Ethnobotanical knowledge of pastoral community for treating livestock diseases in Somali regional state,eastern Ethiopia     

Kebede  Ewonetu  Mengistu  Melese  Serda  Biresaw 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(6):1379-1386

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Modern livestock health care is still at its lowest stage in Ethiopia and most modern veterinary services like drugs and veterinary professionals are not...  相似文献   

Variation for resistance to Puccinia hordei in Ethiopian barley landraces     

Fekadu Alemayehu  J. E. Parlevliet 《Euphytica》1996,90(3):365-370

Summary Up to 100 single plant derived lines of 18 Ethiopian barley landraces were evaluated for infection type in the seedling and adult plant stage, and for latent period in the adult plant stage only. A low infection type indicates the presence of race-specific resistance genes of the hypersensitive type, while the latent period is the major component of the polygenic, partial resistance.In the seedling stage 1721 of these single plant derived landrace lines were assessed for infection type against two barley leaf rust races. In the adult plant stage 1227 from these 1721 lines were evaluated for infection type against one race. In the seedling stage 2 (against race 1-2-1) and 29 against race A) out of the 1721 lines showed an infection type lower than 6–7 on the 0 to 9 scale. In the adult plant stage none of the 1227 lines had an infection type lower than 6–7 against race 1-2-1.The variation between and within the landraces for latent period in the adult plant stage was large. Some landraces such as landrace 212845 showed a highly significant and longer mean latent period than most other landraces. Virtually all plants in all landraces carry at least some partial resistance.The near-absence of race-specific, major, resistance genes and the high frequency of moderate levels of partial resistance indicates that the durability of leaf rust resistance in Ethiopian barley landraces is due to the latter type of resistance, and that the multiline principle does not operate.  相似文献   

Infectious bursal disease: seroprevalence and associated risk factors in major poultry rearing areas of Ethiopia     

Shiferaw Jenbreie  Gelagay Ayelet  Esayas Gelaye  Fekadu Kebede  Stacey E. Lynch  Haileleul Negussie 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):75-79

The study was conducted in eight districts of Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of infectious bursal disease (IBD). From the total of 2,597 chicken serum samples examined using ELISA, 83.1 % were found positive. The highest seroprevalence was found at Mekele (90.3 %) while the lowest was recorded at Gondar district (69.8 %). These differences among the study areas were statistically significant (p?<?0.05). Highest seroprevalence was found in crossbreed of chicken (91.4 %) while the lowest was recorded in indigenous breed of chicken (81.4 %). This difference was statistically significant (p?<?0.05) among the three breeds of chickens, but sex was not statistically significant (p?>?0.05). The seroprevalence of the disease was found high in young (≤8 weeks) age group (86.6 %) while the lowest prevalence was recorded in adults (>8 weeks) (72 %). This is also statistically significant (p?<?0.05) between young and adult age groups. The prevalence of IBD in different production system indicated that higher seroprevalence was recorded in intensive production system (85.9 %) while the lowest was recorded in extensive production system (81.6 %). This difference is also statistically significant (p?<?0.05).  相似文献   

Collective management on communal grazing lands: Its impact on vegetation attributes and soil erosion in the upper Blue Nile basin,northwestern Ethiopia     

Mengistu Alemayehu  Tilahun Amede  M. Böhme  K.J. Peters 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):271-279

Collective action, on communal grazing land, has evolved in the highlands of northwestern Ethiopia to mitigate the problems of feed shortage and land degradation due to overgrazing. The exercise is liked by farmers for improving the availability of natural pasture during the long dry season when other feed sources get depleted. However, large portions of the communal grazing lands are still managed under free grazing throughout the year. This study was undertaken in Maynet village in the upper Blue Nile basin, northwestern Ethiopia, to assess the impacts of three different types of grazing land management (GLM) and two slope gradients (<10%; 15–25%) on aboveground herbaceous biomass yield, ground cover, species richness, runoff, soil loss and soil bulk density of grazing lands. The GLMs include (a) freely open communal GLM, (b) restricted communal GLM – collective management of communal grazing land locally named as ‘yebere sar’ and (c) private holding GLM. Stocking density was more than carrying capacity of grazing lands across all GLMs. However, the extent of overstocking problem was exceptionally severe in freely open communal GLM. The interaction between GLM and slope was significant (P<0.05) for runoff, soil loss and runoff coefficient. The average runoff coefficient was close to 50% in freely open communal GLM on steeper slopes (15–25%). Freely open communal GLM on steeper slopes resulted in consistently highest cumulative runoff and soil loss amounting to 491 mm and 32 t/ha per year, respectively. Polynomial regression analysis showed that quadratic relationship (r²=0.87) existed between soil loss and runoff. But, soil loss was close to nil when runoff did not exceed 2 mm per rainfall event. As expected, restricted communal GLM appeared to reduce surface runoff by more than 40% and curb the rate of soil erosion by more than 50% compared to freely open communal GLM. Its vegetation cover persisted above 70% throughout the year, meeting the threshold level recommended to keep surface runoff and soil loss to minimum. Reducing the problem of overstocking and pasture resting in August–November are important components to improve ground cover and aboveground herbaceous biomass yield, which in turn reduce land degradation on grazing lands.  相似文献   

