银杏幼苗叶片转化酶活性及其动力学   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

苏冬梅  罗丽华 《经济林研究》2004,22(4):10-11,18

采用波钦诺克XH法研究了田间和室内栽培的银杏幼苗叶片转化酶的活性及其动力学性质。结果表明:银杏幼苗叶片转化酶在pH值5.0、温度55℃时活性最强;该酶的米氏常数为3.7×10-2mol·L-1;室内盆栽的银杏幼苗叶片转化酶的活性显著高于田间栽培的同龄银杏幼苗叶片转化酶的活性。  相似文献   

蔬菜现代种业产业链特点与发展对策     

赵冬梅 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(12):4-8

我国蔬菜种业发展已进入一个新的阶段，如何实现蔬菜现代种业产业链中价值链的增值、企业链的畅通、供需链的衔
接、空间链的优化，值得思考与探索。  相似文献   

植烟土壤提取物质对烟株生长及根际土壤细菌多样性的影响     

陈冬梅  吴文祥  王海斌  黄锦文  陈兰兰  尤垂淮  吴林坤  张重义  林文雄 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(12):1614-1620

对盆栽烟草外源添加不同浓度植烟土壤提取物质(T1:40μg·mL-1;T2:120μg·mL-1;CK:蒸馏水对照),探讨植烟土壤提取物质对烟草生长及土壤细菌多样性的影响。结果表明,植烟土壤提取物处理使烟株生长受抑制,且随处理浓度的增加受抑制程度显著提高,具体表现为烟株变矮,叶面积变小,光合作用能力降低,且烟草的保护酶系统受到破坏,丙二醛含量随处理浓度加大而增加,T2处理的丙二醛含量是对照的3.44倍。对外源添加物质处理后烟草根际土壤微生物T-RFs分析发现,在对照检测到17个门24个纲,T1处理有14个门21个纲,T2有10个门17个纲;丰富度指数的变化也和门纲的变化一致,随着处理浓度的增加而显著降低。可见外源添加物质处理后,根际土壤细菌群落减少,多样性水平下降。对各处理的根际土壤微生物T-RFs变化与烟株生长变化进行相关性分析表明,在外源添加物质处理的土壤中存在较多的负相关T-RFs片段,且这些片段中较多为病原菌;而正相关的T-RFs片段主要存在于对照土壤中,其中有较多与土壤营养元素循环相关的微生物。本研究结果显示,在外源添加植烟土壤提取物质处理下,烟草的生长受抑制,烟草根际土壤的微生态受到破坏,且随浓度的提升而加重。因此,连作土壤中自毒物质的富集是造成烟草连作障碍的主要原因。关键词烟草连作障碍根际细菌自毒作用T-RFLP  相似文献   

Effects of Organic Acids,o-Phenylenediamine and Pyrocatechol on Cadmium Adsorption and Desorption in Soil     

Dong-Mei  Zhou  Huai-Man  Chen  Shen-Qiang  Wang  Chun-Rong  Zheng 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,145(1-4):109-121

This article studied the interaction of cadmium (Cd) and lowmolecular weight organics in Indicotic black (IB) soil.Cadmium adsorption isotherm in this soil was satisfactorilysimulated using Freundlich equation as Q = 905.6C^0.49 with high correlation (r² = 0.984), and its adsorption quantity increased with increasing pH. The presence of citricacid and EDTA significantly reduced Cd adsorption in soil,which was due to the formation of soluble Cd-organic complex. Concentration of cadmium ions in equilibrium solution was determined and percentages of [CdH₂Cit⁺]/[Cd-complex_Total],[CdHCit]/[Cd-complex_Total] and [CdCit^-]/[Cd-complex_Total] vs. pH were successfully calculated. Desorption percentage ofCd, adsorbed in the presence of citric acid and EDTA decreased, compared with that adsorbed in NaNO₃ media. It suggeststhat free sites for Cd adsorption in soil increased in thepresence of organic acid. When o-phenylenediamine, pyrocatechol and aminoethonic acid appeared in Cd equilibrium media, Cd adsorption quantity increased by increasing cation exchange ofpositively charged cadmium complex with soil at low pH. Compared with that performed in the absence of these organics, the exchangeable Cd, desorbed by 0.1 mol L^-1 NaNO₃, reduced obviously, which suggests that Cd-complex was moredifficult to be desorbed than Cd²⁺. Moreover, % Cd desorbedwas linearly correlated with the reverse of the total Cd adsorptionunder unsaturated adsorption.  相似文献   

钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9  

SI You-Bin  ZHOU Jing  ZHOU Dong-Mei  CHEN Huai-Man 《土壤圈》2004,14(1):111-116

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO₃)₂ decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.  相似文献   

