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1.
Su Lai Yee Mon Moe Lwin Aye Aye Maw Lat Lat Htun Saw Bawm Kotaro Kawabe Yasuhiko Wada Shin Okamoto Takeshi Shimogiri 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13647
Myanmar indigenous chickens play important roles in food, entertainment, and farm business for the people of Myanmar. In this study, complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences (1232 bp) were analyzed using 176 chickens, including three indigenous breeds, two fighting cock populations, and three indigenous populations to elucidate genetic diversity and accomplish a phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens. The average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.948 ± 0.009 and 0.00814 ± 0.00024, respectively, exhibiting high genetic diversity of Myanmar indigenous chickens. Sixty-four haplotypes were classified as seven haplogroups, with the majority being haplogroup F. The breeds and populations except Inbinwa had multiple maternal haplogroups, suggesting that they experienced no recent purifying selection and bottleneck events. All breeds and populations examined shared haplogroup F. When 232 sequences belonging to haplogroup F (79 from Myanmar and 153 deposited sequences from other Asian countries/region) were analyzed together, the highest genetic diversity was observed in Myanmar indigenous chickens. Furthermore, Myanmar indigenous chickens and red junglefowls were observed in the center of the star-like median-joining network of 37 F-haplotypes, suggesting that Myanmar is one of the origins of haplogroup F. These findings revealed the unique genetic characteristic of Myanmar indigenous chickens as important genetic resources. 相似文献
2.
AbstractThe effect of different rice-based crop rotation sequences on the population densities of Meloidogyne graminicola and on the yield of rice was evaluated in a microplot experiment under lowland rice field conditions. Ten treatments of cropping sequences were grown in four successive growing seasons: continuous growing of the susceptible rice cultivar Thihtatyin (rice-rice-rice-rice), four treatments of 1- season crop rotation sequences (rice-rice-chickpea-rice, rice-rice-black gram-rice, rice-rice-soybean-rice, rice-rice-cowpea-rice), and five treatments of 2-season crop rotation sequences (groundnut-rice-chickpea-rice, green gram-rice-black gram-rice, cowpea-rice-soybean-rice, sesame-rice-cowpea-rice, sunflower-rice-sesame-rice). Population densities of M. graminicola recovered from the rice plants and the nematode multiplication factors (Mf) in the soil in the continuous rice cropping sequence (rice-rice-rice-rice) was the highest among the ten cropping sequences. Lowest nematode Mf in the soil was observed in the 2-season crop rotation sequence sunflower-rice-sesame-rice and the highest was observed in the 1-season crop rotation sequence rice-rice-cowpea-rice among the nine crop rotation sequences. Highest rice yield was obtained in the 2-season crop rotation sequences green gram-rice-black gram-rice, sesame-rice-cowpea-rice and sunflower-rice-sesame-rice, which were about 2 times higher compared with the 1-season crop rotation sequences and about 3 times higher compared with the continuous rice cropping sequence. 相似文献
3.
4.
Aye Nyein Chan Shutu Xu YaQin Shi YaNan Li Ali Farhan DongWei Guo JiQuan Xue 《Euphytica》2017,213(1):12
Association mapping was conducted to explore favorable alleles of the chlorophyll-related non-yellow coloring 1 (NYC1) gene under light and dark using an association panel of 146 maize inbred lines. A total of 14 polymorphic sites were identified to be significantly associated with at least one of the chlorophyll-related traits at the seedling stage. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (S320, S2951, S3901, and S3355) from the NYC1 gene were respectively strongly associated with chlorophyll b (chlb), the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (chl_ratio), chlorophyll a degradation (chla_deg), and total chlorophyll degradation (total_chl_deg). SNPs S320 (C/A) in exon 1, and S2951 (A/G) in intron 8 was related to chlb, with 6.01 and 8.89% of phenotypic variation under light treatment, respectively. Under dark treatment, SNP S3901 (C/T), located in 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), was associated with chl_ratio, explaining 7.01% of the observed phenotypic variation, whereas SNP S3355 (C/G) in intron 9 explained 6.48 and 5.18% of phenotypic variations in chla_deg and total_chl_deg, respectively. Taken together, these results indicated that the NYC1 gene plays an important role in chlorophyll content and other related traits, and different sites act on chlorophyll metabolism under different light intensities in maize seedlings. Furthermore, these findings improve our understanding of the genetic basis of chlorophyll metabolism under different light conditions. 相似文献
5.
In 19 wheat-milling fractions total pentosan content, calculated as 0.88 x (% L-arabinose + % D-xylose), varied between 1.44 and 30.66% on dry matter (dm). It increased with ash content once the latter exceeded 0.6% (dm basis). Water-extractable arabinoxylans were recovered by saturating water extracts to 65% ethanol. Their contents in the milling fractions varied between 0.35 and 1.38%, and above 0.6% ash content also increased with this parameter. Their L-arabinose-to-D-xylose ratios ranged between 0.65 and 0.39, with the lowest values found for the fractions with highest ash content, indicating that the ash-rich tissues contain more arabinoxylans that are less branched. (1)H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the decrease in L-arabinose-to-D-xylose ratio was accompanied by an increase in unsubstituted xylose residues and a decrease in disubstituted xylose residues, while the contents of monosubstituted xyloses were virtually constant. 相似文献
6.
