In vitro spasmolytic effect of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera on Guinea-pig trachea smooth muscle chain     

Iwalewa EO  Elujoba AA  Bankole OA 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(2):250-253

The aqueous extract of Calotropis procera was evaluated for its spasmolytic effect using in vitro trachea smooth muscle chain of Guinea-pig. The extract (50, 100 and 200 microg/ml) showed a dose-dependent relaxant activity probably exhibited through the direct relaxant action on the smooth muscle.  相似文献   

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze     

Kouakou Laurent Kouakou  Irié Arsène Zoro Bi  Yao Georges Abessika  Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou  Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.  相似文献   

Genetic control of alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase isozymes in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)     

I. Zoro  BI A. Maquet  B. Wathelet  J. P. Baudoin 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(2):181-185

A suitable electrophoretic separation method for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). malate dehydrogenase (MDH). and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) from P. lunatus has been developed. Two loci (Adh-2 and Pgm-2) showed codominant inheritance and fitted Mendelian ratio. ADH isozyme banding patterns indicate a dimeric quaternary structure. while those of PGM were in agreement with a monomeric nature. The cytoplasmic location of two MDH isozymes (Mdh-1 and Mdh-2) selectively inactivated by homogenization in an ascorbic acid solution was demonstrated. However. distorted ratios were observed for Mdh-2 segregation. On the basis of MDH isozyme banding patterns observed in five progeny families, il is suggested that this enzyme system is a dimeric protein encoded by at least three codominant genes (Mdh-1 .Mdh-2 and Mdh-3). Joint segregation tests between pairs of segregating loci (Adh-2, Mdh-2, and Pgm-2) indicated that each of them is inherited independently.  相似文献   

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on rhizobacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis     

Anat Lerner  Ezekiel Baudoin  Yvan Moenne-Loccoz  Edouard Jurkevitch 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(6):1212-1218

Nucleic acid-based techniques allow the exploration of microbial communities in the environments such as the rhizosphere. Azospirillumbrasilense, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), causes morphological changes in the plant root system. These changes in root physiology may indirectly affect the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere. In this study, the changes in the rhizobacterial structure following A. brasilense inoculation of maize (Zea mays) plants was examined by PCR-denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), using two universal primers sets for the 16S rRNA gene, and an intergenic 16S-23S rDNA primer set, respectively. Similar results were obtained when using either ARISA or DGGE performed with these different primer sets, and analyzed by different statistical methods: no prominent effect of A. brasilense inoculation was observed on the bacterial communities of plant roots grown in two different soils and in different growth systems. In contrast, plant age caused significant shifts in the bacterial populations.  相似文献   

Ethics. The ethics of international research with abandoned children     

Millum J  Emanuel EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5858):1874-1875

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Society for Industrial Microbiology,Washington Section (P2)     

Ezekiel WN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1958,127(3295):428-429

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Public health. Who should get influenza vaccine when not all can?     

Emanuel EJ  Wertheimer A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5775):854-855

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Alien chromosome transmission and somatic elimination in monosomic addition lines of Gossypium australe F. Muell in G. hirsutum L.     

Djibril Sarr  Jean-Marc Lacape  Jean-Marie Jacquemin  Halima Benbouza  André Toussaint  Jean-Pierre Baudoin  Guy Mergeai 《Euphytica》2012,183(1):55-64

The efficiency of using monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) to introgress agronomical traits of interest carried by wild diploid Gossypium species into the main cultivated cotton species G. hirsutum depends on the opportunities of confronting the alien chromosome with the recipient background genome at each generation and on the occurrence of translocations and homoeologous recombinations. The selfed-progeny of five MAALs of G. australe in G. hirsutum was screened with SSR markers to determine the transmission frequency of the alien chromosome and monitor its integrity. Three MAALs revealed a transmission frequency significantly lower than the expected ratio and one MAAL presented an exclusive transmission of the additional chromosome. In these four MAAL the alien chromosome was transmitted almost unaltered. With the fifth MAAL the alien chromosome was normally transmitted but was altered in half of the plants carrying it. In one MAAL, normally carrying brown fiber, the emergence of some plants carrying white and brown fiber revealed the somatic elimination of the additional chromosome. The loss of this chromosome seems to be triggered by its deletion.  相似文献   

Effect of native and allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Casuarina equisetifolia growth and its root bacterial community     

Nathalie Diagne  Ezékiel Baudoin  Sergio Svistoonoff  Christine Ouattara  Diegane Diouf  Aboubacry Kane 《Arid Land Research and Management》2018,32(2):212-228

Exotic trees are often planted to recover degraded lands. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi can improve their survival. Plant growth is partly dependent on the strain used, but little attention has been paid to the selection of mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of this study was to determine whether the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Johnson) is affected by two different mycorrhizal inocula generated using fungal spores retrieved from an Australian site (allochthonous soil) and a Senegalese site (native soil) under C. equisetifolia trees. Comparative experiments were conducted with plants in a Senegalese soil, previously sterilized or not, and grown in a greenhouse. At harvest, parameters related to plant growth and mycorrhization were evaluated and soil bacterial communities were compared. Tree growth was significantly influenced by both types of inoculants. In unsterilized soil, plants inoculated with the native inoculant were taller than plants inoculated with the allochthonous inoculant and control plants. The frequency of mycorrhization with both inoculants was higher in unsterilized soil. The strongest effects of the mycorhizosphere on the soil microbiome were obtained with the allochthonous inoculum, and analysis of the taxonomic composition revealed mycorrhizal communities specific to each inoculum. These results suggest that the development of C. equisetifolia and its root bacterial community are dependent on the composition of the mycorrhizal inoculum. The functional consequences of this rhizosphere effect in terms of soil fertility should be further studied to better guide reforestation operations.  相似文献   

Changes in the composition of native root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities during a short-term cover crop-maize succession     

Alessandra Turrini  Cristiana Sbrana  Luciano Avio  Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru  Gionata Bocci  Paolo Bàrberi  Manuela Giovannetti 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(5):643-653

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