Tropical Animal Health and Production - A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling approach was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of...  相似文献   

Agricultural systems in Ethiopia     

Amare Getahun 《Agricultural Systems》1978,3(4):281-293

Ethiopia is basically an agricultural and pastoral country. Agriculture dominates the Ethiopian life to the extent that little progress can be made unless agriculture is attacked directly. Ethiopia is a country of peasants with primitive agriculture. The physical potential for sharply increased agriculture is high but the obstacles for development are immense still, despite recent government attempts.The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. The mixed agriculture exhibits several subsystems. Commercial agriculture using the river basins, such as the Awash Basin, is a recent phenomenon.Agricultural research as a formal activity and national programme is less than twenty-five years old and has undergone three formative stages reflecting the level of government commitment to agricultural development. The agricultural research system has now entered a new period where policy and infrastructures are being well laid down with emphasis on rural development. But these developments must be matched by greatly improved human and financial resource allocations.  相似文献   

Growth and yield responses of rainfed lowland rice to different nitrogen fertilizer sources,methods and time of applications in Fogera Plain,northwest Ethiopia     

Amare Aleminew  Getachew Alemayehu  Enyew Adgo  Tilahun Tadesse 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(19):2885-2897

Abstract

Two sets of field experiments under seedling transplanting and drill row seed planting methods were conducted side by side for two years during the main cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Fogera Plain of northwest Ethiopia to study the effect of different sources, application methods and time of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of rain-fed lowland rice. Three N sources of fertilizers (conventional Urea, Urea super-granule, and slow-release Urea) with six, one, and three application methods and times, respectively were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates. These treatments and design were equally applied for two sets of experiments under both planting methods. Results revealed that soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value, LAI, and biomass and grain yields of rain-fed lowland rice were highest with Urea supergranule N fertilizer sources followed by slow-release Urea and conventional Urea applications in both planting methods. Average grain yields of 3.7 and 3.8 tons ha^?1 of rain-fed lowland rice were recorded with the application of Urea supergranule N source fertilizer under seedling transplanting and drill row seed planting methods, respectively. Hence, using Urea supergranule tablet is recommendable for getting better grain yield of rain-fed lowland rice without yield penalty in both planting methods.  相似文献   

Agro-climates and agricultural systems in Ethiopia     

Amare Getahun 《Agricultural Systems》1980,5(1):39-50

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Fungal invasion and mycotoxin contamination of stored sorghum grain as influenced by threshing methods     

Wondimeneh Taye  Amare Ayalew  Mashilla Dejene  Alemayehu Chala 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(1):66-76

Sanitation from harvest to storage is a key factor in eliminating sources of infection and reducing levels of mycotoxigenic fungal invasion, and thereby mycotoxin contamination. This study was conducted at Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia to investigate the effects of threshing methods on fungal invasion and mycotoxin contamination of sorghum grain. The methods included threshing on bare ground, cow-dung-painted ground, concrete asphalt and canvas. The threshed grain was kept separately in bags in three replications in a completely randomized design and stored for five months. The results revealed that all the sorghum grain samples taken from different threshing methods were contaminated with both Aspergillus and Fusarium species. There were variations in fungal invasion between samples taken immediately after threshing and stored samples. The level of Aspergillus spp. invasion was much higher in the latter in sorghum grain threshed on bare ground. The concentration of aflatoxin B₁ was gradually increased, whereas the total fumonisin concentration was decreased with the storage duration both in 2013 and 2014. On stored sorghum grain, the highest (1.97 µg kg^?1) and the lowest (0.70 µg kg^?1) mean aflatoxin B₁ concentrations were recorded from sorghum grains threshed on bare ground and on canvas, respectively. Sorghum grain obtained from canvas threshing method had significantly lower mean total fumonisin content (142.5, 54.9 µg kg^?1) than grain from the other methods at threshing. The current work clearly demonstrated the effect that threshing might have on fungal invasion and mycotoxin contamination of sorghum grains. .  相似文献   

Body weight change of Abergelle breed and Abergelle crossbred goats fed hay supplemented with different level of concentrate mixture     

Bewketu Amare  Tewodros Alemu  Belay Deribe  Alemu Dagnachew  Natnael Teshager  Alemu Tsegaye 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):613-620

The experiment was conducted at Sekota District using 36 intact yearling males of pure Abergelle breed and Abergelle crossbred goats (50%) with a mean live weight of 18.92?±?0.72 kg (mean?±?SE). The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate mixture supplementation on feed intake, live weight gain, and economic gain of the breeds. Goats were blocked based on initial body weight and were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments. The experimental design was a 2?×?3 factorial in RCBD (randomized complete block design). The treatments included ad libitum feeding of local grass hay and supplementation with three levels (184, 368, and 552 g/day) of concentrate mixture. The experiment consisted of 90 days of feeding. Daily, total dry matter and CP (crude protein) intakes were affected by diet and genotype (P?<?0.01). Significant decrease (P?<?0.001) in hay intake was observed as the level of the supplement increased. Besides, substitution rate increased with increasing levels of supplementation. Average daily body weight gains were significantly impacted only by diet. Animals fed on 184 significantly lower weights, while nonsignificant difference was observed in live weight gain between 368 and 552 supplemented group. Supplementation of 368 concentrate mix significantly improved (P?<?0.05) feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency. Supplementation of 368 g/day had showed significantly higher net return for both goat breeds. However, the Abergelle breed was significantly better in net profit and sensitivity than the crossbreed. Both genotypes performed better with the diet containing 368 g/day than that with 184 and 552 g/day of concentrate supplementation.  相似文献   

Influence of phosphorus application on yield,yield components,and quality of linseed     

Kassu Tadesse Kassaye  Almaz Admassu Tirfe  Wubengeda Admasu Yilm  Dawit Habte Haile  Asrat Mekonnen Teto  Amare Tadesse Weldegebriel 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(19):2525-2535

Abstract

Soil fertility depletion coupled with improper fertilization is one of the major constraints limiting linseed production in Ethiopia. Experiment was conducted in 2014/2015 on Nitisol in southeastern Ethiopian highlands to study the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer rate on yield, yield components, and oil content of linseed. It comprised of six levels of P fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25?kg?P?ha^?1) arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that P fertilization brought significant effect on biomass yield, harvest index, plant height, number of capsules per plant, and kernel size. However, it didn’t significantly increase seed yield and oil content on linseed. Considering its influence on increasing biomass yield and improving yield components, application of 5?kg?P?ha^?1 has been recommended for replenishing the extracted P, maintaining soil fertility and improving linseed production on Nitisols of southeastern Ethiopian highlands and other similar agro-ecologies.  相似文献