Age-related Variation of Plasma Concentrations of Skatole, Androstenone, Testosterone, Oestradiol-17β, Oestrone Sulphate, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate, Triiodothyronine and IGF-1 in Six Entire Male Pigs     

G Zamaratskaia  J Babol  A Madej  EJ Squires  K Lundström 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(3):168-172

This study describes the age-related variation in boar taint compounds, skatole and androstenone, and testosterone, oestradiol-17 beta (E17 beta), oestrone sulphate (ES), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), triiodothyronine (T(3)) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in six boars. Three pairs of littermates of crossbred entire male pigs (from three Yorkshire x Duroc dams and one Hampshire sire) were included. Blood samples were taken at the age of 9-15 weeks and thereafter at weekly intervals from the age of 20-32 weeks. Plasma concentrations of skatole, androstenone, testosterone, E17 beta, ES, DHEAS, T(3) and IGF-1 were measured. We found that skatole levels in boars increased at the age around puberty after an increase in the levels of testicular steroids. Levels of skatole were not associated with the levels of sex steroids, T(3) and IGF-1. However, the increased level of testicular steroids is probably the underlying factor needed for high skatole levels to occur although the specific mechanism leading to increased skatole levels remains unknown.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION ON HEREFORD HEIFERS IN LATE PREGNANCY     

G.A. Kroker  L. J. Cummins 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(10):467-474

Two experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of attempting to control dystocia in Hereford heifers by restricting nutrition during late pregnancy. Nutritional level was controlled by varying feedlot rations in experiment 1 and by varying pasture availability in experiment 2. In neither experiment was the incidence of dystocia or stillbirths significantly affected by level of nutrition during late pregnancy. Calf birthweight was reduced and dam pelvic growth was retarded when the feed intake of heifers was restricted prior to calving. Clear evidence of the dangers associated with allowing heifers to lose too much weight in late pregnancy was provided by these experiments. The loss of around 0.5 kg/day during the last trimester of pregnancy was associated with weak labour, increase dystocia rates, increased perinatal mortality, reduced calf growth rate, prolonged post partum anoestrus and a reduced pregnancy rate (not all statistically significant differences). These effects were not evident in heifers which were maintaining or gaining weight at a moderate rate during late pregnancy. On the basis of this work it is suggested that heifers should be fed to allow modest rates of bodyweight gain (0--0.5 kg/day) during late pregnancy.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical Expression of Growth Factors in the Follicular Wall of Normal and Cystic Ovaries of Sows          下载免费PDF全文

FJF Sant'Ana  JL Reis Junior  GR Blume  EJ Gimeno  F Rey  HH Ortega 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):327-332

The expression of growth factors was evaluated immunohistochemically in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. The immunohistochemically stained area (IHCSA) was quantified by image analysis to analyse the expression of these proteins in the follicular wall of secondary, tertiary and cystic follicles. IGF‐I immunoreactivity was strong in the granulosa cell layer (GC), moderate in the theca interna (TI) and mild in the theca externa (TE) of the normal follicles. There was severe reduction of the labelling to IGF‐I in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts. In the normal follicles, the reactivity for IGF‐II was very similar to pattern noted in IGF‐I. There was reduction of the IHCSAs in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts, but the decrease was not significant. The staining of the IGF‐II in the TI and TE of the cysts was increased, in comparison with normal follicles. The IHCSAs for VEGF were higher in the GC and TE of the normal follicles in contrast to TI, but this difference was noted only in the tertiary follicle. The VEGF reactivity increased in the GC of the cysts, in relation to normal follicles. The results of the current study show that the formation of ovarian cysts in sows is associated with alterations in the immunohistochemical expression of some growth factors.  相似文献   

Learned histamine release   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M Russell  K A Dark  R W Cummins  G Ellman  E Callaway  H V Peeke 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4663):733-734

Most of the effort directed at understanding the problems of allergy has focused on the interacting components of the immune system. The possibility that histamine may be released as a learned response has now been tested. In a classical conditioning procedure in which an immunologic challenge was paired with the presentation of an odor, guinea pigs showed a plasma histamine increase when presented with the odor alone. This suggests that the immune response can be enhanced through activity of the central nervous system.  相似文献   

Quantitative exposure assessment for the combustion of meat and bone meal derived from specified risk material in the context of BSE in Ireland     

Cummins EJ  Grace PM  Fry DJ  McDonnell KP  Colgan SF  Ward SM 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2002,8(4):365-383

