Cerebral Blastomyces dermatitidis infection in a cat     

Smith JR  Legendre AM  Thomas WB  LeBlanc CJ  Lamkin C  Avenell JS  Wall JS  Hecht S 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(8):1210-1214

CASE DESCRIPTION: An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of signs of depression, circling, and visual deficits. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The cat had no cutaneous lesions, and results of an ophthalmologic examination and thoracic radiography were within reference limits. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a mass lesion involving the right parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes; the mass was in broad-based contact with the skull and smoothly marginated and had strong homogenous enhancement after contrast agent administration. During craniectomy, samples of the mass were collected for cytologic and histopathologic evaluations and microbial culture. A diagnosis of Blastomyces dermatitidis-associated meningoencephalitis with secondary pyogranulomatous inflammation was made. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Amphotericin B (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered on alternate days (cumulative dose, 1.75 mg/kg [0.8 mg/lb]). To minimize the risk of nephrotoxicosis, assessments of serum biochemical variables (urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations) and urinalyses were performed at intervals. The third dose of amphotericin B was postponed 48 hours because the cat became azotemic. The cat subsequently received fluconazole (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 5.5 months. Six months after discontinuation of that treatment, the cat appeared healthy and had no signs of relapse. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Brain infection with B dermatitidis is typically associated with widespread disseminated disease. The cat of this report had no evidence of systemic disease. Blastomycosis of the CNS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for brain lesions in cats from areas in which B dermatitidis is endemic.  相似文献   

Drivers of recent forest cover change in southern South America are linked to climate and CO2     

Ogunkoya  Ayodele  Kaplan  Jed  Whitlock  Cathy  Nanavati  William  Roberts  David W.  Poulter  Benjamin 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(12):3591-3606

Landscape Ecology - Widespread changes in forest structure and distribution have been documented in northern Patagonia over the past century. We employed LPJ-GUESS, a dynamic global...  相似文献   

Economic Analysis of Japanese Household Demand for Salmon     

Cathy Roheim  Wessells  James E.  Wilen 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(3):361-378

The recent glut of both wild and farmed salmon in world markets has forced producers to become aware of the need to expand their marketing efforts to ensure that demand is not outpaced by supply resulting in a further decline in prices. Japan has been a major market for wild salmon, particularly sockeye salmon from North America, since the introduction of the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone. As farmed supplies have continued to increase, exporters such as Norway and Chile have turned their attention to this market as well. Up until now, most of the farmed salmon exported to Japan has been targeted to the restaurant market. If exporters wish to expand their market in Japan, they may focus also on the retail market. Prior to any assessment of the potential of the retail market for fresh farmed salmon, it is useful to understand the role that salmon plays in Japanese household seafood consumption.
This paper examines household consumption patterns of salmon in Japan. An econometric model is presented which estimates household demand for fresh and salted salmon focusing specifically on the effects of seasonality, regional location, and prices of other seafood products. Two systems of demand equations, one for each of two regions of Japan, are specified and estimated using monthly data on prices and expenditures to capture the effects on household demand for 12 seafood products. Results indicate that seasonality plays a significant role in the demand for many seafood products, particularly fresh and salted salmon. In addition, these seasonal effects are not necessarily the same between regions of Japan. Salmon competes with different seafood products during different times of the year. A rich variety of factors should be considered when marketing fresh aquacultured salmon in the Japanese retail market.  相似文献   

Characterization of the Exoglucanase-Encoding Gene PaEXG2 and Study of Its Role in the Biocontrol Activity of Pichia anomala Strain K     

Grevesse C  Lepoivre P  Jijakli MH 《Phytopathology》2003,93(9):1145-1152

ABSTRACT The PaEXG2 gene, encoding an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase, was isolated from the biocontrol agent Pichia anomala strain K. PaEXG2 has the capacity for coding an acidic protein of 427 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 45.7 kDa, a calculated pI of 4.7, and one potential N-glycosylation site. PaEXG2 was disrupted by the insertion of the URA3 marker gene, encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase in strain KU1, a uracil auxotroph derived from strain K. Strain KU1 showed inferior biocontrol activity and colonization of wounds on apples, compared to the prototrophic strain. Antagonism and colonization were recovered after the restoration of prototrophy by transformation with the URA3 gene. Integrative transformation was shown to be mostly ectopic in strain K descendants (only 4% of integration by homologous recombination). PaEXG2 disruption abolished all detectable extracellular exo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity in vitro and in situ but did not affect biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on wounded apples.  相似文献   

