Field testing the influence of sperm competition based on sperm mobility in breeder turkey toms     

Donoghue AM  Kirby JD  Froman DP  Lerner SP  Crouch AN  King LM  Donoghue DJ  Sonstegard TS 《British poultry science》2003,44(3):498-504

1. Commercial reproduction of turkeys relies on pooling of semen from multiple males for inseminations. Understanding how sperm characteristics influence paternity under commercial breeding conditions is important to improving production efficiency. 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate progeny production of individual toms following commercial practices of pooling semen to determine if sperm mobility influences progeny production in field conditions. 3. A total of 104 toms were evaluated for sperm mobility. A subset of 10 toms were housed together and semen was collected, pooled and used to inseminate hens (n = 28). Hens were inseminated at 30 weeks of age and weekly thereafter. 4. Ejaculates from each tom were evaluated on two separate days for sperm mobility. Semen from each tom was diluted and layered upon 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz solution. The sperm suspension was incubated at 41 degrees C for 5 min and absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer. 5. Toms were ranked by absorbance and categorised as high or low if mobility score was +/- 1 SD from the flock mean (average). 6. For parentage determination, DNA was extracted from tom, hen and poult blood. Poult parentage (n = 276) was determined at one day of age or at 14 weeks by analysis of marker genotypes that were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA with selected microsatellite markers. 7. Sperm mobility differed across males with absorbance values ranging from 0.147 to 0.366. 8. Findings demonstrate differences in poult production among individual toms when semen from multiple males was pooled and inseminated. Toms classified as high, average and low produced 55, 41 and 4% of the offspring, respectively. 9. It appears that sperm mobility is a trait that influences sperm competition among toms under field conditions where sperm numbers inseminated from individual toms are not controlled or constant and that toms with low sperm mobility produce few offspring.  相似文献   

Evaluation of hepatitis E virus infection between different production systems of pigs in Brazil     

Marconni Victor da Costa Lana  Noemi Rovaris Gardinali  Raquel Aparecida Sales da Cruz  Letícya Lerner Lopes  Gustavo Sousa Silva  João Garcia Caramori Júnior  Anderson Castro Soares de Oliveira  Marcos de Almeida Souza  Edson Moleta Colodel  Amauri Alcindo Alfieri  Caroline Argenta Pescador 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):399-404

The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs from large-scale and family-scale farms, (2) genetically characterize the strains isolated, and (3) study the pathogenesis of swine HEV infection via immunohistochemistry. A total of 50 pigs from 10 farms in Mato Grosso State, Brazil were divided according to type of production system into either large-scale farms (n?=?5) or family-scale farms (n?=?5). Samples of liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines, bile, and feces from the pigs were analyzed by nested PCR with primers targeting the ORF2 region of HEV and by immunohistochemistry. Of the eight HEV-positive samples from pigs of family-scale farms, phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven of the swine HEV isolates clustered with subtype 3b of genotype 3 and one isolate was categorized with subtype 3 f. The HEV antigen was detected mainly in the small intestine samples from family-scale farms, suggesting an early stage HEV infection. HEV was not detected in the samples of pigs from large-scale farms, reinforcing the need for additional studies to evaluate the risk of transmission of HEV to humans from pigs from family-scale farms in Mato Grosso State.  相似文献   

Acquired resistance to the 16-membered macrolides tylosin and tilmicosin by Mycoplasma bovis     

Uri Lerner  Eytan Amram  Roger D. Ayling  Inna Mikula  Irena Gerchman  Shimon Harrus  Dina Teff  David Yogev  Inna Lysnyansky 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):365-371

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Effect of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on rhizobacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis     

Anat Lerner  Ezekiel Baudoin  Yvan Moenne-Loccoz  Edouard Jurkevitch 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(6):1212-1218

