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Bindraban Prem S. Dimkpa Christian O. Pandey Renu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2020,56(3):299-317
Biology and Fertility of Soils - Mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers support high crop yields and contribute to feeding the teeming global population. However, complex edaphic processes cause P to... 相似文献
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X. Yin S. D. Chasalow P. Stam M. J. Kropff C. J. Dourleijn I. Bos P. S. Bindraban 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):314-319
Genes contributing to the quantitative variation of a complex crop trait can be numerous. However, using existing approaches, the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected for a trait is limited. Therefore, rather than looking for QTL for a complex trait itself, determining QTL for underlying component traits might give more information. In this study the potential of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex traits was examined using grain yield in spring barley as an example. Grain yield was divided into three components: number of spikes/m2, number of kernels/spike, and 1000‐kernel weight. These traits were measured for individuals of a recombinant inbred‐line population in field trials conducted over 2 years. By the use of an approximate multiple QTL model, one to eight QTL were detected for each trait in a year. Some QTL were mapped to similar positions in both years. Almost all QTL for yield were found at the position of or in close proximity to QTL for its component traits. A number of QTL for component traits were not detected when yield itself was subjected to QTL analysis. However, relative to the QTL for yield itself, all component‐trait QTL did not explain the variation in yield better. The results in relation to the potential of using component analysis in studying complex crop traits are discussed. 相似文献
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Worldwide, many nations impose blending of their transport fuels with biofuels, approximating 10% globally by 2020, to contribute to energy security while reducing emission of green house gasses (GHG). Food riots, scientific insights that question the GHG benefits and raised concern about the loss of biodiversity, have lead to the formulation by various governments of sustainability criteria for biofuels to comply with. In this paper, we assess this conditionality and argue that large-scale biofuels production will be unable to comply with these criteria in 2020, and can therefore not be qualified as sustainable. 相似文献
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K. Senthilkumar P.S. Bindraban T.M. Thiyagarajan N. de Ridder K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Systems》2008
The looming water crisis and water-intensive nature of rice cultivation are driving the search for alternative management methods to increase water productivity in rice cultivation. Experiments were conducted under on-station and on-farm conditions to compare rice production using modified methods of irrigation, planting, weeding and nutrient management with conventional methods of cultivation. Farm surveys were used to evaluate adoption of modified rice cultivation method. On-station experiments showed that, a combination of water-saving irrigation, young seedling or direct seeding, mechanical weeding and green manure application increased the rice water productivity though the largest yields were obtained for a combination of conventional irrigation, young seedling or direct seeding, mechanical weeding and green manure application. On-farm experiments demonstrated a yield advantage of 1.5 t ha−1 for the modified method over conventional method. We found, however, that yield advantages were not the sole factor driving adoption. Associated changes required in management, including the increased labour demand for modified planting, unwillingness of agricultural labourers to change practices, difficulties with modified nursery preparation and the need to replace cheaper women’s labour for hand weeding with more costly men’s labour for mechanical weeding, all reduced the chance of adopting the modified rice cultivation method. Risks associated with water-saving irrigation, such as uncertainty about the timing and amount of water release for irrigation affect adoption adversely as well. There was no incentive for farmers to adopt water-saving irrigation as water from reservoirs and electricity for pumping well-water are both free of charge. To date farmers continue to experiment with the modified cultivation method on a small part of their farms, but are unlikely to adopt the modified method on a large-scale unless policies governing water management are changed. 相似文献
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René P. J. J. Rietra Marius Heinen Chistian O. Dimkpa Prem S. Bindraban 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(16):1895-1920
Interaction among plant nutrients can yield antagonistic or synergistic outcomes that influence nutrient use efficiency. To provide insight on this phenomenon, peer-reviewed articles were selected that quantified the interaction effects of nutrients on crop yield levels. In total 94 articles were selected that described 117 interactions between all macro- and micronutrients for different agricultural crops. In 43 cases the interaction was synergistic, in 17 cases the interaction was antagonistic, and in 35 cases the interaction was zero-interaction; the other 23 cases were non-significant (16) or showed a negative response (7). Generally: (a) when the availability of two nutrients is characterized as deficient, a large increase in yield can be expected by diminishing these deficiencies: (b) for most macronutrients the mutual interactions on yield levels are synergistic; and (c) antagonistic effects on yield are often found for divalent cations. Knowledge of nutrient interactions can guide fertilizer design and optimization of fertilization strategies for high yields and high nutrient use efficiencies. 相似文献
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David Molden Theib Oweis Prem Bindraban Jacob Kijne 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(4):528-535
In its broadest sense, water productivity (WP) is the net return for a unit of water used. Improvement of water productivity aims at producing more food, income, better livelihoods and ecosystem services with less water. There is considerable scope for improving water productivity of crop, livestock and fisheries at field through to basin scale. Practices used to achieve this include water harvesting, supplemental irrigation, deficit irrigation, precision irrigation techniques and soil-water conservation practices. Practices not directly related to water management impact water productivity because of interactive effects such as those derived from improvements in soil fertility, pest and disease control, crop selection or access to better markets.However, there are several reasons to be cautious about the scope and ease of achieving water productivity gains. Crop water productivity is already quite high in highly productive regions, and gains in yield (per unit of land area) do not necessarily translate into gains in water productivity. Reuse of water that takes place within an irrigated area or a basin can compensate for the perceived losses at the field-scale in terms of water quantity, though the water quality is likely to be affected. While crop breeding has played an important role in increasing water productivity in the past, especially by improving the harvest index, such large gains are not easily foreseen in the future. More importantly, enabling conditions for farmers and water managers are not in place to enhance water productivity. Improving water productivity will thus require an understanding of the biophysical as well as the socioeconomic environments crossing scales between field, farm and basin.Priority areas where substantive increases in water productivity are possible include: (i) areas where poverty is high and water productivity is low, (ii) areas of physical water scarcity where competition for water is high, (iii) areas with little water resources development where high returns from a little extra water use can make a big difference, and (iv) areas of water-driven ecosystem degradation, such as falling groundwater tables, and river desiccation. However, achieving these gains will be challenging at least, and will require strategies that consider complex biophysical and socioeconomic factors. 相似文献
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Hina Malhotra Sandeep Sharma Prem S. Bindraban 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(3):279-300
ABSTRACTIron (Fe) plays a pivotal role in plant nutrition as well as human health. Foliar application is being adopted as an economic, targeted and environment friendly alternative over soil fertilization. However, dependency of foliar fertilization on crop species, environment, Fe compound and Fe status of plant makes it a complex practice. Though a large body of evidence is available on Fe movement from root to shoot, very little is known on its movement from the leaf surface (extracellular) to various organelles (intracellular). This article presents possible pathways of foliar-fed Fe including crossing leaf physical barriers to reach the apoplast, crossing the plasma membrane, moving through plasmodesmata, phloem loading and unloading and storage in intracellular compartments. We have also emphasized on various chelating agents present in intracellular environments along with membrane-bound proteins aiding in Fe movement. Further, genes involved in Fe uptake and transport from leaf surface are discussed. At organelle level, presence of importer/exporter in outer membranes or bound Fe (Fe(II) to Fe(III)) form needs to be identified. The long-distance transport of Fe in phloem supports the existence of unknown oxido-reductases. The understanding of Fe mobilization pathways from foliage to sink tissues might also assist in molecular biofortification. 相似文献