Identification of Farmer Priorities in Potato Production Through Participatory Variety Selection     

Semagn Asredie Kolech  Donald Halseth  Keith Perry  Walter De Jong  Fentahun Mengistu Tiruneh  David Wolfe 《American Journal of Potato Research》2015,92(6):648-661

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Occurrence of aphid vector and genetic tolerance to infection by potyvirus in hot pepper     

Fekadu Marame  Chemeda Fininsa  Harjit Singh  Lemma Dessalegne  Anhild Andersson  Roland Sigvald 《Euphytica》2010,172(1):77-91

The productivity and marketable quality of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) are low in tropical regions mainly due to virus infections and lack of effective virus management strategies. The absence of effective virus management strategies could be attributed to lack of information on virus vectors and host resistance. Parental (P₁ and P₂) and progeny (F₁, B₁, B₂ and F₂) generations of five hot pepper crosses were grown in Ethiopia at three sites (Bako, Hawasa and Melkasa) to monitor number and species of potential aphid vectors, disease incidence levels with regards to natural infections by Potato virus Y (PVY) and Ethiopian pepper mottle virus (EPMV) complex, and to determine genetic tolerance of the crop to the viruses. Disease incidence was assessed before the flowering stage of the crop plants using visible disease symptoms due to infections by PVY and EPMV. The serological tests revealed presence of symptomless genotypes of the crop to the virus infections. Aphid species potentially transmitting the viruses, such as Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Aphis fabae (Scopoli), and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were identified from specimens caught by yellow water traps. The highest number of aphids from yellow water traps was recorded at a dense foliage growth stage of the crop at Melkasa. Highly significant variation was observed among generations of the five crosses in response to infections by PVY and EPMV complex. The most susceptible parents had the levels of disease incidences ranging from 80 to 90%, whereas their progenies had only below 30% incidence levels. The most tolerant parent remained symptomless to the natural infections of PVY- and EPMV-complex. Incidence levels in progenies of a cross from the most susceptible and tolerant parents remained below 20%. Based on serological test, the proportion of PVY-positive plants ranged from 0 to 75% and of EPMV-positive plants from 0 to 25%, with 0 to 17% co-infection by the two viruses. Availability of virus sources in the vicinity, efficiency of aphids in vectoring, weather conditions during the growth period, genetic tolerance and the growth stage of the crop affected natural infection by PVY- and EPMV-complex. Exploitation of the genetic potential of introduced elite genotypes and their progenies along with breeding elite local cultivars for resistance and excluding aphid vectors at young (seedling) stage of the crop plants could be helpful for minimizing losses in yield and quality of hot pepper due to infections by PVY- and EPMV-complex.  相似文献   

Seroepidemiological study of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in three agroecological zones in Ethiopia     

Zelalem Nigussie  Tariku Mesfin  Tefera Sertse  Tadele Tolosa Fulasa  Fekadu Regassa 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):319-321

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The role of Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determination homologs,Mi-sdc-1 and Mi-tra-1 in Meloidogyne incognita     

Baniya  Anil  Joseph  Soumi  Duncan  Larry  Crow  William  Mengistu  Tesfamariam 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(2):439-452

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Sex determination is a key developmental event in all organisms. The pathway that regulates sexual fate has been well characterized at the molecular level in...  相似文献   

Avian pathology in Ethiopia. Examination of 198 necropsies performed 1983-1984 at the Debre-Zeit Faculty of Veterinary Medicine     

J Alamargot  A Mengistu  F Gebreab 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1985,38(2):130-137

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Comparative slaughter performance and carcass quality of three Ethiopian fat-tailed hair sheep breeds supplemented with two levels of concentrate     

Ayele  Shashie  Urge  Mengistu  Animut  Getachew  Yusuf  Mohammed 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(1):187-198

Tropical Animal Health and Production - A study was conducted to compare carcass and noncarcass yield, carcass composition, conformation, and fat depot partitioning of three Ethiopian fat-tailed...  相似文献