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1.
S. Mohan Jain Eija Pehu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):133-139
Abstract Strawberry shoot meristem cultures have been used for producing virus-free strawberry plants. Plantlet regneration from leaf mesophyll protoplasts, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation, mark the beginning of strawberry improvement with biotechnologies. The use of biotechnological tools has a greater potential in producing strawberry plants with traits such as early maturation, frost and disease resistance, mite and nematode resistance, high yield, better quality, suitability for mechanical harvesting, shipping ability, ellgaic acid content, aroma compounds and cost-effective micropropagation. Gene identification and mapping with RFLPs or RAPDs would be desirable. Transgenic strawberries should be tested for their quality before releasing to the consumers. 相似文献
2.
Veli-Matti Rokka Yong-Sheng Xu Jyri Kankila Anja Kuusela Seppo Pulli Eija Pehu 《Euphytica》1994,80(3):207-217
Summary Symmetric somatic hybrids were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts of two dihaploid tuber-bearing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines and Solanum brevidens Phil., a diploid non-tuber-bearing wild potato species. A total of 985 plants was obtained. Verification of nuclear hybridity of putative hybrids was based on additive RAPD patterns, general morphological characteristics and chromosome counts. 53 (90%) calli regenerated into plants which were identified as somatic hybrids. Most of the hybrids were aneuploids at the tetraploid (4×) or hexaploid (6×) level. The 20 hybrids tested expressed a high level of resistance to potato virus Y (PVY
N
) characteristic of the S. brevidens parent. Resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) varied between hybrids, but was on average better than that of the fusion parents. Resistance of hybrids to bacterial stem rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (van Hall) Dye) was not superior to that of commercial potato cultivars. 相似文献
3.
The inheritance of resistance to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis was investigated in a cross between resistant (ILL5588) and susceptible (L692–16-l(s)) lines. F2:4 progenies and F6:8, F6:9 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were assessed for their wilt reaction for three seasons in a well-established wilt-sick plot. Resistance to wilt was conditioned by a single dominant gene in the populations studied. The map location of the Fw locus was identified for the first time through linkage to a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker (OPK-15900) at 10.8 cM. Two other RAPD markers (OP-BH800 and OP-DI5500) identified by bulked segregant analysis were associated in the coupling phase with the resistance trait, and another marker (OP-C04650) was associated with repulsion. The DNA markers reported here will provide a starting point in marker-assisted selection for vascular wilt resistance in lentil. 相似文献
4.
Summary Diffusive leaf resistance and transpiration rate were assessed in various potato genotypes includingS. tuberosum cvs. Atlantic, Cara, Alpha and Désirée,S. phureja clone PP5, a hybrid of Atlantic X PP5, and two anther-derived tetraploids of PP5. Resistance and transpiration were assessed
with an LI-1600 steady state porometer on well-watered plants and differences in leaf resistance and transpiration rate among
genotypes were obtained. These results imply that water economy may be improved by genotypes exhibiting small water losses.
Transpiration rates calculated by dividing the weight of water transpirted per second by the area of the plant's leaflets,
were lower than transpiration rates of young expanding leaflets assessed with the porometer. Nevertheless, the relative differences
among genotypes were evident and a similar relationship among genotypes was maintained in the two measures. Cv. Alpha had
lower transpiration rates, compared to Cara and Désirée, corresponding with its greater stomatal resistance. 相似文献
5.
Summary
Solanum brevidens showed calico mosaic symptoms in all the leaves, butS. etuberosum yellowing and yellow mosaic only in the top leaves, following graft-inoculation with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). The South
American potato virus SB-22 infected latentlyS. brevidens following graft-inoculation, whereasS. etuberosum was not infected. AMV was not transmitted to the ovules of AMV-infectedS. brevidens andS. etuberosum. However, AMV was transmitted to the seeds ofS. etuberosum through pollen, resulting in 0.9% infected seeds.S. brevidens infected by SB-22 produced up to 20.2% of virus-infected germinable seed, and in some of the seed lots of infectedS. brevidens the germination rate was as low as 1.0%. 相似文献
6.
T. M. Pehu Ph.D. student T. K. Mäki-Valkama J. P. T. Valkonen K. T. Koivu Ph.D. student K. M. Lehto E. P. Pehu 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(9):523-532
The cloned P1 sequence of PVYO was transferred in sense orientation into the potato cultivar Pito usingAgrobacteriummediated transformation. Sixteen of the putatively transformed plants (NPTII positive) were assayed for PVYO resistance. No PVYO was detected in four plants, representing two lines, 21 days after two sap-inoculations and 35 days after graft-inoculation, and the plants remained symptomless, whereas other tested plants showed mosaic symptoms and had high PVY titers similar to those of the control plants. No line was resistant to PVYN and potato viruses A and X. Southern analysis confirmed the presence of the transgene(s) in the two PVYO-resistant and one susceptible line examined, but no signal was detected in nontransformed Pito. These results suggest a high level of protection against PVYO in potato transformed with P1 sequence of PVYO. 相似文献
7.
