Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation     

Lindsay M. Clontz  Anni Yang  Sarah M. Chinn  Kim M. Pepin  Kurt C. VerCauteren  George Wittemyer  Ryan S. Miller  James C. Beasley 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3819-3829

Background

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.

Results

We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

东北虎γ-干扰素基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及其在毕赤酵母中的表达     

翟俊琼  吴亚江  代军威  陈安妮  周妞  王晨  杜雪晴  罗满林  陈武 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,(1)

本试验旨在通过克隆东北虎γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)基因,研究其分子特征并预测蛋白生物学功能,为后续研究干扰素抗病毒活性做前期准备。通过RT-PCR从ConA诱导过的东北虎血淋巴细胞中扩增东北虎IFN-γ基因并测序,应用生物信息学方法进行序列分析。结果表明:东北虎IFN-γ编码区由504个核苷酸组成,共编码167个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量为19.59 ku,等电点为9.03,所编码的蛋白为碱性亲水性蛋白,其中前23个氨基酸可能为信号肽,IFN-γ编码蛋白保守结构域为IFN-γ超家族,且存在跨膜结构,其中1-6位氨基酸为胞内区域,7-28位氨基酸为跨膜区域,29-167位氨基酸为胞外区域;IFN-γ编码蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋(58.08%)和无规则卷曲(33.53%)为主,存在5个潜在的B细胞抗原表位,3个潜在的N-糖基化位点;分子进化分析显示,东北虎IFN-γ与GenBank上发表的东北虎、非洲狮、金钱豹、美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、加拿大猞猁、野猪等的核苷酸相似性为80.4%~99.8%,氨基酸相似性为70.5%~100%,东北虎IFN-γ与非洲狮、金钱豹亲缘关系最近,美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、猞猁次之,野猪最远。通过合成改造后的东北虎IFN-γ基因,构建能表达IFN-γ蛋白的重组质粒pPIC9K-IFN-γ,将其导入高效表达系统-毕赤酵母中进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达蛋白的分子量约17.8 ku,与预期大小相符,表明东北虎IFN-γ成功表达。  相似文献   

Type 3 Diplococcus Pneumonia in Laboratory Rats          下载免费PDF全文

H. Baer  Anni Preiser 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1969,33(2):113-117

An acute respiratory disease, due to Diplococcus pneumoniae type 3, affecting Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats is described. The infection was experimentally transmitted to Sprague-Dawley rats. The zoonotic potential of the condition dictated euthanasia of affected animals and instigation of rigid sanitary measures.  相似文献   

Use of plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate to estimate renal clearance during postnatal development in pigs     

Eskild-Jensen A  Rehling M  Nielsen AS  Nielsen LE  Frøkiaer J 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(8):1203-1206

OBJECTIVE: To compare renal clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate with plasma clearance by use of a glomerular filtration rate technique in pigs from 3 to 24 weeks of age. Animals: 24 female pigs. Procedure: At the time of investigation, 5 pigs were 3 weeks old, 6 pigs were 6 weeks old, 8 pigs were 12 weeks old, and 5 pigs were 24 weeks old. Plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate was measured by the use of a single injection technique followed by collection of multiple blood samples until 5 hours after the injection. Simultaneously, urine was collected through a urinary catheter, and the renal clearance of technetiumTc 99m pentetate was calculated. Plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate was correlated with the renal clearance (r = 0.95). Plasma clearance was higher than renal clearance at all ages (mean, 5.8%), indicating extrarenal clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate or methodologic errors. Volume of distribution increased with increasing age but decreased as a fraction of body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate estimates renal clearance with acceptable precision when using single injection technique and multiple biood samples in pigs from 3 to 24 weeks of age.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen über Maikäfer und Engerlinge     

H. Blunck  E. Meyer  W. Neu 《Journal of pest science》1939,15(6):61-67

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Acceleration of N mineralization by release of enzymes and substrates from soil mineral particles with phosphates     

Anni Kokkonen  Martti Esala  Erkki Aura 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(3):504-508

