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Evaluation of different mulch materials for reducing soil surface evaporation in semi‐arid region 
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下载免费PDF全文 In recent years, the use of new mulches for soil water conservation in arid regions has been introduced as an alternative to conventional (plastic) mulches. However, systematic studies concerning the effects of different organic [pistachio shell mulch (PSM), wheat straw mulch, de‐oiled olive pomace mulch (DOM) or wood chips mulch], chemical [superabsorbent polymer (HM) or organic‐based emulsion polymer (PEM)] and mineral [gravel mulch (GM)] covers on soil and water conservation are scarce. Therefore, two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 was aimed at evaluating the effects of mulches of different composition on soil surface evaporation, whereas in experiment 2 we investigated the effects of this decrease in soil evaporation due to different mulch materials on some olive tree physiological responses to soil drying. We analysed stem water potential, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf density and maximum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of 2‐yr‐old plants of ‘Konservalia’ olive, grown in pots in open field. The results showed that different mulch materials had different efficiency on soil water conservation and DOM and pistachio shell mulch PSM – as new mulch materials – seems more favourable for conserving soil water. Water stress caused reductions in all parameters measured and increment in leaf density compared with unstressed treatment. Olive plants grown using different soil mulch presented higher values of stem water potential, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm ratio compared to control plants. Although all the mulch treatments improved the water content of soil, DOM and PSM were found to be superior in maintaining optimum soil water content for olive use. 相似文献
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Safoora Dehghanipoodeh Cyrus Ghobadi Baharam Baninasab Mahdi Gheysari Siamak Shirani Bidabadi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(4):502-507
Silicon (Si) is considered as a beneficial element to higher plants especially under stress conditions. A factorial experiment, in a completely randomized design with four replications, was used to investigate the effects of two application methods (spraying and soil drenching) and eight levels of Si compounds including 0, 5, 10 and 15 mM of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) and 0, 5, 10 and 15 mM of nanosilica (SiO2). The results indicated that Si application (all or some treatments) decreased transpiration, specific leaf area, petiole length, and promoted the flowering, fruit firmness, leaf/crown number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, water use efficiency. They also showed it did not affect the fruit set percentage, yield, chlorophyll index, total soluble solid, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of crown, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and mesophyll efficiency of strawberry. The results suggest the beneficial effects of Si on growth and development of strawberry. 相似文献
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M. Rahemi Adirek Baninasab 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):336-339
SummaryBeneh (Pistacia mutica F. & M.) and kolkhong (Pistacia khinjuk Stock) are wild species of pistachio which grow naturally with other trees in some parts of Iran. Because of their adaptibility to severe environmental conditions and their resistance to some pests and diseases, they can be used as rootstocks for pistachio cultivars. Poor germination and very low seedling vigour of these two species have been a major problem in using them as rootstocks for pistachio cultivars. In this study gibberellic acid (GA3), at five concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg l21), were used during and after stratification to enhance seedling growth. The results showed that GA3, applied during and after stratification, significantly increased the length, trunk diameter, internode length, leaf area and fresh and dry weight of seedlings of both beneh and kolkhong species. However, application of GA3 after stratification was more effective on seedling growth of beneh. GA3 applied at higher concentrations (500 and 750 mg l21) increased the rate of growth, but growth malformations were clearly evident in seedlings of kolkhong. GA3 at 250 mg l21 enhanced seedlings growth of kolkhong. It was concluded that application of GA3 to the seedlings might be a useful method for promoting rapid shoot growth of beneh and kolkhong and reduce the expense of seedling production in glasshouse conditions. 相似文献
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Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of the triazole plant-growth inhibitor group that is responsible for inducing tolerance to number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether PBZ application at various concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L−1) through seed soaking or foliar spray would protect watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings, subjected to chilling stress. Thirty-five-day old plants were exposed to chilling 5 h/day at 4 °C for 5 days. PBZ improved growth rate of watermelon seedling subjected to chilling stress and increased relative leaf chlorophyll content (RLCC) and chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) compared with the control at the end of chilling stress. PBZ ameliorated the injury caused by chilling stress by inhibiting increases in proline and leaf electrolyte leakage, which suggested that PBZ ameliorated the negative effect of chilling stress. PBZ was most effective in increased chilling tolerance of watermelon seedling when applied using the seed soak method than as a foliar spray. The best protection appeared to be obtained from seedlings seed soaked with PBZ at 50 and 75 mg L−1. 相似文献
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Siamak Shirani Bidabadi Hamidreza Mehri Cyrus Ghobadi Bahram Baninasab Marzieh Afazel 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(4):277-283
The role of exogenously applied Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in morphological responses, photochemical efficiency, changes of malondialdehyde content, and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes were investigated in four Iranian grapevine cultivars. MeJA improved morphological traits containing dry and fresh weight, node number, and shoot length. MeJA induced an oxidative stress, as shown by an increase in lipid peroxidation. Activities of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were higher in MeJA-treated grapevines than in controls while the relative water content and leaf water loss of grapevine cultivars demonstrated a non-significant difference between the control and varying levels of MeJA. MeJA was positively affected in recovery of the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (photochemical efficiency) of grapevine cultivars, although the mean proline content of MeJA-treated grapevines indicated a significant decrease when compared with those of the controls. These results suggest that MeJA could act as an intervener in grapevine responses by the enhancing the activity of antioxidants and recovery of photochemical efficiency, leading to enhanced grapevine performance. 相似文献
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Bahram Baninasab 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):191-196
SummarySalicylic acid (SA) is a common, plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was therefore conducted to test whether the application of SA at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 mM) by seed soaking, or as a foliar spray would protect cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings subjected to drought stress. Thirty-six-day-old seedlings (n = 12 seedlings per treatment) were exposed to drought stress for 14 d. Pretreatment with SA improved the majority of the physiological (e.g., relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence ratio) and morphological parameters (e.g., shoot and root fresh and dry weights) measured in cucumber seedlings subjected to drought stress. SA ameliorated the injuries caused by drought stress by increasing shoot tissue proline contents and preventing an increase in leaf electrolyte leakage. SA was more effective at increasing the drought tolerance of cucumber seedlings when applied using the seed-soaking method, rather than as a foliar spray. The best drought protection appeared to be obtained when seeds were soaked in 0.50 mM SA. 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Hamze Hossein Shariatmadari Bahram Baninasab 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(10):1432-1445
A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar-applied K in the form of mineral compound (K2SO4) and complexed with lysine (KL) and lysine plus methionine (KLMet) with or without ascorbic acid (A) on nut yield and quality of bearing pistachio (Pistachio vera L. cv. Owhadi). Results showed that foliar application of K, regardless of applied source, significantly increased leaf and nut K concentration in comparison with control. In both experimental years, the trees supplemented with K provided higher total yield, fresh and dry mass of shelled and unshelled 100-nut, and 100-kernel dry mass and lower percentage of non-split shells in comparison with those un-supplemented with K. In both years, foliar application of K significantly decreased the percentages of blank nuts. The effectiveness of K-amino chelates in improving nut yield and quality was, in general, higher than that of K2SO4. The highest yield and the best nut quality was obtained with foliar application of KLMet-1. The critical leaf and nut K concentration for optimum pistachio nut yield and quality was 2.27 and 1.87%, respectively. Foliar application of K particularly in the form of KLMet-1 during nut filling is recommended to obtain optimum yield and quality of pistachio. 相似文献
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