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1.
Hideki Takahashi Ayano Shimizu Tsutomu Arie Syofi Rosmalawati Sumire Fukushima Mari Kikuchi Yasufumi Hikichi Ayami Kanda Akiko Takahashi Akinori Kiba Kohei Ohnishi Yuki Ichinose Fumiko Taguchi Chihiro Yasuda Motoichiro Kodama Mayumi Egusa Chikara Masuta Hiroyuki Sawada Daisuke Shibata Koichi Hori Yuichiro Watanabe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):8-22
Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar Micro-Tom is a miniature tomato with many advantages for studies of the molecular biology and physiology of plants. To evaluate the suitability of Micro-Tom as a host plant for the study of pathogenesis, Micro-Tom plants were inoculated with 16 well-known fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of tomato. Athelia rolfsii, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Oidium sp., Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused typical symptoms and sporulated abundantly on Micro-Tom. Micro-Tom was resistant to Alternaria alternata, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium oxysporum. When Micro-Tom was inoculated with 17 isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum, many isolates induced wilt symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens also was pathogenic, causing crown galls on stem tissue after needle prick inoculation. In Micro-Tom sprayed with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, P. s. pv. tabaci, or P. s. pv. glycinea, bacterial populations did not increase, and yellow lesions appeared only on leaves sprayed with P. s. pv. tomato. Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato aspermy virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus systemically infected Micro-Tom, which developed symptoms characteristic of other cultivars of tomato after infection with the respective virus. These results indicated that Micro-Tom was generally susceptible to most of the important tomato pathogens and developed typical symptoms, whereas certain pathogens were restricted by either hypersensitive resistance or nonhost resistance on Micro-Tom. Therefore, an assortment of Micro-Tom–pathogen systems should provide excellent models for studying the mechanism of susceptible and resistant interactions between plants and pathogens. 相似文献
2.
Classification of Dutch and German avian reoviruses by sequencing the sigma C protein 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kant A Balk F Born L van Roozelaar D Heijmans J Gielkens A ter Huurne A 《Veterinary research》2003,34(2):203-212
We have amplified, cloned and sequenced (part of) the open reading frame of the S1 segment encoding the sigma C protein of avian reoviruses isolated from chickens with different disease conditions in Germany and The Netherlands during 1980 up to 2000. These avian reoviruses were analysed phylogenetically and compared with sequences of avian reoviruses in the Genbank database. The avian reoviruses could be grouped in 5 different genotyping clusters and this classification was identical when the sequences were compared of the 5' end, the 3' end or the whole open reading frame of the sigma C protein. Therefore sequencing of either part of the gene encoding the sigma C protein seems to be reliable for classification. We were unable to identify a correlation between sigma C sequences of the avian reoviruses and the disease condition they were isolated from. The sequences found in The Netherlands and in Germany are, like those in Taiwan, more dispersed than the known avian reovirus sigma C sequences in the USA and Australia. We did not establish temporal or geographic differences in the avian reoviruses studied. 相似文献
3.
Akens MK von RB Bittmann P Nadler D Zlinszky K Auer JA 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(1):39-45
Bovine articular cartilage was photo-oxidized and cultured with native articular bovine cartilage and synovial membrane to study the interaction between these tissues mimicking the physiological situation in the joint. The photo-oxidation was applied as a pretreatment of cartilage for future use in cartilage resurfacing procedures in joints. Properties of the transplant were assessed by testing the production of local mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and neutral metalloproteinase activities under normal conditions and after stimulation with various stimulants representative of inflammatory changes in pathophysiological conditions. Unlike normal cartilage photo-oxidized cartilage did not release significant amounts of NO and PGE2 and showed less gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activity compared to native bovine articular cartilage. Enzyme activity of the combined cultures was at a level intermediate between that of photo-oxidized cartilage and native cartilage cultures alone. In contrast to normal cartilage, living chondrocytes were not visible in photo-oxidized cartilage using live/dead staining. These results indicate, that the photo-oxidized cartilage may have a beneficial effect on adjacent native host cartilage and therefore be a suitable transplant for use in in vivo experiments. 相似文献
4.
The pathogenic type (form and race) of Fusarium oxysporum, which generates wilt symptoms on tomato, was rapidly identified with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique.
We compared the partial nucleotide sequences of endo polygalacturonase (pg1) and exo polygalacturonase (pgx4) genes from isolates of F. oxysporum ff. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and radicis-lycopersici (FORL) from Japan and designed specific primer sets (uni, sp13, sp23, and sprl) based on the nucleotide differences that appeared
among the pathogenic types. PCR with the uni primer set amplified a 670∼672-bp fragment from all isolates of FOL and FORL. With the sp13 primer set, an amplicon of 445 bp was obtained only from isolates of FOL race 1 and 3. With the sp23 primer set, a 518-bp fragment was obtained from isolates of FOL race 2 and 3. The sprl primer set yielded a 947-bp fragment from isolates of FORL, but not from FOL. A combination of amplifications with these primer sets effectively differentiated the pathogenic types of F. oxysporum in tomato. 相似文献
5.
通过在三种杨树无性系,I-214(Populus×euranericanacv.I-214)(ltalica)、中东杨(P.berolinensis)(Berolinensis)和群众杨(P.popularis35-44)(Popularis)一年生盆栽插条苗的木质部导入ABA和细胞分裂素,研究了这两类激素在气孔调控中的作用。尽管不同无性系的气孔在对ABA的敏感性上存在显著差异,但ABA仍可导致气孔的关闭,然而在蒸腾流中的细胞分裂素(与ABA共导入或分别导入)可以明显地抑制ABA的作用。并且玉米素还能推迟土壤干旱所诱导的气孔关闭,在水分胁迫条件下,内源细胞分裂素浓度下降而同时ABA上升.据此提出了复合胁迫信号的概念,即在根冠通讯中,是ABA和细胞分裂素共同调控气孔的运动。另外还研究了玉米素、激动素、6-BA等不同细胞分裂素与ABA的相互作用,结果发现6-BA与玉米素和激动素的作用相反,它不能抑制ABA的作用,反而促进其对气孔的关闭 相似文献
6.