The probability and severity of an adverse event can be analyzed by quantitative exposure assessment (QEA). This methodology was applied to model the human health risks associated with the combustion of specified risk material (SRM) derived meat and bone meal (MBM) in a combustion facility. The identification of MBM and SRM as significant factors in the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has resulted in restrictions on their use and movement, and this has led to a requirement for alternative end-uses for these products. A stochastic (Latin Hypercube sampling) simulation model was developed to assess the exposure and hence the risks associated with the use of SRM-derived MBM in a combustion facility. The model simulates the potential infectivity pathways that SRM-derived MBM follows, including its production from animals potentially infected with sub-clinical BSE and subsequent processing of the material with segregation and heat treatments. A failure probability was included to take account of sub-optimal operating conditions. Two scenarios, reflecting the infectivity risk in different animal tissues as defined by the European Commission's scientific steering committee (SSC), were performed with 100,000 iterations of the model. Model results showed that the societal exposure to humans resulting from the combustion of SRM-derived MBM is extremely small (mean values ranging from 7.57 x 10(-6) ID50/year to 8.38 x 10(-5) ID50/year). The resulting societal risks are significantly less than the background societal risk of approximately 2.5 cases of sporadic CJD in Ireland each year. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the species barrier had a large impact on exposure calculations and hence should be the focus of further scientific investigation to reduce our uncertainty about this parameter. The model predicts that material spillage into untreated effluent represents the biggest risk to humans, indicating that efforts for risk mitigation should be focused on reducing the potential for spillage.  相似文献   

A live Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine efficacy trial   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C W Purdy  C W Livingston  G H Frank  J M Cummins  N A Cole  R W Loan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(6):589-591

A live Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 vaccine was used in an efficacy trial conducted on 100 lightweight feeder calves purchased from a Florida ranch. Forty-one calves were inoculated with the vaccine intradermally in the neck. Fifty-nine calves served as nonvaccinated controls. Fourteen days later, the calves were shipped to an order buyer in eastern Tennessee, where the calves were mixed with 60 local calves in a community sale barn for 72 hours. After 3 additional days, the calves were shipped to a research feedlot in Bushland, Tex. They remained in the feedlot for 56 days, and the test was concluded 76 days after vaccination. The P haemolytica vaccine had no significant effect on performance, morbidity, or mortality. There was no significant difference between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves in the number of times Pasteurella was isolated. The calves became seropositive to bovine viral diarrhea virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus during the 76-day experiment. All calves initially were seropositive to parainfluenza-3 virus. A virulent outbreak of IBR occurred 30 days after the calves arrived at the feedlot. Before the onset of IBR, the isolation of P haemolytica serotype 1 from nasal turbinates was rare (2 of 500 nasal swabs). After the IBR outbreak, P haemolytica serotype 1 was isolated from 40 of 92 calves.  相似文献   

Temporary protection of calves against adenovirus infection by nasal secretion interferon induced by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J M Cummins  B D Rosenquist 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(6):955-959

  相似文献   

Nitrogen kinetics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-stressed calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C Orr  D P Hutcheson  J M Cummins  G B Thompson 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(8):1982-1989

Eight crossbred feeder steers were used in two consecutive N balance studies to investigate the effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) on N kinetics. Balance Study 1, which followed a 10-d acclimation phase, consisted of 7 d of sample collection referred to as the healthy phase (d -7 to d -1). Study 2, the IBRV-infected phase, began 2 d after a nasal IBRV challenge and continued for 6 d (d 2 to d 8). A stable isotope, [15N]-glycine, was used to determine N kinetics in both studies. Steers weighed 203 kg at the beginning of the study, 208 kg at IBRV infection and 194 kg at the end of study. Infection with IBRV increased (P less than .05) urinary N excretion from 17.9 to 31.5 g/d. Daily N balance was reduced (P less than .05) during infection from 21.2 to -3.3 g/d. Total serum proteins increased (P less than .05) during infection from 6.6 to 7.1 g/100 ml, the increase being predominantly in the alpha and gamma globulin fractions. Blood urea-N increased (P less than .05) during infection from 6.5 to 12.9 mg/100 ml. The urine excretion curve of the stable isotope and the N balance data indicated that IBRV infection increased N turnover and altered tissue utilization of N.  相似文献   

Triple-bond reactivity of diphosphorus molecules     

Piro NA  Figueroa JS  McKellar JT  Cummins CC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5791):1276-1279

We report a mild method for generating the diphosphorus molecule or its synthetic equivalent in homogeneous solution; the P2 allotrope of the element phosphorus is normally obtained only under extreme conditions (for example, from P4 at 1100 kelvin). Diphosphorus is extruded from a niobium complex designed for this purpose and can be trapped efficiently by two equivalents of an organic diene to produce an organodiphosphorus compound. Diphosphorus stabilized by coordination to tungsten pentacarbonyl can be generated similarly at 25 degrees C, and in this stabilized form it still efficiently consumes two organic diene molecules for every diphosphorus unit.  相似文献   

Reversible reduction of oxygen to peroxide facilitated by molecular recognition     

Lopez N  Graham DJ  McGuire R  Alliger GE  Shao-Horn Y  Cummins CC  Nocera DG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6067):450-453

Generation of soluble sources of peroxide dianion (O(2)(2-)) is a challenge in dioxygen chemistry. The oxidizing nature of this anion renders its stabilization in organic media difficult. This Report describes the chemically reversible reduction of oxygen (O(2)) to cryptand-encapsulated O(2)(2-). The dianion is stabilized by strong hydrogen bonds to N-H groups from the hexacarboxamide cryptand. Analogous stabilization of peroxide by hydrogen bonding has been invoked recently in crystalline saccharide and protein systems. The present peroxide adducts are stable at room temperature in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF). These adducts can be obtained in gram quantities from the cryptand-driven disproportionation reaction of potassium superoxide (KO(2)) at room temperature.  相似文献