Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holothuria spinifera</Emphasis> (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin,Tamil Nadu,India     

P. S. Asha  P. Muthiah 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(3):231-242

The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity during September and October 2001 followed by a prolonged spawning period from November 2000–March 2001.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic activity of Butea monosperma     

Prashanth D  Asha MK  Amit A  Padmaja R 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(4):421-422

The methanol extract of Butea monosperma seeds, tested in vitro, showed significant anthelmintic activity.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel     

P.S. Asha  P. Muthiah 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):823-829

For large-scale seed production of sea cucumbers through a hatchery system, it is imperative to know the effects of environmental parameters on larval rearing. Auricularia larvae (48 h post-fertilization) were obtained from induced spawning of Holothuria spinifera and used in experiments to ascertain the effects of temperature, salinity and pH on the growth and survivorship of the larvae. The larvae were reared for 12 days at temperatures of 20, 25, 28 and 32 °C; salinities of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt; and pH of 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 7.8, 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0. The highest survivorship and growth rate and fastest development of auricularia indicated that water temperature of 28–32 °C, salinity of 35 ppt and pH of 7.8 were the most suitable conditions for rearing larvae of H. spinifera.  相似文献   

Broad-few-leaflets and outwardly curved wings: two new mutants of chickpea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

P. M. Gaur  V. K. Gour 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(2):192-194

This study was aimed at the induction of morphological mutations for increasing genetic variability and making available additional genetic markers for linkage studies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A wilt‐resistant, well‐adapted chickpea cultivar of central India,‘JG 315’(Jawahar gram 315), was used for the induction of mutations. Seeds presoaked in distilled water for 2 h were treated with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) using six different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6%) and two different durations (6 and 8 h). Several morphological mutants were identified in M₂. One of the mutants, isolated from a treatment of 0.3% EMS for 8 h, had five to nine large leaflets per leaf in comparison with 11‐17 normal‐sized leaflets per leaf observed in the parental cultivar ‘JG 315′. The mutant was designated broad‐few‐leaflets. Many leaves of this mutant showed a cluster of three to five overlapping leaflets at the terminal end. The other mutant, designated outwardly curved wings, was isolated from the 0.5% EMS treatment for 6 h. In this mutant, the wings were curved outwards, exposing the keel petal, while the wings in typical chickpea flowers are incurved and enclose the keel. The lines developed from the broad‐few‐leaflets and outwardly curved wings mutants were named JGM 4 (Jawahar gram mutant 4) and JGM 5, respectively. Inheritance studies indicated that each of these mutant traits is governed by a single recessive gene. The gene for broad‐few‐leaflets was designated bfl and the gene for outwardly curved wings was designated ocw. The locus bfl was found to be linked with the locus lg (light green foliage) with a map distance of 18.7 ± 6.3 cM.  相似文献   

A gene producing one to nine flowers per flowering node in chickpea     

P.M. Gaur  V.K. Gour 《Euphytica》2002,128(2):231-235

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has a racemose type of inflorescence and at each axis of the raceme usually one or two and rarely three flowers are borne. Plants producing 3 to 9 flowers, arranged in acymose inflorescence, at many axis of the raceme, were identified in F₂ of an interspecific cross ICC 5783 (C. arietinum) × ICCW 9 (C. reticulatum)in which both the parents involved were single-flowered. A spontaneous mutation in one of the two parents or in the F₁was suspected. However, the possibility for establishment of a rare recombination of two interacting recessive genes could not be ruled out. The number of pods set varied from 0 to 5 in each cyme. Inheritance studies indicated that a single recessive gene, designated cym, is responsible for cymose inflorescence. The allelic relationship of cym with sfl, a gene for double-flowered trait, was studied from a cross involving multi flowered plants and the double-flowered line ICC 4929. Thecym gene was not allelic to sfl, suggesting that two loci control the number of flowers per peduncle in chickpea. The cym locus segregated independently of the locus sfl, ifc (inhibitor of flower color) and blv (bronze leave). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Identification of a non-redundant set of 202 in silico SSR markers and applicability of a select set in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)     

Gaurav Agarwal  Murali M. Sabbavarapu  Vikas K. Singh  Mahendar Thudi  S. Sheelamary  Pooran M. Gaur  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Euphytica》2015,205(2):381-394

  相似文献   

Estimation of genetic components of variation for salt tolerance in chickpea using the generation mean analysis     

Srinivasan Samineni  Pooran M. Gaur  Timothy D. Colmer  L. Krishnamurthy  Vincent Vadez  Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Euphytica》2011,182(1):73-86