Selection logging is a principal management scheme in natural teak-bearing forests in Myanmar. Monitoring the spatial extent
and intensity of selection logging is important for sustainable forest management. This study applied the normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI) image differencing method using two SPOT-5 pan-sharpened images (2.5 m spatial resolution) taken in
October 2007 and January 2009 to analyze canopy changes associated with damage from forest harvesting. According to the pixel-based
analysis, NDVI changes were larger in most logging road/log landing points whereas smaller NDVI changes were seen in most
unlogged points. NDVI changes in teak stump areas were related to distance from a logging road and the number of stumps within
the estimated crown area (a circular area with a 10 m radius from the center of each stump). A Fisher’s exact test showed that one of the main factors
causing the high NDVI change in teak stump areas was the effect of road construction. The distribution pattern of teak stumps
indicated that teak stumps with estimated crown areas that contained more than one stump had high mean change in NDVI. The spectral difference between before and after logging
revealed that logging roads had a greater effect on canopy changes than teak stumps. 相似文献
7.
Khin Thawda Win Ryoko Nonaka Koki Toyota Takashi Motobayashi Masaaki Hosomi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):589-595
A lysimeter experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the NH3 volatilization mitigation by adding anaerobically digested cattle slurry (ADCS) alone, with wood vinegar (WV) or with a higher
level of floodwater (HFW), on emissions of CH4 and N2O from a paddy soil planted with fodder rice. We have carried out the following treatments: (1) chemical fertilizer, (2) ADCS,
(3) ADCS + WV, and (4) ADCS + HFW; the height of floodwater was 10 cm in the latter treatment, and it was 3 to 4 cm in the
other treatments just before fertilizer applications. Nitrogen fertilizer rate added to soil in each treatment was 30 g NH4+–N m−2 (split in one basal and two top-dressing additions). Ammonia volatilization in the ADCS treatment was 2.7 g NH3–N m−2 throughout the growing season, and it was significantly reduced by 79% and 55% in the ADCS + WV and ADCS + HFW treatments,
respectively. The total amount of CH4 emitted in the ADCS treatment in the growing season was not significantly enhanced by the mitigation of NH3 volatilization either by adding wood vinegar or by increasing the height of the floodwater. Negligible N2O emissions were observed in all treatments during the growing period. 相似文献
8.
A new type of sampler for dry deposition in a forest canopy was designed and tested to confirm its usefulness. The new sampler
is made of Teflon chips packed in a nylon net, and tied on a rod like a branch in the canopy. The validity and characteristics
of the new sampler were checked by comparing it with the conventional bucket sampler and the foliar extraction method using
hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees. The comparison between the deposited amounts on the dummy branch and those on the bucket indicates that the dummy
could trap gaseous matter more effective than the bucket. From a comparison with the foliar extracting method, it is concluded
that the trapping of particulate matter by the new dummy branch is comparable to that of natural needle leaves. However, its
efficiency for gaseous matter is relatively small. This disadvantage should be improved by applying other materials to the
dummy. Moreover, it is found that the uptake of gas especially SO2 through the stomata is an important point in the discussion about dry deposition. To evaluate the amounts of dry deposition
in the forest canopy more precisely, combination with the additional method should be useful.
This study was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports,
and Culture, Japan. 相似文献
9.
10.
K. T. Win R. Nonaka A. T. Win Y. Sasada K. Toyota T. Motobayashi M. Hosomi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2012,10(4):281-289
Methane oxidation activity (MOA), methanotrophic bacteria (MOB), and CH4 emission in a paddy field fertilized with anaerobically digested slurry were compared between two varieties: a fodder rice variety Leaf star (LS) and a normal rice variety Kinuhikari (KN). Average MOA and MOB per unit dry root were significantly higher in KN (7.1?μmol?g?1 CH4?g?1 dry root h?1 and 3.7?×?107 MPN?g?1 dry root, respectively) than in LS (4.3?μmol?g?1 CH4?g?1 dry root h?1, 2.1?×?107 MPN?g?1 dry root), although MOA in the rice root per whole plant was not significantly different since root biomass of LS (1.5?g dry root plant?1) was significantly higher than that of KN (1.2?g dry root plant?1). MOA in the soil ranged from 0.031 to 0.087?μmol?g?1 CH4?g?1 dry soil h?1, but there were no significant differences in both depths (0–5 and 5–15?cm) between the two rice varieties. MOA in the rhizosphere soil was significantly different between the rice varieties at flowering, but not at tillering. Methane emission in the field was lower and MOA and MOB in the rice root were higher in LS than in KN at tillering, but the reverse results were found at flowering and maturity stages. Total CH4 emission during a growing period was not significantly different between LS (27.4?±?16.9?g CH4?m?2) and KN (24.0?±?19.5?g CH4?m?2). There was a significant negative relationship between CH4 emission and rice root MOB (P?<?0.01) or MOA (P?<?0.05) and significant positive relationship was observed between root MOA and MOB (P?<?0.01). This study revealed that choice of rice variety might be an important environmental issue in paddy cultivation since it can influence MOA and MOB in rice root and rhizosphere soil which relate with CH4 emission. 相似文献