枯草芽孢杆菌在番茄病害防治上的应用与研究进展     

甘金佳  毛玲莉  孙成荣  潘美学  蒋水元 《长江蔬菜》2021,(8):42-48

综述了枯草芽孢杆菌在防治植物病害中的生防机制,包括竞争作用、拮抗作用、溶菌作用、诱导植物产生抗性和促进植物生长5个方面,介绍了枯草芽孢杆菌在6种番茄病害即灰霉病、青枯病、早疫病、立枯病、枯萎病、根腐病防治中的应用,并对其应用中存在的主要问题进行了总结、前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

月季花瓣衰老过程中可溶性蛋白的SDS—PAGE分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王然  罗松 《园艺学报》1998,25(3):306-307

对月季花瓣衰老过程中可溶性蛋白的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ进行了分析，结果表明，蛋白条带变化表现出３种情况：（１）从瓶插开始到结束蛋白条带基本保持稳定；（２）随花瓣衰老，蛋白条带逐渐减弱、消失；（３）随着花的衰老，有新的蛋白条带出现。对花进行ＡＢＡ或乙烯促衰处理，也导致相应的某些蛋白条带的变化，说明这些蛋白的变化可能与衰老有关。  相似文献   

哀牢山保护区景东片区中山湿性常绿阔叶林特点研究     

王春华  谢有能  周梓楠  刘国庆  鲁成荣  艾倩 《林业科技情报》2015,47(2):16-19

哀牢山位于云南省中部,保护区分布在哀牢山的中上部,其中景东片区面积为11 812hm2,位于哀牢山西坡北段。此次我们在哀牢山保护区主要保护对象之一的中山湿性常绿阔叶林中设置了样地,开展详细调查,并对调查数据进行了计算、统计、分析。通过各个样本乔木层、灌木层、草本层的H’值比较,发现乔木层﹥灌木层﹥草本层,表明乔木层的信息量大于灌木层,而草本层是该结构中相对较低的。  相似文献   

干旱条件下硝酸稀土对花生幼苗生长的影响     

聂呈荣  黎华寿  李梅  杜建莲 《中国土壤与肥料》2002,(3):11-14

适宜浓度的硝酸稀土溶液浸种后 ,花生种子的发芽率、发芽势、平均生长势和活力指数得到提高 ,种子出苗期缩短 1～ 2天 ,出苗率明显提高。在干旱条件下 ,经处理后的花生其幼苗抗旱性明显增强 ,根系发达、植株矮化、单株叶面积增大 ,分枝数增多 ;花生幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率也较高 ,细胞质膜透性降低 ,脯氨酸含量增加。硝酸稀土处理后 ,花生幼苗在干旱条件下表现出较强的抗旱性和较好的光合效能。在 5种不同浓度处理中 ,以 5 0 0mg/L硝酸稀土溶液浸种效果更好  相似文献   

不同温度差压预冷及其对西葫芦冷藏效果的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

季丽丽  梁芸志  陈存坤  董成虎  于晋泽  纪海鹏  王成荣 《农业工程学报》2018,34(1):287-293

为了延长西葫芦的采后保鲜期和减少营养物质的损耗,本文以西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo.L)为试材,比较了不同预冷温度对西葫芦预冷后的冷藏效果,分别置于-3、0、3和6℃差压冷库中,预冷到10℃,然后在10℃条件下冷藏。期间每4 d取一次样,测定其各项指标。结果表明:6℃预冷速度最慢,0和3℃快于6℃,-3℃预冷速度最快。与冷藏前相比,冷藏结束(16 d)时,0和3℃预冷组的丙二醛含量分别上升了66.76、71.63%,显著(P0.05)低于其他2个处理;4个组(分别为-3,0,3和6℃预冷组)的硬度分别下降了9.89%、7.46%、7.89%和11.19%;CAT活性分别为16.25、19.79、17.58和16.63 U/min?g;各组的维生素C含量分别下降了32.61%、20.65%、26.09%和30.87%;香气成分中醛类相对含量分别为69.94%、76.33%、71.47%和70.97%。与-3和6℃预冷相比,0和3℃预冷处理能够显著的延缓硬度的下降,降低呼吸速率和乙烯的释放量,因此能延缓西葫芦的采后衰老和延长货架期;并抑制了丙二醛的积累,减少组织损伤且抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和过氧化物酶的活性也受到抑制,提高了过氧化氢酶活性,因而可以降低活性氧伤害;并保持了较高的香气成分含量,而-3和6℃预冷的西葫在冷藏后期的呼吸强度及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性迅速升高,且-3℃的预冷处理使得西葫芦在之后的冷藏过程中出现了明显的冷害现象,即表皮长斑。因此0和3℃差压预冷对西葫芦的冷藏效果较好,研究结果为西葫芦采后冷链技术的发展提供了参考。  相似文献   

Soil soluble organic carbon and nitrogen pools under mono- and mixed species forest ecosystems in subtropical China     

Yumei M. Jiang  Chengrong R. Chen  Yuanqiu Q. Liu  Zhihong H. Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):1071-1081

Purpose  

The objective of the present study was to assess the differences in soil total C and N, microbial biomass C and N, soil soluble organic C and N among eight mono- and mixed species forest ecosystems (18-year-old restoration) in subtropical China.  相似文献   

Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition in adjacent native and plantation forests of subtropical Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Joanne Burton  Chengrong Chen  Zhihong Xu  Hossein Ghadiri 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(7):1267-1277

Purpose

Soil nitrogen (N) availability is a critical determinant of plantation productivity in subtropical Australia and is influenced by the soil microbial community. The size, structure and function of the soil microbial community can be impacted by land-use change and residue management. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of land-use change from (1) native forest (NF) to first rotation (1R) hoop pine plantation and (2) 1R hoop pine plantation to second rotation (2R) hoop pine plantation on the soil microbial community. The impact of residue management on the soil microbial community was also investigated in the 2R forest, where soil microbial parameters were measured in tree rows (2R-T) and windrows (2R-W). In addition, relationships between soil microbial parameters and soil N parameters were investigated.

