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Petronio Bianca Maria Cardellicchio Nicola Calace Nicoletta Pietroletti Marco Pietrantonio Massimiliana Caliandro Lucia 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):863-875
The Mar Piccolo (surface area of 20.72 km2) is located in the Northern area of the Taranto town (Ionian Sea, Italy). It is an inner, semi-enclosed basin with lagoon
features connected with the Mar Grande through two channels which are very important for water exchange. Mar Piccolo basin
is subjected to urbanization, industry, agriculture, aquaculture and commercial fishing. Hence, it is important to have a
temporal picture both of heavy metal content and of organic carbon and their distribution (hydrophobic fraction, hydrophilic
fraction, humic compounds) to check the progress of pollution in time. Three sediment cores collected on the basis of the
pollution sources have been analyzed. Both heavy metal and organic carbon concentrations underline the fact that the anthropogenic
input is different in the three sites, and that in time the amount of pollutants coming into the Mar Piccolo have changed
in different ways. The high amount of organic hydrophilic compounds present in sediments, both due to the small water depth
and to the high accumulation rate, make the sediment site high in oxygen consumption due to a considerable chemical and biochemical
transformations of organic matter. 相似文献
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Ackermann M Ajello M Allafort A Baldini L Ballet J Barbiellini G Bastieri D Belfiore A Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bonamente E Borgland AW Bottacini E Brigida M Bruel P Buehler R Buson S Caliandro GA Cameron RA Caraveo PA Casandjian JM Cecchi C Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen-Tanugi J de Angelis A de Palma F Dermer CD do Couto E Silva E Drell PS Dumora D Favuzzi C Fegan SJ Focke WB Fortin P Fukazawa Y Fusco P Gargano F Germani S Giglietto N Giordano F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6059):1103-1107
The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population. 相似文献
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Abdo AA Ackermann M Atwood WB Baldini L Ballet J Barbiellini G Baring MG Bastieri D Baughman BM Bechtol K Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bogaert G Bonamente E Borgland AW Bregeon J Brez A Brigida M Bruel P Burnett TH Caliandro GA Cameron RA Caraveo PA Carlson P Casandjian JM Cecchi C Charles E Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen-Tanugi J Cominsky LR Conrad J Cutini S Davis DS Dermer CD de Angelis A de Palma F Digel SW Dormody M do Couto E Silva E Drell PS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5905):1218-1221
Energetic young pulsars and expanding blast waves [supernova remnants (SNRs)] are the most visible remains after massive stars, ending their lives, explode in core-collapse supernovae. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has unveiled a radio quiet pulsar located near the center of the compact synchrotron nebula inside the supernova remnant CTA 1. The pulsar, discovered through its gamma-ray pulsations, has a period of 316.86 milliseconds and a period derivative of 3.614 x 10(-13) seconds per second. Its characteristic age of 10(4) years is comparable to that estimated for the SNR. We speculate that most unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources associated with star-forming regions and SNRs are such young pulsars. 相似文献
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Petronio Bianca Maria Cardellicchio Nicola Calace Nicoletta Pietroletti Marco Pietrantonio Massimiliana Caliandro Lucia Maienza Anita 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1921-1921
Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - 相似文献
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Fermi LAT Collaboration Ackermann M Ajello M Ballet J Barbiellini G Bastieri D Belfiore A Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bonamente E Borgland AW Bregeon J Brigida M Bruel P Buehler R Buson S Caliandro GA Cameron RA Caraveo PA Cavazzuti E Cecchi C Çelik Ö Charles E Chaty S Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen-Tanugi J Corbel S Corbet RH Cutini S de Luca A den Hartog PR de Palma F Dermer CD Digel SW do Couto e Silva E Donato D Drell PS Drlica-Wagner A Dubois R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6065):189-193
Gamma-ray binaries are stellar systems containing a neutron star or black hole, with gamma-ray emission produced by an interaction between the components. These systems are rare, even though binary evolution models predict dozens in our Galaxy. A search for gamma-ray binaries with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) shows that 1FGL J1018.6-5856 exhibits intensity and spectral modulation with a 16.6-day period. We identified a variable x-ray counterpart, which shows a sharp maximum coinciding with maximum gamma-ray emission, as well as an O6V((f)) star optical counterpart and a radio counterpart that is also apparently modulated on the orbital period. 1FGL J1018.6-5856 is thus a gamma-ray binary, and its detection suggests the presence of other fainter binaries in the Galaxy. 相似文献
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Abdo AA Ackermann M Ajello M Allafort A Baldini L Ballet J Barbiellini G Bastieri D Bechtol K Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bonamente E Borgland AW Bouvier A Brandt TJ Bregeon J Brez A Brigida M Bruel P Buehler R Buson S Caliandro GA Cameron RA Cannon A Caraveo PA Casandjian JM Çelik Ö Charles E Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen-Tanugi J Costamante L Cutini S D'Ammando F Dermer CD de Angelis A de Luca A de Palma F Digel SW do Couto e Silva E Drell PS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6018):739-742
A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10(-2) parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory. 相似文献
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