Considerations on ethics and animal welfare in extensive pig production: Breeding and fattening Iberian pigs     

M.A. Aparicio Tovar  J.D. Vargas Giraldo 《Livestock Science》2006,103(3):237

The extensive pig production in Spain is traditionally characterised by: the use of the Iberian pig, an autochthonous breed perfectly integrated into the environment in which they have developed; a long duration of the productive cycle for about 23–24 months; a high level of animal welfare level, specially in the fattening process with freedom of movement and feeding base on natural sources: acorns and grass, and an equilibrated “dehesa” agro-forestry system where this activity has been developed. Nowadays, the introduction of more intensificated methods due to the increasing demand led to important changes, such as: the shortening of the productive cycle (10–12 months); freeing from the territorial base; changes during the fattening period, fattening with mixed feed and less animal freedom. All these facts may implicate a loss of the animal welfare condition. These circumstances lead us to question it from an ethical point of view.  相似文献   

Red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) management in the dehesa system in Central Extremadura,Spain     

J. D. Vargas  J. C. Calvo  M. A. Aparicio 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,29(1):77-89

In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the deer management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.

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Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la dehesa como hábitat del ciervo (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Se ha tomado como referencia una finca cerrada de 4300 ha de ST situada en la Sierra de San Pedro, en Extremadura, España. Se describen los sistemas de gestión actuales del ciervo en cuanto a hábitat, modo de explotación, alimentación, control de población y producción de bienes y servicios. Concluyendo con la necesidad de fomentar este tipo de explotaciones cinegéticas de dehesa que ayudan a conservar y potenciar el medio ambiente en zonas despobladas y deprimidas

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Abbreviations CS collected surface - DMFCU deedmixed feed cattle units - Fi final inventory - FS fertilized surface - Ii Initial inventory - K Potassium - N Nitrogen - NBF number of breeding females - NBFIi number of breeding females of initial inventory - NBFR number of breeding females released - NBM number of breeding males - NBMIi number of breeding males of initial inventory - NBMR number of breeding males released - NCCR number of captive calves released - NCFi number of calves of final inventory - NCR number of calves released - NFR number of female renovation - NYMR number of young males released - NYFR number of young females released - P phosphorus - PP permanent Pastures - pts pesetas - QS Quercus stalks - RDED resources directly eaten by deer - SPOM selected hunted down poor quality males - SS sowed surface - TN total needs of deer - TNR total number released - UAS useable agrarian surface - WB wooded brush - WQS wooded Quercus surface - WS wooded surface  相似文献   

Volumetric properties of sunflower methyl ester oil at high pressure     

Aparicio C  Guignon B  Rodríguez-Antón LM  Sanz PD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7394-7398

Biodiesel is an alternative to diesel oil (DO), because it is a fuel obtained from renewable resources that has lower emissions than DO. Biomass production should promote agricultural activity to obtain fuels for the transport sector. The study of the behavior of biodiesel at varying pressure and temperature is very interesting because diesel engines are mechanical systems that work with fuels submitted to high pressure. The specific volume, isothermal compressibility, and cubic expansion coefficients of refined sunflower methyl ester oil (SMEO) and unrefined sunflower methyl ester oil (URSMEO) were obtained and compared with those of DO from 0.1 to 350 MPa and 288.15 to 328.15 K. This work shows that oil refinement did not significantly modify any of the properties studied of the final biodiesel. Compared with DO, both SMEOs were about 6% denser, whereas isothermal compressibility and cubic expansion coefficients were bigger or smaller for DO depending on pressure and temperature.  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of a fish‐based index to assess biological integrity of Mediterranean streams     

Enric Aparicio  Gerard Carmona‐Catot  Peter B. Moyle  Emili García‐Berthou 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(4):324-337

Analysis of virgin olive oil volatiles by a novel electronic nose based on a miniaturized SAW sensor array coupled with SPME enhanced headspace enrichment     

García-González DL  Barie N  Rapp M  Aparicio R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7475-7479

A novel electronic nose based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor array has been used to analyze different quality virgin olive oils. A mathematical model was designed with 37 samples to distinguish lampante from the other virgin olive oils categories (extra-virgin and virgin), because lampante-virgin olive oils cannot be consumed without a previous refining process. The model, successfully validated with a test set of 16 samples, was able to classify 90% of the samples correctly. Misclassifications were explained by SPME-HRGC analyses and a second sensory evaluation.  相似文献   

Detection of rancid defect in virgin olive oil by the electronic nose   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aparicio R  Rocha SM  Delgadillo I  Morales MT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(3):853-860

A sensor array of 32 conducting polymer sensors has been used to detect the rancid defect in virgin olive oils. A training set, composed of admixtures of a Portuguese virgin olive oil with different percentages (0-100%) of a rancid standard oil, was used for the selection of the best sensors classifying correctly the samples. Information on volatile compounds responsible for rancidity and the sensory evaluation of samples by assessors were used for explaining the mathematical selection of sensors. A tentative calibration, using unsupervised procedures (PCA and MDS) and a nonlinear regression, was carried out, with the training set, and later confirmed with a test set with which rancid commercial samples of different varieties were used to spike a Greek extra virgin olive oil at low levels of rancidity (0.5-6%).  相似文献   