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is known to be salt-sensitive and in many regions of the world its yields are restricted by salinity. Recent identification of large variation in chickpea yield under salinity, if genetically controlled, offers an opportunity to develop cultivars with improved salt tolerance. Two chickpea land races, ICC 6263 (salt sensitive) and ICC 1431 (salt tolerant), were inter-crossed to study gene action involved in different agronomic traits under saline and control conditions. The generation mean analysis in six populations, viz. P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁ and BC₁P₂, revealed significant gene interactions for days to flowering, days to maturity, and stem Na and K concentrations in control and saline treatments, as well as for 100-seed weight under salinity. Seed yield, pods per plant, seeds per plant, and stem Cl concentration were controlled by additive effects under saline conditions. Broad-sense heritability values (>0.5) for most traits were generally higher in saline than in control conditions, whereas the narrow-sense heritability values for yield traits, and stem Na and K concentrations, were lower in saline than control conditions. The influence of the sensitive parent was higher on the expression of different traits; the additive and dominant genes acted in opposite directions which led to lower heritability estimates in early generations. These results indicate that selection for yield under salinity would be more effective in later filial generations after gene fixation.  相似文献   

Serodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using fractionated antigens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D Kumar  S N Gaur 《Veterinary parasitology》1987,24(3-4):195-202

The sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis was evaluated in experimentally and naturally infected pigs, using T. solium larval scoleces and its fractionated 1st and 2nd peaks on Sephadex G-200 as antigens. First peak antigen gave maximum sensitivity and highest antibody titres. The overall sensitivity of this test was found to be 91.5, 95.8 and 70.8% with scolex, 1st and 2nd peak antigens, respectively. False positive reactions occurred in 9.09% of uninfected pigs with scolex and 1st peak antigens and cross-reactions occurred in 25% of Taenia hydatigena-infected animals using scolex and 2nd peak antigens. No cross-reaction was observed using 1st peak antigen. The specificity of the test was 92.3, 96.2 and 92.3% with scolex, 1st and 2nd peak antigens, respectively.  相似文献   

Assessing impact of climate change on forest cover type shifts in Western Himalayan Eco-region     

P. K. Joshi  Asha Rawat  Sheena Narula  Vinay Sinha 《林业研究》2012,23(1):75-80

Climate is a critical factor affecting forest ecosystems and their capacity to produce goods and services. Effects of climate change on forests depend on ecosystem-specific factors including dimensions of climate (temperature, precipitation, drought, wind etc.). Available information is not sufficient to support a quantitative assessment of the ecological, social and economic consequences. The present study assessed shifts in forest cover types of Western Himalayan Eco-region (700?4500 m). 100 randomly selected samples (75 for training and 25 for testing the model), genetic algorithm of rule set parameters and climatic envelopes were used to assess the distribution of five prominent forest cover types (Temperate evergreen, Tropical semi-evergreen, Temperate conifer, Subtropical conifer, and Tropical moist deciduous forests). Modelling was conducted for four different scenarios, current scenario, changed precipitation (8% increase), changed temperature (1.07°C increase), and both changed temperature and precipitation. On increasing precipitation a downward shift in the temperate evergreen and tropical semi-evergreen was observed, while sub-tropical conifer and tropical moist-deciduous forests showed a slight upward shift and temperate conifer showed no shift. On increasing temperature, an upward shift in all forest types was observed except sub-tropical conifer forests without significant changes. When both temperature and precipitation were changed, the actual distribution was maintained and slight upward shift was observed in all the forest types except sub-tropical conifer. It is important to understand the likely impacts of the projected climate change on the forest ecosystems, so that better management and conservation strategies can be adopted for the biodiversity and forest dependent community. Knowledge of impact mechanisms also enables identification and mitigation of some of the conditions that increase vulnerability to climate change in the forest sector.  相似文献   

Forest utilization patterns and socio-economic status of the Van Gujjar tribe in sub-Himalayan tracts of Uttarakhand, India     

Jyotsana SHARMA  Sumeet GAIROLA  R.D.GAUR  R.M.PAINULI 《中国林学(英文版)》2012,14(1):36-46

The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State,India.The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of years.They migrate each year with their households and livestock between summer and winter pastures.A few years ago with the announcement of the establishment of the Rajaji National Park,the tribe has been forced out of the forest area and rehabilitated outside the park,which has affected their lifestyle.The newly established rehabilitation colony in the Gandikhata area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand State was taken as a case study.The aims of the present study were to understand and evaluate the socio-economic status of the Van Gujjars in their newly established rehabilitation colony,the utilization pattern of forest resources by the tribe and their relative preference for selective trees for various uses.A total of 176 households were interviewed (giving equal weight to all economic classes and family every size) by using pre-structured questionnaires.The education level was very low (12.9%) and the average income per household was recorded as Rs.36000 (approximately $ 803) per year.The major source of income was dairy production (80.6%) followed by labor employment (13.9%),NTFPs (4.2%) and agricultural production (1.4%).More than 90% of fuel wood and fodder is extracted from the forest.The average fuel wood and fodder consumptions per household per day were recorded as 25.86 and 21.58 kg,respectively.A total of 35 species of cultivated plants and 89 species of wild plants were found to be utilized as food sources.Selectively 25 wild tree species are well known as being used by the Van Gujjars as fodder,fuel wood,agricultural implements,household articles,dye,medicine,fiber and other products.According to their utility value,the most preferred and useful tree species is Ougeinia oojeinensis,followed by Terminalia alata,Bombax ceiba,Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sissoo.  相似文献