不同处理条件下柔鱼胴体特性的变化     

张冬梅  俞鲁礼 《上海海洋大学学报》1999,(2):149-153

以北太平洋的柔鱼为原料，研究柔鱼的胴体在2℃、50℃和100℃的处理条件下，重量、水分含量及总氮量的变化。通过研究发现，去皮柔鱼胴体在2℃冷水中漂洗时，水分含量的变化是引起重量变化的主要原因，而在漂洗过程中总氮量变化不明显；带皮柔鱼胴体在50℃热水中漂洗时，漂洗水量的增加比时间的延长更有利于防止营养成分的损失；100℃漂烫时，为防止脱水及营养成分的流失，应控制在4分钟内完成。  相似文献   

早晚季不同水稻籽粒灌浆表现及其与耐光氧化特性的关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈冬梅  梁义元  肖美秀  梁康迳  林文雄 《中国生态农业学报》2006,14(1):37-41

试验研究早晚季不同水稻材料籽粒灌浆特性与耐光氧化反应特性的关系结果表明,耐光氧化反应特性强的适强光生态型水稻品种其达最大灌浆速率的时间较迟,且灌浆生长盛期终止亦迟,各参数在早晚季灌浆结实期保持相对稳定;而不耐光氧化的适弱光生态型品种则反之,其达最大灌浆速率的时间早,且生长盛期结束亦早,各参数在早晚季灌浆结实期稳定性相对较差。  相似文献   

受土壤类型和金属负荷量影响的重金属形态分布   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

ZHOU Dong-Mei  CHEN Huai-Man  HAO Xiu-Zhen  WANG Yu-Jun 《土壤圈》2002,12(4):309-319

Two series of soil subsamples, by spiking copper(Cu),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn)and cadmium(Cd)in an orthogonal design,were prepared using red soil and brown soil,respectively.The results indicated that heavy metal fractions in these soil subsamples depended not only on soil types,but also on metal loading quantity as well as on interactions among metals in soil.Lead and Cu in red soil appeared mostly in weakly specifically adsorbed(WSA),Fe and Mn oxides bound(OX),and residual(RES)fractions.Zine cxisted in all fractions except organic bound one,and Cd was major in water soluble plus exchangeable(SE)one.Different from the results of red soil,Pb and Cu was present in brown soil in all fractions except organic one,but over 75% of Zn and 90% of Cd existed only in SE fraction.Meanwhile,SE fraction for any metal in red soil was lower than that in brown soil and WSA and OX fractions were higher.It is in agreernent with low cation exchange capacity and large amounts of metal oxides included in red soil.Metal fractions in soil,especially for water soluble plus exchangeable one ,were obviously influenced by other coexisting metals.The SE fraction of heavy metals increased with increasing loading amounts of metals in red soil but not obviously in brown soil,which suggest that metal availability be easily affected by their total amounts spiked in red soil.In addition,more metals in red soil were extracted with 0.20 mol L^-1 NH4Cl（pH5.40）than that with 1.0 mol L^-1 Mg(NO3)2(pH7.0),but the reverse happened in brown soil,implicating significantly different mechanisms of metal desorption from red soil and brown soil.  相似文献   

蔬菜种业改革与发展——-天津科润黄瓜研究所经验谈   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

常冬梅  司智霞  王翠 《中国蔬菜》2011,1(13):1-4

2011 年5 月9 日,回良玉副总理在全国现代农作物种业工作会议上指出,“目前我国种业仍处于初级发展阶段,农作物育种创新能力、种业产业集中度、种子市场监管能力仍然较低,品种多乱杂、企业多小散、种子假冒伪劣等问题仍然突出,种业面临的国际竞争非常激烈,对此必须高度重视、积极应对。”在此前国务院出台的《关于加快推进现代农作物种业发展的意见》中,种业更首次被提高到国家战略的地位。此外,《意见》还明确了种业科研的分工,即国家级和省部级科研院所和高等院校要重点开展种业基础性、公益性研究,逐步建立以企业为主体的商业化育种新机制;明确了种子企业是种业发展的主体。业内人士预测,我国种业或将迎来一场大的变革。
如何适应现代农业发展的需要、推动种业自身革新、快速提升竞争能力、做大做强我国民族种业？应当引起每个人的思考。为此,本刊编辑部特别采访了天津科润黄瓜研究所所长,向大家展示他们的发展历程,取得的经验、教训,供同行业企业交流、借鉴。  相似文献   

生态系统健康研究现状及其定量化研究初探   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

张志诚  欧阳华  肖风劲  孙江华  宋冬梅 《中国生态农业学报》2004,12(3):184-187

阐述了健康的生态系统定义及其研究瓶颈与途径 ,健康的生态系统可以活力、组织性和恢复力等定性指标描述和衡量。中尺度生态系统定量化健康评价研究的主要瓶颈是确立健康生态系统标准。生态系统健康评价研究的途径可从生态系统受胁迫压力角度、系统恢复力或系统反作用力角度以及生态系统受到潜在“威胁”预测和健康预防的角度考虑 ,而系统结构和功能相结合是生态系统健康评价的基础  相似文献