Changes in soil nutrient content and bacterial community after 12 years of organic amendment application to a vineyard          下载免费PDF全文

M. E. Calleja‐Cervantes  A. J. Fernández‐González  I. Irigoyen  J. F. Cibriáin‐Sabalza  N. Toro  P. M. Aparicio‐Tejo  M. Fernández‐López 《European Journal of Soil Science》2015,66(4):802-812

An interesting alternative to landfills for disposing of organic residues is their addition to soil as composted organic residues. There is little information available about the long‐term benefits following prolonged periods of application. After 12 years of annual incorporation of organic amendments to the soil of a vineyard, three soil characteristics were analysed: mineral content, bacterial community and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The organic amendments were (i) a pelletized organic compost (PEL) made from plant, animal and sewage sludge residues, (ii) a compost made from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF‐MSW) and (iii) a stabilized sheep manure compost (SMC). Mineral fertilizer (NPK) and an unaltered control treatment were also included. Our results showed that long‐term application of treated residues as compost changed soil nutrient content, bacterial community and gas emission rates. For instance, SMC increased nutrients and soil organic matter (OM) throughout the experiment. There was a change in bacterial community structure, with an increase in the phylum Proteobacteria observed for all four treated soils, and an increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes for PEL, OF‐MSW and SMC treatments. Among the organically‐amended soils, the amount of Adhaeribacter increased by a factor of 2.5 times more than the control, which reported a total of 2.0% of the bacterial community compared with 5.6% for PEL, 5.2% for OF‐MSW and 5.0% for SMC. Adhaeribacter may be a genus that specializes in the degradation of residues in the different composts. The SMC treatment had the largest Chao1 estimator and was the most biodiverse of all treatments. These changes in bacterial community structure did not correlate with the observed GHG fluxes from the sampling day. The application of amendments did not affect N₂O fluxes. However, the application of treatments slightly reduced the capacity for CH₄ sequestration by soil with respect to the untreated soils. Compost is an effective method to increase soil fertility. Soil GHG emissions should be further evaluated.  相似文献   

Changes induced by UV radiation during virgin olive oil storage     

Luna G  Morales MT  Aparicio R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(13):4790-4794

The effects of UV radiation on the chemical and sensory characteristics of virgin olive oils (cv. Arbequina and Picual) were assessed. Even small doses of UV radiation induced oxidation of the virgin olive oil samples. Total phenols and fatty acids contents decreased during the process as well as the intensity of the bitter and fruity sensory attributes, while the intensity of the rancid sensory attribute notably increased. Acetaldehyde, 2-butenal, 2-pentenal, octane, octanal, hexanal, nonanal, and 2-decenal were the volatile compounds most affected, showing an important increase during the irradiation process. Nonanal, hexanal, and pentanal showed high correlation with the rancid sensory attribute (90%, 86%, and 86%, respectively). 2-Decenal and nonanal concentrations allowed us to predict the alteration level of the samples by mean of multiple Ridge regression.  相似文献   

Apoptosis related protein profile in cooled stallion semen     

J.M. Gallardo-BolañosA. Morillo-Rodriguez  C. Balao-da SilvaC. Ortega-Ferrusola  M. Plaza-DávilaA. Miro-Morán  J.A. TapiaI.M. Aparicio  F.J. Peña 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Response and effect traits of arable weeds in agro‐ecosystems: a review of current knowledge          下载免费PDF全文

S Gaba  R Perronne  G Fried  A Gardarin  F Bretagnolle  L Biju‐Duval  N Colbach  S Cordeau  M Fernández‐Aparicio  C Gauvrit  S Gibot‐Leclerc  J‐P Guillemin  D Moreau  N Munier‐Jolain  F Strbik  X Reboud 《Weed Research》2017,57(3):123-147

Integrating principles of ecological intensification into weed management strategies requires an understanding of the many relationships among weeds, crops and other organisms of agro‐ecosystems in a changing context. Extensively used during the last two decades in weed science, trait‐based approaches have provided general insights into weed community response to agricultural practices, and recently to understanding the effect of weeds on agro‐ecosystem functioning. In this review, we provide a holistic synthesis of the current knowledge on weed response and effect functional traits. Based on the literature and recent advances in weed science, we review current knowledge on (i) weed functional groups and ecological strategies, (ii) weed functional response traits to cropping systems and (iii) weed functional effect traits affecting agro‐ecosystem functioning. For each functional trait, we explicitly present the assumptions and evidence on the linkage between trait values and ecological functions, in response to either management practices, for example tillage, sowing and herbicides, or biotic interactions, for example crop–weed competition and pollination. Finally, we address and discuss major research avenues that may significantly improve the use of traits and the knowledge of functional diversity in weed science for the future, especially to design and implement more environmentally sustainable weed management strategies.  相似文献