Materials and methods

Each of the four treatments (NF, 1R, 2R-T and 2R-W) had five 24-m² replicate plots from which 15 soil cores were collected and bulked at three depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and N (MBN) and soil respiration were measured on field moist soils. In addition, carbon (C) source utilisation patterns were assessed using the whole soil MicroResp? technique (Campbell et al. 2003).

Results and discussion

Results indicate that the land-use change from NF to 1R hoop pine plantation significantly reduced MBC, respiration rate, soil total C and total N. Furthermore, the land-use change appeared to have a significant impact on the soil microbial community composition measured using MicroResp? profiles. Land-use change from 1R to 2R hoop pine plantation resulted in a decline in total C and MBN and a shift in microbial community composition. When compared to the 2R-T soils, the 2R-W soils tended to have a greater microbial biomass and respiration rate. Residue management also influenced the microbial community composition measured in the MicroResp? profiles.

Conclusions

Results indicate that land-use change had a significant impact on the soil microbial community, which was likely to be related to shifts in the quality and quantity of organic inputs associated with the change in land use. This may have significant implications for the long-term productivity of the soil resource. Further studies are required to confirm a difference in microbial community composition associated with residue management. In addition, long-term experiments in subtropical Australia are necessary to verify the results of this snapshot study and to improve our understanding of the impact of single-species plantation forestry and residue management on the soil microbial community, soil N dynamics and ultimately the long-term sustainability of the soil resource.  相似文献   

山核桃幼林和黄花菜间作技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙秀琴  李苇洁  杨承荣  杨正怀 《中国林副特产》2009,(3):5-7

通过对山核桃纯林、混交林（山核桃和楠竹）、林下间作（山核桃和黄花菜）等不同造林类型的调查和试验,筛选出山核桃幼林的最佳经营模式为山核桃×黄花菜,不仅能实现以短养长,而且具有较好的生态效益。根据黄花菜日产量变化图和趋势线,可以为制定采收和加工计划、合理安排人力物力等提供参考。  相似文献   

毛竹林不同经营管理措施对土壤理化性质的影响     

黄承标  尹华田  王凌晖  杨怀刚  孙成荣  李保平 《竹子研究汇刊》2010,29(3)

为提高毛竹林的生物生产力,在广西资源县中峰乡选择不同经营管理措施毛竹人工林设置土壤剖面和取样,按国家颁布标准测定其土壤理化性质。结果表明:(1)0~40 cm土层的土壤密度为0.735~1.14 g.cm-3;土壤总孔隙度为44.85%~58.56%;土壤通气度为30.7%~55.4%;土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量依次为53.87%~92.02%、37.05%~62.49%和21.21%~34.23%。(2)0~40 cm土层的土壤pH值为4.62~4.90;土壤有机质含量为16.78~79.37 g.kg-1,土壤全N、全P、全K含量依次为1.18~4.01 g.kg-1、0.94~1.91 g.kg-1和22.48~42.26 g.kg-1。(3)全垦抚育方式的土壤密度比不抚育方式略小;土壤孔隙度及持水量比不抚育方式略大;土壤有机质及N、P、K养分含量比不抚育方式略高。研究结果充分说明,该区毛竹林地土壤疏松、通气、透气性能良好,土壤酸减度适中,土壤有机质以及N、P、K养分含量较高,这些研究结果为该区毛竹人工林的经营管理与评价提供了重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

Responses of soil dissolved organic matter to long-term plantations of three coniferous tree species     

Shunbao Lu  Chengrong Chen  Xiaoqi Zhou  Zhihong Xu  Gary Bacon  Yichao Rui  Xiaomin Guo 《Geoderma》2012

Tree species have significant effects on the availability and dynamics of soil organic matter. In the present study, the pool sizes of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), potential mineralizable N (PMN) and bio-available carbon (C) (measured as cumulative CO₂ evolution over 63 days) were compared in soils under three coniferous species — 73 year old slash (Pinus elliottii), hoop (Araucaria cunninghamii) and kauri (Agathis robusta) pines. Results have shown that dissolved organic N (DON) in hot water extracts was 1.5–1.7 times lower in soils under slash pine than under hoop and kauri pines, while soil dissolved organic C (DOC) in hot water extracts tended to be higher under slash pine than hoop and kauri pines but this was not statistically significant. This has led to the higher DOC:DON ratio in soils under slash pine (32) than under hoop and kauri pines (17). Soil DOC and DON in 2 M KCl extracts were not significantly different among the three tree species. The DOC:DON ratio (hot water extracts) was positively and significantly correlated with soil C:N (R² = 0.886, P < 0.01) and surface litter C:N ratios (R² = 0.768, P < 0.01), indicating that DOM was mainly derived from litter materials and soil organic matter through dissolution and decomposition. Soil pH was lower under slash pine (4.5) than under hoop (6.0) and kauri (6.2) pines, and negatively correlated with soil total C, C:N ratio, DOC and DOC:DON ratio (hot water extracts), indicating the soil acidity under slash pine favored the accumulation of soil C. Moreover, the amounts of dissolved inorganic N, PMN and bio-available C were also significantly lower in soils under slash pine than under hoop and kauri pines. It is concluded that changes in the quantity and quality of surface litters and soil pH induced by different tree species largely determined the size and quality of soil DOM, and plantations of hoop and kauri pine trees may be better in maintaining long-term soil N fertility than slash pine plantations.  相似文献