Comparison between the urine dipstick and the pH‐meter to assess urine pH in sheep and dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Labrini V. Athanasiou  Panagiotis D. Katsoulos  Eleni G. Katsogiannou  Zoe S. Polizopoulou  Myrto Diamantaki  Constantinos Kamatsos  Georgios Christodoulopoulos 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(2):284-288

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Developmental competence of heat stressed oocytes from Holstein and Limousine cows matured in vitro     

Konstantina Stamperna  Eleni Dovolou  Themistoklis Giannoulis  Maria Kalemkeridou  Ioannis Nanas  Katerina Dadouli  Katerina Moutou  Zissis Mamuris  Georgios S. Amiridis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1302-1314

The negative effects of heat stress on dairy cattle's fertility have been extensively studied, but the relevant knowledge for beef cattle is rather limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of HS during in vitro maturation on the developmental potential of oocytes derived from Limousine and Holstein cows and to estimate the effect of the differential gene expression of important genes in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts in the growth competence between the breeds. In seven replicates, cumulus oocyte complexes from Holstein and Limousine cows were matured for 24 hr at 39°C (controls C; Hol_39, Lim_39) or at 41°C from hour 2 to hour 8 of IVM (treated T; Hol_41, Lim_41), fertilized, and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days at 39°C. Cleavage and embryo formation rates were evaluated 48 hr post-insemination and on days 7, 8 and 9, respectively. From all groups, subsets of cumulus cells, oocytes and blastocysts were analysed for the relative expression of genes related to metabolism, stress, apoptosis and placentation. No difference was detected in cleavage rate or in blastocyst formation rate among the control groups. In both breeds, heat stress reduced blastocyst yield, but at all days the suppression was higher in Limousines. In Holsteins, altered gene expression was detected in cumulus cells (G6PD, GLUT1) and blastocysts (PLAC8), while in Limousines, differences were found in oocytes (G6PD, HSP90AA1), in cumulus cells (CPT1B, HSP90AA1, SOD2) and blastocysts (DNMT, HSP90AA1, SOD2). It appears that Holstein COCs are more tolerant than Limousine COCs, possibly due to compulsory, production driven selection.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle     

Ioannis Nanas  Mariana Barbagianni  Katerina Dadouli  Eleni Dovolou  Georgios S Amiridis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1329-1341

The objectives of this study were to assess alterations in, echogenic appearance, size and blood flow in the corpus luteum, the placentomes and the blood flow in umbilical and uterine arteries that heat stress can cause in cooled pregnant dairy cows. Pregnant cows were allocated in two groups and the gravid uteri, along with the ipsilateral corpora lutea were examined during the winter (group W, n = 9) or the summer (group S, n = 10). The grey-scale ultrasound and colour flow imaging of the corpus luteum and placentome were performed. In addition, the umbilical and uterine artery diameters and haemodynamic parameters in the vessels were calculated. At the time of ultrasonographic examination, cortisol concentrations were higher, and progesterone levels tended to be lower in group S compared to group W. The grey-scale ultrasound evaluation of corpora lutea and placentomes was lower in group S compared to group W. The diameter of umbilical artery and the blood volume in the vessel were less in group S than in group W. We infer that heat stress affects foetal blood supply and possibly the structure of placentomes and corpora lutea, but it differently affects the blood flow characteristics in the umbilical and uterine arteries.  相似文献   

Residues of spiroxamine in grapes following field application and their fate from vine to wine     

Tsiropoulos NG  Miliadis GE  Likas DT  Liapis K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):10091-10096

Dissipation of the fungicide spiroxamine in grapes of two vine varieties, Roditis and Cabernet Sauvignon, exposed to field treatments was evaluated. Vines of a grape vineyard located in central Greece were sprayed once or twice with a commercial formulation of the fungicide at 30 g a.i./hL. Residues in grapes, must, and wine were determined by gas chromatography/IT-MS after extraction with cyclohexane-dichloromethane (9:1), with a limit of quantitation 0.02 mg/kg in grapes and 0.012 mg/kg in wine. Under field conditions, spiroxamine dissipation on grapes was faster during the first 2 weeks and then slower to the sixth week. About 7 days after application, half of the initial spiroxamine concentration remained on the grapes; the respective proportion at 42 days was about 10%. At 14 and 35 days, residues were lower than 0.44 and 0.22 mg/kg, respectively, values below the maximum residue levels set by the European Union (1 mg/kg). Spiroxamine residues transferred from grapes into the must and through the vinification process into the wine were also studied. Mean transfer factors of 0.26 and 0.55 were found from grapes into wine for the wines obtained without maceration and with maceration, respectively. Residues in wine, prepared from grapes with a spiroxamine content of 0.11-0.20 mg/kg, varied from <0.026 to 0.09 mg/kg. Spiroxamine diastereomer B was found to dissipate slower than diastereomer A in the field as well as during the vinification process.  相似文献   

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christian R. Jensen  Adriano Battilani  Georgios Psarras  Franciszek Janowiak  Zorica Jovanovic  Xuebin Qi  Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):403-384

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses:structure-function coordination     

George Karabourniotis  Georgios Liakopoulos  Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos  Panagiota Bresta 《林业研究》2020,31(1):1-12

