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Metal cations were quantitatively detected by atomic absorption spectrometry in samples of olive oil mill waste waters obtained by a pressure process (omww(1)) (K, 17.1; Mg, 2.72; Ca, 2.24; Na, 0.40; Fe, 0.123; Zn, 0.0630; Mn, 0.0147; Cu, 0.00860 g L(-)(1)) and a centrifugation process (omww(2)) (K, 9.80; Mg, 1.65; Ca, 1.35; Na, 0. 162; Fe, 0.0330; Zn, 0.0301; Mn, 0.00910; Cu, 0.00980 g L(-)(1)). The inorganic anions, determined in the same samples by ion chromatography, proved to be Cl(-), H(2)PO(4)(-), F(-), SO(4)(2)(-), and NO(3)(-) (1.61, 1.05, 0.66, 0.52, and 0.023 g L(-)(1), respectively, in omww(1) and 0.61, 0.40, 0.25, 0.20, and 0.0090 g L(-)(1), respectively, in omww(2)). Most of the metal cations were revealed to be bound to the omww organic polymeric fraction (opf), composed of polysaccharides, phenol polymers, and proteins. Opf relative molecular weight was substantially estimated in the range between 1000 and 30000 Da for approximately 75% and in the range from 30000 to 100000 Da for approximately 25%. The free residual cations pool proved to be neutralized by the inorganic counteranions. Finally, the possible exploitation of this material in agriculture and in environmental biotechnology processes is also discussed in the light of its chemical and biochemical oxygen demand parameters. 相似文献
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Arienzo Michele Adamo Paola Rosaria Bianco Maria Violante Pietro 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,131(1-4):349-366
A study was conducted to determine the contaminantlevel of the Sarno River basin, a small creek located insouthwestern Italy. Six sampling site locations were selected tocoincide with two previous studies conducted in 1975 and 1985 toprovide a basis for comparison. For each location, twelve sampleswere collected over the period October 1997–September 1998.Results indicated a degradation in river water quality, especiallynear the mouth. This was reflected by a dissolved oxygenconcentration of about 0.8 mg L-1 near the urban areas ofScafati, Pompei and Castellamare of Stabia. At the same locations,BOD5 and COD values were two to five times higher than theallowable regulatory maximum levels, respectively. About 4 kmfrom the headwaters, the average oxygen concentration was 4.7 mgL-1, BOD5 values were close to the standard limit (37 vs 40 mg L-1), and COD values were above the standard limits(252 vs 160 mg L-1). Highest concentrations were detectedduring peak tomato production. During this time, settleable solidswere also elevated, two to six times the regulatory standard.Coliform bacteria densities were found in excess of the standardlimits at all sites. Near the head of the river, mean fecalcoliform (22,571 MPN mL-1) and streptococci densities (14,214 MPN mL-1) surpassed the regulatory level of 120 and 20 MPN mL-1, respectively, reflecting the input from the urbansettings of Sarno and agricultural fields. The heavy metaldissolved concentrations were low at all sampling sites. Most ofthe analyzed contaminants increased when comparend with 1985data. BOD5 increased 5 to 10 times at sites near the urbansettings of Scafati, Pompei and Castellamare di Stabia, whereasCOD increases were twofold at all sites. A decline of chromiumlevels was observed due to the recent effective treatment ofwaste water from the tanning plants. 相似文献
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A dark and complex metal polymeric organic mixture, named polymerin, was recovered from olive oil mill wastewaters (OMWW) and characterized by chemical analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Polymerin proved to be composed of carbohydrates (52.40 mg 100(-1), w/w), melanin (26.14 mg 100(-1)), and proteins (10.40 mg 100(-1)), and the respective composition of monosaccharides, phenols, and amino acids was determined. It also contained metals (11.06 mg 100(-1)), mainly K(+) and, to a lesser extent, Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(3+), and Cu(2+), which were naturally bound and chelated through carboxylate anions and other characteristic nucleophilic functional groups naturally occurring in polymerin. The distribution of polymerin relative molecular size was assessed to be approximately between 500.0 and 2.0 kDa by calibrated molecular weight gel filtration chromatography, indicating also that a fraction consisted of protein, melanin, and polysaccharide, strongly aggregated to each other in a supramolecular status by a combination of covalent and hydrogen bonds and CH/Pi interactions, and another fraction of only free polysaccharide. Polymerin was transformed into a potassium salt deglycosylated derivative, named KSDpolymerin, which was also characterized by chemical analysis, DRIFTS, and AAS. KSDpolymerin consisted of carbohydrates (6.00 mg 100(-1)), melanin (52.49 mg 100(-1)), and proteins (35.40 mg 100(-1)), and the composition of monosaccharides, phenols, and amino acids was determined. It also contained metals (6.11 mg 100(-1)), mainly K(+) and to a lesser extent Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+) and Fe(3+), bound as in polymerin. All the organic components were strongly linked in a supramolecular aggregate status and the relative average molecular size proved to be 6.3 kDa. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible use of such polymerins in agriculture as bioamendments and macro- and microelement biointegrators and as a biofilter for toxic metal removal, in light of their similarity with humic acids. 相似文献
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