Frits Franssen Gunita Deksne Zanda Esíte Arie Havelaar Arno Swart Joke van der Giessen 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)
Freezing of fox carcasses to minimize professional hazard of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis is recommended in endemic areas, but this could influence the detection of Trichinella larvae in the same host species. A method based on artificial digestion of frozen fox muscle, combined with larva isolation by a sequential sieving method (SSM), was validated using naturally infected foxes from Latvia. The validated SSM was used to detect dead Trichinella muscle larvae (ML) in frozen muscle samples of 369 red foxes from the Netherlands, of which one fox was positive (0.067 larvae per gram). This result was compared with historical Trichinella findings in Dutch red foxes. Molecular analysis using 5S PCR showed that both T. britovi and T. nativa were present in the Latvian foxes, without mixed infections. Of 96 non-frozen T. britovi ML, 94% was successfully sequenced, whereas this was the case for only 8.3% of 72 frozen T. britovi ML. The single Trichinella sp. larva that was recovered from the positive Dutch fox did not yield PCR product, probably due to severe freeze-damage. In conclusion, the SSM presented in this study is a fast and effective method to detect dead Trichinella larvae in frozen meat. We showed that the Trichinella prevalence in Dutch red fox was 0.27% (95% CI 0.065-1.5%), in contrast to 3.9% in the same study area fifteen years ago. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the efficacy of 5S PCR for identification of Trichinella britovi single larvae from frozen meat is not more than 8.3%. 相似文献
7.
A simulation of the effects of predation intensity on zooplankton composition in brackish water nursery ponds was carried out in order to address the problem that commercial fish nurseries encounter in obtaining enough zooplankton of adequate species composition and size when fish larvae start to feed. The experimental system consisted of twelve 130 l containers with treatments of four densities (0, 1, 2, or 4 larvae l−1) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), stocked on the 6th day after filling the containers. Zooplankton-environment relationships were explored using factor analysis. Factor analysis allowed identifying several groups of zooplankters that responded in different ways to fish larvae predation pressure. The first factor represented a general measurement of rotifer abundance, and the second identified the direct effect of size-selective fish predation. Since no rotifers were present in the filling water, all these species were autochthonous populations that hatched from resting forms in the sediment and reproduced. In the absence of fish predation, this led to a steep rotifer increase. Fish predation started when the rotifer concentration was just starting to increase and their direct predation reduced and delayed the rotifer abundance peak. This effect increased with the increase in fish larvae density. Estimations of rotifer consumption by fish larvae in this experiment were higher than similar calculations from data of the literature, which led us to test the hypothesis that factors other than direct predation were affecting rotifer population dynamics. The mechanisms involved in rotifer population regulation are discussed. It was concluded that in commercial nurseries, increased larvae production can be achieved by keeping the larvae density at an intermediate level and stocking fish to match the increasing phase of the rotifer peak. Under reasonable larvae density (up to 2 l−1) it seems that the direct predation effect of fish larvae on rotifer dynamics is minor, compared to fish induced self regulation. 相似文献
8.
Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation
Sato Y Iketani M Kurihara Y Yamaguchi M Yamashita N Nakamura F Arie Y Kawasaki T Hirata T Abe T Kiyonari H Strittmatter SM Goshima Y Takei K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6043):769-773
Neural circuitry formation depends on the molecular control of axonal projection during development. By screening with fluorophore-assisted light inactivation in the developing mouse brain, we identified cartilage acidic protein-1B as a key molecule for lateral olfactory tract (LOT) formation and named it LOT usher substance (LOTUS). We further identified Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) as a LOTUS-binding protein. NgR1 is a receptor of myelin-derived axon growth inhibitors, such as Nogo, which prevent neural regeneration in the adult. LOTUS suppressed Nogo-NgR1 binding and Nogo-induced growth cone collapse. A defasciculated LOT was present in lotus-deficient mice but not in mice lacking both lotus- and ngr1. These findings suggest that endogenous antagonism of NgR1 by LOTUS is crucial for normal LOT formation. 相似文献
9.
K Hirschhorn H L Nadler W I Waithe B I Brown R Hirschhorn 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,166(913):1632-1633
A technique has been developed for the detection of inborn errors by multiple enzyme analysis of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. Its practicality has been demonstrated in Pompe's disease in which there is a deficiency of acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase (E.C.3.2.1.20). 相似文献
10.
Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in X inactivation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plath K Fang J Mlynarczyk-Evans SK Cao R Worringer KA Wang H de la Cruz CC Otte AP Panning B Zhang Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5616):131-135
The Polycomb group (PcG) protein Eed is implicated in regulation of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic cells but not of random X inactivation in embryonic cells. The Drosophila homolog of the Eed-Ezh2 PcG protein complex achieves gene silencing through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3-K27), which suggests a role for H3-K27 methylation in imprinted X inactivation. Here we demonstrate that transient recruitment of the Eed-Ezh2 complex to the inactive X chromosome (Xi) occurs during initiation of X inactivation in both extraembryonic and embryonic cells and is accompanied by H3-K27 methylation. Recruitment of the complex and methylation on the Xi depend on Xist RNA but are independent of its silencing function. Together, our results suggest a role for Eed-Ezh2-mediated H3-K27 methylation during initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation and demonstrate that H3-K27 methylation is not sufficient for silencing of the Xi. 相似文献