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Abstract. The feasibility of including individual records on correlated traits in a family selection programme which aims to increase resistance to furunculosis in Atlantic salmon was studied; markers were selected because of their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Fibrinogen and α2 -antiplasmin both show genetic variation; both are correlated with survival after challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida , the correlation being 0·44 and 0·37 ( P < 0·05), respectively, and it is possible to measure both on a large scale at low costs. Contrary to α2 -antiplasmin, fibrinogen was negatively correlated with survival due to furunculosis within the 10 most resistant families and within the 10 most susceptible families in contrast to an overall positive correlation. This inconsistency could be attributable to the presence of different allelic phases in different families, and of major linked loci influencing survival and fibrinogen levels. Thus, only α2 -antiplasmin fulfils the requirements for a marker trait for resistance to the disease suitable for individual selection at the population level, whereas the use of fibrinogen would be restricted to within family selection. The full statistical model explained 51% of the variation in resistance to furunculosis, and α2 -antiplasmin contributed 15% to this variation when considered as a separate entity. Thus, the additional gain from including individual records on α2 -antiplasmin in a family selection programme could be significant. 相似文献
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Partition of fourteen volatile compounds, representing the diverse physicochemical properties of aroma compounds, was measured by static equilibrium headspace in solutions containing the components of artificial saliva, either singly or in mixtures. Comparison of a bovine salivary mucin and pig gastric mucin showed no significant difference in partition behavior of the volatiles, so gastric mucin was used. Mucin viscosity changed with pH, but binding of volatile compounds did not show a marked dependence on pH. All combinations of the salivary components were tested for their effect on partition. Three types of behavior were noted. Partition of some compounds was unaffected by mucin, and with other compounds mucin decreased partition, whereas another group showed a decrease with mucin that was affected by the presence of salivary salts and sugar. When volatiles or sugar were added to a mucin solution, the final headspace concentration depended on the order of addition, indicating some competition for binding. These solute-mucin effects are discussed in relation to mucin structure and behavior in solution. 相似文献
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基于改进Bayes抠图算法的麦穗小穗自动计数方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
小麦产量评估需人工获取田间单位面积的麦穗数和麦穗小穗数，往往耗时耗力。为了实现高效、自动地麦穗小穗计数，提出一种基于改进Bayes抠图算法的麦穗小穗自动计数方法。该方法首先利用改进Bayes抠图算法对获取地自然生长条件下的麦穗图像进行抠图，将麦穗从自然背景中分割出来。然后对该图像进行平滑滤波和二值化，运用迭代极限腐蚀运算对二值化图像进行腐蚀处理，去除麦穗图像中的麦芒，分离出麦穗上每个单独的麦穗小穗。再运用面积滤波滤除掉面积过小的区域，对剩余区域的黑洞进行填充，由此每个单独的麦穗小穗形成一个单独的连通区域，最后对连通区域进行标记和计数，完成麦穗小穗的自动计数。使用4个小麦品种的麦穗图像对麦穗上的小穗进行计数验证，结果表明，该方法在识别4个品种田间麦穗单幅图像中小穗数量的平均计数精度达到94.53%，平均相对误差为5.47%，对比已有麦穗小穗自动计数方法，计数精度显著提高，这对于小麦在线产量预估具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Friel EN Wang M Taylor AJ Macrae EA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(16):6664-6673
Comparisons were made between the aroma volatiles of the yellow-fleshed kiwifruit, "Hort16A", at two different stages of eating ripeness: firm and soft. The firm fruit contained a small number of aroma compounds that the soft fruit did not contain. In general, however, the largest difference between the two firmness categories was in the levels of esters, with the soft fruit containing higher concentrations and a larger number of esters than the firm fruit. In vitro analysis directly after maceration using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) showed the relative importance of the most intense aromas between fruit at the two different firmness stages and was used to compare the release rates of aromas. A comparison of the aroma concentrations from gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and APCI-MS headspace analyses showed that the APCI-MS headspace showed less bias toward enzymatically generated lipid degradation compounds. A GC-sniffing study showed that many of the most intense compounds, acetaldehyde, hexanal, ethyl butanoate, and (E)-2-hexenal but not ethanol, showed odor activity in macerated fruit. In addition, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a volatile present at very low levels in the fruit, also appeared to be an important contributor to the odor. In vivo analyses also showed much higher levels of aroma compounds in the soft fruit compared to the firm fruit, with evidence of persistence of some compounds, including DMS. There were a number of similarities between the breath profiles of the two panelists, which confirmed the importance of DMS in "Hort16A" aroma. 相似文献
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Roger?P?HellensEmail author Andrew?C?Allan Ellen?N?Friel Karen?Bolitho Karryn?Grafton Matthew?D?Templeton Sakuntala?Karunairetnam Andrew?P?Gleave William?A?Laing 《Plant methods》2005,1(1):13
Background
We describe novel plasmid vectors for transient gene expression using Agrobacterium, infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We have generated a series of pGreenII cloning vectors that are ideally suited to transient gene expression, by removing elements of conventional binary vectors necessary for stable transformation such as transformation selection genes. 相似文献8.
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Adil El Hamouchi Mohammed Bajji Damien Friel Bouchra Najimi El Hassan Achbani Samir El Jaafari Alain Durieux M. Haïssam Jijakli 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,50(2-3):216-223
Aureobasidium pullulans strains Ach 1-1 and 1113-5 are two effective biocontrol agents against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on stored apples. In the present work, a monitoring system allowing their identification and quantification was developed. The methodology used consisted of the development of both molecular markers and a semi-selective medium. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to a collection of 15 strains of A. pullulans, including Ach 1-1 and 1113-5. Five specific RAPD fragments were amplified for strain Ach 1-1 and three others for strain 1113-5. Among them, a fragment of 528 bp specific to strain Ach 1-1 (generated with the OPR-13 RAPD primer) and another one of 431 bp specific to strain 1113-5 (amplified with the OPQ-03 RAPD primer) were selected, cloned, sequenced, and used to design sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers. Three different SCAR markers were amplified: two specific to strain Ach 1-1 (189 bp and 387 bp) and one specific to strain 1113-5 (431 bp). These SCAR primers can clearly identify strains Ach 1-1 and 1113-5 among 14 strains of A. pullulans and among eight yeast strains commonly present on apple fruit surfaces. Their selectivity was also tested using DNA extracted from epiphytic microflora of the apple surface. As a semi-selective medium, PDA medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 euparen, 1 mg L−1 sumico, 2.5 mg L−1 hygromycin B, 30 mg L−1 streptomycin sulphate, and 1 mg L−1 cycloheximide was selected. It inhibited the development of the air microflora and appeared highly toxic for the epiphytic microflora of apple surface without altering the growth of the targeted strains Ach 1-1 and 1113-5. The combination of the semi-selective medium and SCAR markers provides a valuable monitoring tool to specifically identify and quantify A. pullulans strain Ach 1-1 and strain 1113-5 and could be used in future studies to evaluate their population dynamics under various laboratory and practical conditions. 相似文献
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