Toxic shock syndrome in a horse with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia     

Holbrook TC  Munday JS  Brown CA  Glover B  Schlievert PM  Sanchez S 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(5):620-3, 601-2

A 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined because of clinical signs of pneumonia and shock. Mucous membrane petechiation and ventral edema were observed and considered to be a result of vasculitis. Epidermal necrosis developed on the distal portions of the limbs. The horse had a persistent high fever that was unresponsive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a nasal swab specimen and 2 transtracheal wash fluid samples. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and supportive treatment resulted in clinical improvement. However, resolution of the pulmonary infection required long-term (42 days) antimicrobial administration. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from this horse were positive for the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene and were shown to produce toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, the causative factor in toxic shock syndrome in humans. The horse's clinical signs were attributed to toxic shock syndrome secondary to pulmonary S. aureus infection.  相似文献   

Effects of the calcium channel antagonist amlodipine in cats with surgically induced hypertensive renal insufficiency   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mathur S  Syme H  Brown CA  Elliot J  Moore PA  Newell MA  Munday JS  Cartier LM  Sheldon SE  Brown SA 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(6):833-839

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether amlodipine besylate decreases systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) and reduces the prevalence of complications in cats with induced hypertensive renal insufficiency. ANIMALS: 20 cats with partial nephrectomy. PROCEDURE: Following reduction in renal mass, 10 cats were administered 0.25 mg of amlodipine/kg, PO, q 24 h (group A). Ten cats served as a control group (group C). Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean BP (MBP), physical activity, and pulse rate were measured continuously for 36 days by use of radiotelemetric devices. RESULTS: Compared with values for clinically normal cats, SBP, DBP, and MBP were significantly increased in cats of group C. Cats in group A had significant reductions in SBP, DBP, and MBP, compared with values for cats in group C. Albuminuria but not urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.317) with SBP in hypertensive cats. Prevalence of ocular lesions attributable to systemic hypertension in group C (7 cats) was greater than that observed in group A (2). Two cats in group C were euthanatized on day 16 because of nuerologic complications attributed to systemic hypertension. One normotensive cat in group A was euthanatized because of purulent enteritis of unknown cause on day 27. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Amlodipine had an antihypertensive effect in cats with coexistent systemic hypertension and renal insufficiency. Its use may improve the prognosis for cats with systemic hypertension by decreasing the risk of ocular injury or neurologic complications induced by high BP.  相似文献   

Electromyographic activity of the hyoepiglotticus muscle and control of epiglottis position in horses     

Holcombe SJ  Cornelisse CJ  Berney C  Robinson NE 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(12):1617-1621

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the hyoepiglotticus muscle has respiratory-related electromyographic activity and whether electrical stimulation of this muscle changes the position and conformation of the epiglottis, thereby altering dimensions of the aditus laryngis. ANIMAL: 6 Standardbred horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were anesthetized, and a bipolar fine-wire electrode was placed in the hyoepiglotticus muscle of each horse. Endoscopic images of the nasopharynx and larynx were recorded during electrical stimulation of the hyoepiglotticus muscle in standing, unsedated horses. Dorsoventral length and area of the aditus laryngis were measured on images obtained before and during electrical stimulation. Electromyographic activity of the hyoepiglotticus muscle and nasopharyngeal pressures were measured while horses exercised on a treadmill at 50, 75, 90, and 100% of the speed that produced maximum heart rate. RESULTS: Electrical stimulation of the hyoepiglotticus muscle changed the shape of the epiglottis, displaced it ventrally, and significantly increased the dorsoventral length and area of the aditus laryngis. The hyoepiglotticus muscle had inspiratory activity that increased significantly with treadmill speed as a result of an increase in phasic and tonic activity. Expiratory activity of the hyoepiglotticus muscle did not change with treadmill speed in 4 of 6 horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings reported here suggest that contraction of the hyoepiglotticus muscle increases dimensions of the airway in horses by depressing the epiglottis ventrally during intense breathing efforts. The hyoepiglotticus muscle may be an important muscle for dilating the airway in horses, and contraction of the hyoepiglotticus muscle may induce conformational changes in the epiglottis.  相似文献   

Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii Fed Natural Food Organisms Under Controlled Conditions     

James H.  Tidwell  Greg  Schulmeister  Cathy  Mahl Shawn  Coyle 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1997,28(2):123-132

Under production conditions freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii are supplied nutrients by a combination of prepared diets and natural pond organisms. For maximum production efficiency and profitability it is important that the nutritional contributions of natural foods be identified and quantified. In this study the relative importance of forage organisms previously identified as important natural foods for prawns in ponds were evaluated under controlled conditions. Juvenile prawns (average weight 1.80 ± 0.06 g) were stocked into 18 37.5-L aquaria at a density of 10 prawns per tank. The six dietary treatments tested were: 1) unfed (negative control); 2) commercially prepared diet (positive control); 3) oligo-chaetes; 4) chironomids; 5) zooplankton; and 6) a combination of the latter three. Each treatment was evaluated in triplicate aquaria for 7 wk. The growth rate of prawns in the unfed treatment was statistically lower than in fed treatments ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) between growth rates and survivals among prawns in the five fed treatments. Selective retention of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentanoic acid (22: 5n-3), and docosahexanenoic acid (22:6n-3) in unfed prawns likely indicates the relative nutritional importance of these fatty acids. Comparisons of whole-body fatty acid and amino acid concentrations of prawns and food organisms indicate that zooplankton and oligochaetes may have the most appropriate biochemical compositions as prawn food sources.  相似文献   

Functional investigation of a QTL affecting resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep     

Guillaume Sallé  Carole Moreno  Simon Boitard  Julien Ruesche  Aurélie Tircazes-Secula  Frédéric Bouvier  Mathias Aletru  Jean-Louis Weisbecker  Fran?oise Prévot  Jean-Paul Bergeaud  Cathy Trumel  Christelle Grisez  Emmanuel Liénard  Philippe Jacquiet 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):68

This study reports a functional characterization of a limited segment (QTL) of sheep chromosome 12 associated with resistance to the abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The first objective was to validate the identified QTL through the comparison of genetically susceptible (N) and resistant (R) sheep produced from Martinik × Romane back-cross sheep. The R and N genotype groups were then experimentally infected with 10 000 H. contortus larvae and measured for FEC (every three days from 18 to 30 days post-challenge), haematocrit, worm burden and fertility. Significant differences in FEC and haematocrit drop were found between R and N sheep. In addition, the female worms recovered from R sheep were less fecund. The second step of the characterization was to investigate functional mechanisms associated with the QTL, thanks to a gene expression analysis performed on the abomasal mucosa and the abomasal lymph node. The gene expression level of a candidate gene lying within the QTL region (PAPP-A2) was measured. In addition, putative interactions between the chromosome segment under study and the top ten differentially expressed genes between resistant MBB and susceptible RMN sheep highlighted in a previous microarray experiment were investigated. We found an induction of Th-2 related cytokine genes expression in the abomasal mucosa of R sheep. Down-regulation of the PAPP-A2 gene expression was observed between naïve and challenged sheep although no differential expression was recorded between challenged R and N sheep. The genotyping of this limited region should contribute to the ability to predict the intrinsic resistance level of sheep.  相似文献   

Biochar composites: Emerging trends,field successes and sustainability implications     

Liuwei Wang  Yong Sik Ok  Daniel C. W. Tsang  Daniel S. Alessi  Jörg Rinklebe  Ondřej Mašek  Nanthi S. Bolan  Deyi Hou 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):14-38

Engineered biochars are promising candidates in a wide range of environmental applications, including soil fertility improvement, contaminant immobilization, wastewater treatment and in situ carbon sequestration. This review provides a systematic classification of these novel biochar composites and identifies the promising future trends in composite research and application. It is proposed that metals, minerals, layered double hydroxides, carbonaceous nanomaterials and microorganisms enhance the performances of biochars via distinct mechanisms. In this review, four novel trends are identified and assessed critically. Firstly, facile synthesis methods, in particular ball milling and co-pyrolysis, have emerged as popular composite fabrication strategies that are suitable for large-scale applications. Secondly, biochar modification with green materials, such as natural clay minerals and microorganisms, align well with the on-going green and sustainable remediation (GSR) movement. Furthermore, new applications in soil health improvement and climate change mitigation support the realization of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, the importance of field studies is getting more attention, since evidence of field success is critically needed before large-scale applications.  相似文献