Manipulated Mouse Embryos as Bioassay System for Water Quality Control   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

AS Elsheikh  Y Takahashi  M Nagano  H Kanagawa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(3):204-208

Mouse pronuclear stage embryos with intact slit zona pellucida (manipulated) were cultured in vitro until the hatched blastocyst stage in simplex optimized medium with higher K⁺ concentration (KSOM) prepared with three different water types: tap, deionized reverse osmosis (D‐O) water and Milli‐Q system (M‐Q) water. The culture media were supplemented with or without protein and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, disodium salt). The rates of hatched blastocysts were significantly affected (p < 0.01) by micromanipulation, protein supplement and water source. The water source has no influence (p > 0.05) on development in EDTA‐supplemented protein‐free culture media, whereas in EDTA‐ and protein‐free culture media, the water quality significantly (p < 0.001) affected the rates of development, with higher rates in media prepared with M‐Q water. The micromanipulated embryos showed higher sensitivity to the water quality (p < 0.01). It worth mentioning that the rates of hatched blastocysts in protein‐free culture media were very low (0–7.5%). Furthermore, the three different water types were analysed by measuring the electrical conductivity, inorganic ions, total organic carbon and endotoxins to evaluate the purity. M‐Q water showed the lowest levels of inorganic ion, total organic carbon and endotoxin concentrations. We concluded that manipulated mouse embryos are good system to evaluate the quality of water used in biological system.  相似文献   

ACE inhibition in goats under fixed‐time artificial insemination protocol increases the pregnancy rate and twin births          下载免费PDF全文

VP Fernandes Neto  MNN Silva  AS Costa  D Kunkel  AS Júnior  LCS Feitosa  MCS Muratori  APR Costa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):1006-1008

To assess the effect of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the efficiency of the fixed‐time artificial insemination (TAI), 69 goats were divided randomly into two groups: enalapril (n = 35) and control (n = 34). In the experiment, all animals underwent the protocol of fixed‐time artificial insemination for 12 days. Enalapril group received enalapril maleate dissolved in saline (Enalapril, Lab Teuto Ltda) subcutaneously at the following doses: 0.2 mg/kg/day in D0‐D2; 0.3 mg/kg/day in D3‐D6 and 0.4 mg/kg/day in D7‐D11. The control group received the corresponding volume of 0.9% saline solution. We performed a single insemination 36 hr after sponge removal using frozen semen from two adult male goats with recognized fertility. The ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was 30 days after the artificial insemination (AI). There was significant increase in pregnancy rates and twinning as well as a decrease in foetal loss in animals receiving enalapril (p < .01). The use of ACE inhibitors during the TAI protocol was shown to be a promising alternative to increase the efficiency of such reproductive biotechnology.  相似文献   

Quantification of stress sensitive markers in single fecal samples do not accurately predict excretion of these in the pig   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carlsson HE  Lyberg K  Royo F  Hau J 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(3):423-428

All feces produced during 24 h were collected from five pigs and cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and IgA were quantified. Within pigs, the concentrations of CICM and IgA varied extensively between random samples obtained from a single fecal dropping, and deviated in most cases significantly from the true concentration measured in total fecal output (CV 6.7-130%). The CICM and IgA contents varied considerably (CV 8.1-114%) within and between individual fecal droppings from the same pig compared to the total fecal excretion. In conclusion, single random samples could not be used to reliably quantify the total fecal concentration or excretion of CICM or IgA in pigs. Analyses of all feces collected during shorter periods than 24 h did not provide an accurate estimate of the daily excretion of CICM. Thus, the concentration of stress sensitive molecules in random single fecal samples as an indicator of animal welfare should be interpreted with prudence.  相似文献   

Intra-articular injections with high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate as a therapy for canine arthritis     

Hellström LE  Carlsson C  Boucher JF  Michanek P 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(3):89-90

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Gonadotropin‐induced Puberty Does Not Impair Reproductive Performance of Gilts over Three Parities     

OHO Eckhardt  SMMK Martins  ME Pinese  FC Horta  AC Rosseto  MA Torres  AFC De Andrade  BBD Muro  CT Marino  PHM Rodrigues  AS Moretti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):964-969

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of three parities of gilts treated or not treated with gonadotropin to induce puberty. Sixty gilts received 600 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by 2.5 mg of porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) 72 h later. Fifty‐nine other gilts were exposed only to a mature boar for 15 min twice daily. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 0, 12 and 24 h after the detection of oestrus, and gestation was confirmed by ultrasound after 35 days. Sows were inseminated at the first post‐weaning oestrus. The total numbers of piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn, mummified foetuses, as well as pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated for each of the three parities. Culling rates, farrowing intervals and weaning‐to‐oestrous intervals (WEI) were also analysed. Mean age at puberty and oestrous manifestation were not significantly different between treatments (p = 0.0639; 179.20 ± 17.52 compared with 173.96 ± 16.94, 91.66% compared with 94.92%) across the experimental period. However, females that underwent puberty induction showed modest increases both in the number of total pigs born and in the number of piglets born alive. In conclusion, puberty induction through exogenous gonadotropin administration in field conditions did not induce a more concentrated first oestrous manifestation, but trended to a modest increase in the number of pigs born alive in the first parity and a reduced culling rate during the first gestation.  相似文献   

The origins of hot plasma in the solar corona     

De Pontieu B  McIntosh SW  Carlsson M  Hansteen VH  Tarbell TD  Boerner P  Martinez-Sykora J  Schrijver CJ  Title AM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6013):55-58

The Sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, is heated to millions of degrees, considerably hotter than its surface or photosphere. Explanations for this enigma typically invoke the deposition in the corona of nonthermal energy generated by magnetoconvection. However, the coronal heating mechanism remains unknown. We used observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Hinode solar physics mission to reveal a ubiquitous coronal mass supply in which chromospheric plasma in fountainlike jets or spicules is accelerated upward into the corona, with much of the plasma heated to temperatures between ~0.02 and 0.1 million kelvin (MK) and a small but sufficient fraction to temperatures above 1 MK. These observations provide constraints on the coronal heating mechanism(s) and highlight the importance of the interface region between photosphere and corona.  相似文献   

Brain tryptophan hydroxylation: dependence on arterial oxygen tension   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

J N Davis  A Carlsson  V MacMillan  B K Siesj? 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(107):72-74

The accumulation of cerebral 5-hydroxytryptophan after decarboxylase inhibition was decreased in rats maintained at arterial O(2) tensions below 60 mm-Hg. In contrast, brain lactate was stable above 40 mm-Hg and brain adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate were unchanged above 30 mm-Hg. There was a linear correlation of brain 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation to cerebral venous O(2) tension. Cerebral tryptophan hydroxylase appears to have a poor affinity for oxygen and to be affected by slight hypoxia. The resultant decreases in monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism may explain the behavioral changes of mild oxygen deprivation.  相似文献   

Simultaneous and sensitive analysis of Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, and Fe in food and biological samples by ion chromatography.     

Mattias Fredrikson  Nils-Gunnar Carlsson  Annette Almgren  Ann-Sofie Sandberg 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(1):59-65

A sensitive and simple method for the simultaneous determination of nutritionally important minerals in food samples is in great demand. Ion chromatography coupled with UV-vis detection is shown to be an appropriate technique for this objective. The method is based on the formation of mineral complexes by pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid in the mobile phase. The complexes are then postcolumn derivatized with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), resulting in mineral-PAR complexes that are detected by UV-vis absorption at 500 nm. This facilitates the simultaneous separation and quantification of minerals in one chromatographic run. Within 16 min, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, and Fe are analyzed. When a 50 microL injection volume is used, the average detection limit is 5 ppb in the injection liquid. The detection limit makes it a superior alternative to AAS and, in several applications, also an alternative to ICP-MS techniques. Different sample treatments were evaluated. The concentration of acid in the treated sample varied with the sample treatment, which may cause a limitation for the injection volume. A crucial prerequisite to achieve the reported detection limits and to obtain reliable results is to completely exclude all contamination from instruments and materials.  相似文献   

Radioimmunoassay of Bovine,Ovine and Porcine Luteinizing Hormone with a Monoclonal Antibody and a Human Tracer     

M. Forsberg  R. Tagle  A. Mad  J.R. Molina  M.-A. Carlsson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1993,34(3):255

Forsberg, M., R. Tagle, A. Madej, J.R. Molina and M.-A. Carlsson. Radioimmunoassay of bovine, ovine and porcine luteinizing hormone with a monoclonal antibody and a human tracer. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 255-262.– A radioimmunoassay for bovine (bLH), ovine (oLH) and porcine (pLH) luteinizing hormone was developed using a human ¹²⁵ ILH tracer from a commercial kit and a monoclonal antibody (518B7) specific for LH but with low species specificity. Standard curves demonstrated similar binding kinetics when bLH, oLH and pLH were incubated with tracer and antibody for 2 h at room temperature. A 30-min delay in the addition of the tracer gave sufficient sensitivity when analysing pLH. Separation of antibody-bound LH from free hormone was achieved by using second antibody-coated micro Sepharose beads. The assay was validated and the performance compared with that of an RIA currently in use for determination of bLH and oLH (coefficient of correlation: 0.99 and 0.98). Regardless of the standards used, intra-assay coefficients of variation were <10% for LH concentrations exceeding 1 µg/L. The inter-assay coefficients of variation were <15%. The assay was used for clinical evaluation demonstrating the pre-ovulatory LH surge in two cyclic cows, LH pulsatility in an oophorectomized ewe and LH response to GnRH injection in a boar.  相似文献   

The Diurnal Variation of Urea in Cow’s Milk and how Milk Fat Content,Storage and Preservation Affects Analysis by a Flow Injection Technique     

J. Carlsson  J. Bergstrm 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1994,35(1):66

Six Swedish Red and White dairy cows, producing 20-39 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk were given a ration balanced in energy and protein. They had access to feed from 05.15 to 09.00 and from 13.00 to 16.30 and were milked at 06.15 and 15.30. The milk was analysed for urea with a FIA technique.There was a significant diurnal variation in milk urea. The highest values were found 3–5 h after the beginning of the morning feeding and the lowest values (down to 60% of the max. values) during late night. Within 1 h after the start of the morning feeding the urea values had increased significantly, but they had decreased within the same time after the start of the afternoon feeding. Since there was a pronounced diurnal variation in the milk fat content, the urea concentration was also recalculated to concentration in the water phase of the milk. It was higher in that phase, but the pattern of the diurnal variation was not changed significantly. However, analyses on milk with a very high fat content may give misleading results.There were no important differences in the milk urea concentration of different udder quarters. When calculated as concentration in the water phase of the milk, no differences in urea concentration were found between the beginning and the end of milking. The analytical method had a good precision (coefficient of variation max. 3%). The milk urea concentration was not changed significantly after storage during 10 days at 4°C when no preservative was added; but after 17 days the milk had turned sour and the urea value had increased. When a preservative (bronopole) was added the urea concentration remained unchanged during 17 days. Deepfreezing did not influence the urea concentration.  相似文献