Nucleic acid-based techniques allow the exploration of microbial communities in the environments such as the rhizosphere. Azospirillumbrasilense, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), causes morphological changes in the plant root system. These changes in root physiology may indirectly affect the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere. In this study, the changes in the rhizobacterial structure following A. brasilense inoculation of maize (Zea mays) plants was examined by PCR-denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), using two universal primers sets for the 16S rRNA gene, and an intergenic 16S-23S rDNA primer set, respectively. Similar results were obtained when using either ARISA or DGGE performed with these different primer sets, and analyzed by different statistical methods: no prominent effect of A. brasilense inoculation was observed on the bacterial communities of plant roots grown in two different soils and in different growth systems. In contrast, plant age caused significant shifts in the bacterial populations.  相似文献   

Evidence for ozone formation in human atherosclerotic arteries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wentworth P  Nieva J  Takeuchi C  Galve R  Wentworth AD  Dilley RB  DeLaria GA  Saven A  Babior BM  Janda KD  Eschenmoser A  Lerner RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5647):1053-1056

Here, we report evidence for the production of ozone in human disease. Signature products unique to cholesterol ozonolysis are present within atherosclerotic tissue at the time of carotid endarterectomy, suggesting that ozone production occurred during lesion development. Furthermore, advanced atherosclerotic plaques generate ozone when the leukocytes within the diseased arteries are activated in vitro. The steroids produced by cholesterol ozonolysis cause effects that are thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including cytotoxicity, lipid-loading in macrophages, and deformation of the apolipoprotein B-100 secondary structure. We propose the trivial designation "atheronals" for this previously unrecognized class of steroids.  相似文献   

Quantitative aspects of plasma membrane-associated immunoglobulin in clones of diploid human lymphocytes   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

R A Lerner  P J McConahey  F J Dixon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,173(991):60-62

The amount of kappa and lambda chains and Fc fragment associated with the plasma membrane and in the entire cell has been measured for eight lines of human lymphocytes and 21 clones derived from two diploid lines. There was considerable variation in the nature and amount of membrane-associated immunoglobulin and total immunoglobulin among different cell lines and clones. Cells with different phenotypes for membrane-associated immunoglobulin were utilized to show that it is not simply absorbed from the culture medium onto the plasma membrane. The methods are useful for selecting variants which lack or have altered membrane-associated immunoglobulin.  相似文献   

Generation of a large combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage lambda   总被引：77，自引：0，他引：77  

W D Huse  L Sastry  S A Iverson  A S Kang  M Alting-Mees  D R Burton  S J Benkovic  R A Lerner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4935):1275-1281

A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.  相似文献   

Antibodies to peptides detect new hepatitis B antigen: serological correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

A M Moriarty  H Alexander  R A Lerner  G B Thornton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4685):429-433

The expression of a previously unidentified gene product, encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, has been achieved with a recombinant SV40 expression vector. Antibodies against synthetic peptides representing defined regions of this protein were used to screen cells infected with recombinant virus as well as tissues naturally infected with HBV. A 24,000-dalton protein (p24) was detected in cells infected with recombinant virus and a 28,000-dalton protein (p28) was detected in tissues infected with HBV. The peptides or recombinant-derived protein were used as antigens to screen sera from individuals infected with HBV. Specific antibodies were detected predominantly in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of p28 in tissues infected with HBV and the appearance of specific antibodies in infectious sera establish the existence of an additional marker for HBV infection.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of antibody binding to a protein   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

E D Getzoff  H M Geysen  S J Rodda  H Alexander  J A Tainer  R A Lerner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4793):1191-1196

The mechanisms of antibody binding to a protein were studied by an analysis of specific amino acid residues critical to nine antigenic sites on myohemerythrin. Rabbit antisera to the whole protein were assayed for binding to more than 1500 distinct peptide analogs differing from the protein sequence by single amino acid replacements. The results, combined with information from the three-dimensional crystallographic structure, were used to evaluate probable mechanisms of antibody binding at individual sites. The data from all sites examined indicate that initial binding to solvent-exposed amino acid residues may promote local side-chain displacements and thereby allow the participation of other, previously buried, residues.  相似文献   

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO FOWL PARALYSIS (NEUROLYMPHOMATOSIS GALLINARUM)     

Biely J  Palmer VE  Lerner IM  Asmundson VS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1933,78(2011):42

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