A study was conducted to develop an improved method for measuring organic N (net) mineralization in which chemical extraction takes place in combination with suspension incubation in ammonia-absorbing membrane bottles. To obtain direct evidence of the extent to which extracted organic N is mineralizable, the extraction suspension was further incubated immediately after the extraction procedure with mild and selective extractants. In this ‘extraction incubation’ method, extraction continues during the incubation but only relatively easily mineralizable organic matter is released. Standard incubation is usually carried out in sealed N₂-flushed bottles. However, when phosphate or pyrophosphate soil suspensions are incubated, mineralization is much higher than in soil water suspensions. Further, accumulation of ammonia+(ammonium) and other gases, i.e. CO_2, can affect the reaction rate and final reaction equilibrium in the sealed incubation flask. It was to avoid these effects that the membrane method was developed. With this procedure, the flask is closed with an ammonia-absorbing membrane permeable to other gases. Water, phosphate and pyrophosphate suspensions were incubated at 37 °C in sealed bottles (SB), in sealed N₂ gas-flushed bottles (SBN₂), and in bottles with ammonia-trapping filters (MB). The maximum amount of released during 10 days' incubation was 133.0 mg kg⁻¹ in the water, 208.0 mg kg⁻¹ in the phosphate and 454.1 mg kg⁻¹ in the pyrophosphate suspension (soil total C content 6.2% and N 0.25%). During incubation in phosphate and pyrophosphate suspensions, the mobilization was nearly linear in membrane bottles. The variation between replicates was also smallest in these bottles. It was concluded that membrane bottles were best suited to incubation when mobilization reactions were accelerated with phosphate or pyrophosphate extractants. The method was easy to perform and gave results with good replicability.  相似文献   

泉州市农村科技信息网络构建与应用     

邱美琴  李朝灿  林铭沥  黄爱民  黄安妮  张毓琪  郑炯 《农业网络信息》2012,(3):106-110

应用现代信息技术构建了泉州市农村科技信息网及其网络信息服务系统,开发了专题数据库,为＂三农＂提供网上信息服务,促进科技信息进村入户到企,助推海西现代农业发展和新农村建设。  相似文献   

Retained Woody Structure in 1- to 2-Year-Old Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations in Mississippi,Louisiana, and Arkansas: Implications for Wildlife Conservation     

Justin Neu  Stephen Demarais  Andrew W. Ezell  Samuel K. Riffell  T. Bently Wigley 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2):152-172

Information regarding how site preparation techniques affect residual woody structure is lacking for the southern United States in spite of the importance of such structure for many wildlife species. Therefore, we documented retained structure in young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established using four common site preparation regimes: mechanical only, chemical only, chemical + mechanical, or chemical + prescribed burning. Herbicides reduced live tree density and increased snag density relative to mechanical methods. Prescribed burning reduced density of coarse woody debris (CWD) along with density and volume of piled CWD relative to chemical and mechanical methods. Our results provide a baseline for further studies of wildlife and retained structure in southern pine forests.  相似文献   

Socio-economic factors influencing control of vector-borne diseases in the pastoralist system of south western Uganda     

Mugisha A  McLeod A  Percy R  Kyewalabye E 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(4):287-297

Research in control of tick-borne diseases and trypanosomosis, and their vectors, namely, ticks and tsetse flies respectively, has been on going for decades. However, very little attention has been paid to the socio-economic factors that are likely to influence the outcome of the interventions in the control of these diseases. Thus, this study was designed to investigate these factors, mainly the intra-household factors influencing decision-making in the control of Vector-borne diseases in the pastoralist areas of Uganda. These factors included: indigenous technical knowledge, household economic factors, and gender. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The tools used for data collection included among others, participatory learning and action (PLA), and Case studies. The findings included the following: In pastoralist households, a big proportion of the household budget was allocated to vector-borne diseases control. In the male-headed households, men dominated decision-making on vector-borne diseases control, although the goals and priorities of men and women in these households were not the same. Also, vector-borne disease control was predominantly by use of modern veterinary drugs, and pastoralists treated sick cattle by themselves even in situations where there were veterinary personnel.  相似文献   

Agricultural suitability of degraded Acrisols and Lixisols of former tea lands in Sri Lanka     

Johannes Botschek  Anni Neu  Armin Skowronek  Ananda N. Jayakody 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1998,161(6):627-632

Physical and chemical soil degradation hinder the introduction of mixed cropping systems on former tea lands in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. For instance on two typical soil catenas soil properties such as texture, pH, acidity parameters, pedogenic oxides and available plant nutrients indicating fertility are presented. Obviously Al³⁺ occupies a larger part of the exchange complex and accounts for more soil acidity than H⁺. Al toxicity is hence a major restricting factor for plant growth in the area. The investigated data also permit an evaluation of soil erodibility and a soil fertility assessment according to the Fertility Capability Classification System (Sanchez et al., 1982). Agricultural measures to reduce soil acidity and cover the lime requirements of the soils are advised. Additional soil conservation measures should diminish soil erosion in order to improve the sustainability of the cropping systems.  相似文献