A total of 1000 anther-derived plants was regenerated from tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes. Capacity to undergo androgenesis was analysed in 41 potato cultivars and 7 clones grown either in the greenhouse or in the field. Of the 48 genotypes, 33 produced embryos and 23 regenerated shoots from embryos. Anther-derived plantlet production was determined in genotypes 86110, Agria, Calgary, Escort, Helios, Idole, JO 0982 JO 1432, Kainuun Musta, Kardal, KE48, Matilda, Nicola, Petra, Pito, Rustica, Stirling, Torridon, Ute, Van Gogh, Vebeca, Vento and White Lady. The highest number of shoots (24 shoots/100 anthers) was obtained from cv. Calgary, when anthers were isolated from field-grown donor plants. Incubating anthers at 28 C, rather than at 20 C or 24 C, enhanced embryo production in four genotypes tested. However, shoot production was improved only in cv. Pito cultured at 28 C. When anthers of cv. Petra were cultured at 28 C for four weeks, followed by reduction of culture temperature to 24 C, a high rate of shoot production was recorded (14 shoots/100 anthers). The ratio between dihaploids and tetraploids varied among the anther-derived plants of the different genotypes. The number of dihaploids was highest in potato clone JO1432 (100%) and in cv. Calgary (93%) and lowest in cvs. Pito (21%) and Torridon (6%). 相似文献
8.
Veli-Matti Rokka Jari P. T. Valkonen Airi Tauriainen Leena Pietilä Renata Lebecka Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska Eija Pehu 《American Journal of Potato Research》2000,77(3):149-159
Protoplasts were fused to produce somatic hybrids between a triploid (2n=3x=32-34) interspecific somatohaploid betweenSolanum brevidens Phil. andS. tuberosum L., and a dihaploid (2n=2x=24) anther-derived line ofS. tuberosum cv. Van Gogh. A total of 265 plants were regenerated from protoplast fusion derived calli and their hybridity was verified using fusion partner specific RAPD markers. These “second generation” somatic hybrids were aneuploid pentaploids (2n=5x=51-65) with a 2C DNA content ranging from 3.36 to 4.43 pg, which corresponded to the sum of the 2C values of each of the fusion partners (somatohaploid: 2.22 pg; and the dihaploid line of cv. Van Gogh: 1.87 pg). Most of the “second generation” somatic hybrids were vigorous, but variable in morphology. They were extremely resistant to PLRV and they had tolerance to PVY infection derived from the somatohaploid fusion partner. Even though most of the “second generation” hybrids tuberized, the tuber morphology was variable and most were poorly shaped. InErwinia soft rot resistance tests, the tubers showed higher level of resistance than the tetraploidS. tuberosum cultivars, the dihaploidS. tuberosum fusion partners and the hexaploid somatic hybrids betweenS. brevidens andS. tuberosum. The “second generation” somatic hybrids were all male sterile and failed to produce berries or seeds. 相似文献
9.
10.
Kati?VaajasaariEmail author Anneli?Joutti Eija?Schultz Salla?Selonen Henrik?Westerholm 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2002,2(4):194-202
Background Petroleum products are widely used in various sections of industry and they are one of the most abundant sources of environmental
contamination. These products are classified by their physico-chemical properties such as boiling point, density and viscosity.
Oil contamination in the environment is primarily evaluated by measuring the chemical concentrations of petroleum products
in the solid or water phase. The results of chemical analyses do not correspond directly with the harmful environmental effects
of petroleum products on the soil flora and fauna, because the interactions between oil compounds and the production of their
methabolites in soil are not measured in chemical assessments. These kinds of effects of complex chemical mixtures in soil
can be estimated by bioassays. Therefore, ecotoxicological tests are important for estimating soil quality in the risk assessment
of oil-contaminated soil sites.
Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the oil-contaminated soil site of a closed petrol station with both chemical and
ecotoxicological methods. The goals of this study were to compare the sensitivity of the terrestrial and aquatic bioassays
and to compare the toxicity responses of aquatic bioassays determined from three different extraction procedures. In addition,
our aim was to characterise a cost-effective battery of bioassays that could be applied to a comparison of oil-contaminated
soils. It was in our interest to investigate oil-contaminated soil with oil concentrations of 2500–12000 mg/kg and to find
out the possible differences between terrestrial and aquatic toxicity tests.
Methods Six soil samples from a closed petrol station were examined for toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic tests. Terrestrial tests
includedEnchytraeus albidus survival and reproduction assays and seed germination assays using wheat, cress, lettuce, and red clover seeds and growth
inhibition assays of onions. The toxicities of the water-extractable fractions of the soil samples obtained from three different
extractions were tested with aquatic bioassays based on plants (onion and duckweed growth inhibition tests), microbes (luminescent
bacteria test), and enzyme inhibition (reverse electron transport test, RET). Chemical analyses of the solid samples were
carried out simultaneously. Results. Oil concentrations ranged from 2500 to 12000 mg/kg, BTEX varied from 300 to 2800 mg/kg,
and fuel additives: MTBE and TAME from 0.0 1 to 260 mg/kg. Only the sample contain-ing 12000 mg/kg oil had a significant toxic
impact on all test organisms. Soil samples with oil concentrations 2500–6200 mg/ kg had no or only slight adverse effects
on the test organisms with one exception, theE. albidus reproduction test. TheE. albidus survival and reproduction tests were the most sensitive bioassays of the terrestrial tests, and the luminescent bacteria
test of the aquatic tests. 相似文献