As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.The protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl avonoids.Both the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular level.During the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous phenolics.At later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the trichomes.Due to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive tissues.Protection from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ectance.Moreover,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and pathogens.Although the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic environment.In fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy metals.Hence,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.  相似文献   

Relationships of Spectral Reflectance with Plant Tissue Mineral Elements of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Under Drought and Salinity Stresses     

Blagoja Boshkovski  Constantinos Tzerakis  Georgios Doupis  Anhelina Zapolska  Chariton Kalaitzidis 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(5):675-686

ABSTRACT

Salinity and drought stresses are critical for Phaseolus vulgaris L. growth and development. They affect plants in various ways, including tissue mineral element content. Micro- and macro-elements in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. ‘Blue lake’ and cv. ‘Terli’) subjected to deficit irrigation and salinity treatments were investigated, both analytically and with regards to their effect on the leaves’ spectral reflectance. B (boron), K (potassium), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), Si (silicon) and Zn (zinc) appeared to be influenced by stress factors, mainly responding to salinity increase. The leaf spectral reflectance of the plants appeared to be significantly correlated with most of the elements under investigation. Multivariate regression identified a relationship of the reflectance at particular regions of the spectrum with phosphorus and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and indicated a significant correlation with B, Fe (iron), K, Mn, P (phosphorus) and Zn. Moreover, customized spectral indices, exhibiting significantly high correlation with B, Fe, K, Mg (magnesium), Mn, Na, P, Zn and N (nitrogen), were developed.  相似文献   

Vermiculite in Fluidized Bed as Decontaminating Agent for Liquid Phases     

Constantinos Sikalidis  Anestis Filippidis  Georgios Papastergios  Nikolaos Kantiranis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):5637-5641

Over the last decades, removal of potentially toxic and hazardous materials has received a great deal of attention in the field of environmental pollution. Problems associated with the disposal of the wastes of different kinds of industries led to studies of the sorption?Cuptake properties of clay minerals and zeolites. In the present research, the behavior of vermiculite particles ranging between 425 and 500???m in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed column for uptake of Cs, Hg, and Mn ions from aqueous solutions and wastes in the presence of competing cations has been studied in order to investigate techniques for decontamination of liquid phases. Vermiculite selectively removed high percentages of Cs even from low concentrations in the presence of competing cations. Also removed were up to 60?% of added Hg²⁺ at concentrations of 5?ppm from drinking water and about 84?% from seawater, and furthermore, Mn²⁺ was selectively removed from low-concentration (ca 10?ppm) industrial wastes even when the ratio of Mn²⁺ to competing cations was 1:94. The results suggest the potential use of vermiculite as decontaminating agent in well-designed fluidized bed columns.  相似文献   

Effects of understorey vegetation on tree establishment and growth in a silvopastoral system in northern Greece     

Stergios Gakis  Konstantinos Mantzanas  Dimitrios Alifragis  Vasilios P. Papanastasis  Athanasios Papaioannou  Dimosthenis Seilopoulos  Panagiotis Platis 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,60(2):149-157

The interaction between understorey plants and trees in a young silvopastoral system was studied in a sub-humid Mediterranean environment with cold winters in northern Greece. The experimental design was a split-split plot with three replications and included: three understorey treatments (grass, legume and control), two tree species (Acer pseudoplatanus and Pinus sylvestris) and two spacings (2.5×2.5 m and 3.5×3.5 m). The competition between herbaceous plants and trees resulted in significant differentiation in tree growth while their spacing did not produce any significant differences. The influence of trees on herbage yield either by plant species or spacing was not significant. During the early stages of establishment, a significant positive correlation was observed between sycamore growth and soil moisture, leaf weight, leaf area and leaf number as well as nitrogen and potassium concentration in leaves. Six years after planting the height increase of the sycamore trees was largest in the control treatment (415%), lowest in the grass treatment (134%) and intermediate (192%) in the legume treatment. Much higher was the increase obtained for the diameter, 161%, 207% and 536% respectively for the grass, legume and control treatments. The Scots pine trees grew faster than sycamore over the course of the experiment. Height increased by 397%, 351% and 400% and diameter by 518%, 443% and 683% respectively for the grass, legume and control treatments. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Determination of anabolic steroids in muscle tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kaklamanos G  Theodoridis G  Papadoyannis IN  Dabalis T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8325-8330

A specific and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-APCI-MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of four anabolic steroids [trenbolone, methylboldenone, methyltestosterone, and norethandrolone] in bovine muscle. Methyltestosterone- d 3 was used as internal standard. The procedure involved enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether, defattening, and final cleanup with solid-phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges. The analytes were analyzed by reversed-phase LC-MS/MS, acquiring two diagnostic product ions from the chosen precursor [M + H] (+) for the unambiguous confirmation of hormones. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for the detection and confirmation of residues in products of animal origin. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.3 ng/g and 1.0 ng/g, respectively. The accuracy and precision have been determined, with recoveries ranging from 83% to 104% and the CV factor not exceeding the value of 7%. The decision limits CCalpha were calculated and ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 ng/g while the detection capabilities CCbeta ranged from 0.09 to 0.25 ng/g. The method proved to be sensitive and reliable and thus renders an appropriate means for residue analysis studies.  相似文献