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Patui S Peresson C Braidot E Tubaro F Colussi A Bonnländer B Macrì F Vianello A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(20):8223-8230
In this paper lipoxygenase (LOX) presence was investigated in coffee berries to determine its involvement in lipid degradative metabolism of plants grown in organic and conventional cultivations. An immunochemical analysis has evidenced a ca. 80 kDa protein, cross-reacting with an anti-LOX antibody, only in the pulp fraction of berries obtained from plants of both cultivations. LOX activity in this fraction could be monitored either as conjugated diene formation or reaction products (determined by HPLC) and was mainly associated with a heavy membrane fraction (HMF, enriched in tonoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and mitochondria) and a light membrane fraction (LMF, enriched in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, with low levels of tonoplast and mitochondria). The LOX activity of LMF from berries of both cultivations showed an optimum at pH 8.0. The HMF exhibited a different activity peak in samples from conventional (pH 8.0) and organic (pH 5.5) cultures, suggesting the presence of different isoenzymes. These findings were also confirmed by variation of the ratio of 9- and 13-hydroperoxides in organic (1:1) and conventional cultivations (1:10), indicating that the organic one was subjected to an oxidative stress in the coffee pulp fraction leading to the expression of an acidic LOX. Such de novo synthesized LOX activity could be responsible for the production of secondary metabolites, which may interfere with the organoleptic profile of coffee. 相似文献
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Bianchini G. Accorsi C. A. Cremonini S. De Feudis M. Forlani L. Salani G. M. Vianello G. Antisari L. Vittori 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(2):409-428
Purpose
The existence of black horizons (BHs) is often highlighted in European soils, and in the Po River plain of northern Italy. Nevertheless, BH chronological frameworks and genetic models are still debated. The present study investigated the genesis of BHs in the eastern Po Plain where they are buried at various depths.
Materials and methodsSoil sequences were investigated with a multidisciplinary approach integrating geomorphologic, stratigraphic, pedologic, geochemical, isotopic, palynological, and radiometric analyses.
Results and discussionThe formation of the studied BHs was scattered over time from the Last Glacial Maximum to at least the middle Holocene. The new data indicate that BHs developed when the landscape was dominated by coniferous forest during conditions that were totally different from the current pedoclimatic setting. The recurrent presence of black particles indicates that this vegetation cover was systematically affected by fire episodes that induced soil degradation and mineralization processes of the original organic compounds, thus contributing to darkening of the upper soil horizons.
ConclusionsBH formation clearly coincided with cold time lapses. Evidence for repeated fire events (natural or human-induced?) provides insights for the controversial debate on early anthropogenic impacts on the environment.
相似文献3.
Contribution of proanthocyanidins to the peroxy radical scavenging capacity of some Italian red wines 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Rigo A Vianello F Clementi G Rossetto M Scarpa M Vrhovsek U Mattivi F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):1996-2002
Highly reactive radicals, ROO(*), were generated from 2, 2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] and linoleic acid. The ROO(*) scavenging capacity of some Italian red wines was evaluated following the changes in oxygen consumption. Under the experimental conditions the time course of oxygen consumption shows two typical behaviors: trolox-like (class I) and gallic acid-like (class II). Usually the time course of wine was similar to that of gallic acid. The rate of oxygen consumption was found to decrease exponentially with the amount of wine or gallic acid added to the test solution. On this basis the capacity of red wines to scavenge peroxy radicals was expressed as content of gallic acid (S(GA)). The S(GA) values were found to be correlated to the amount of total proanthocyanidins and total polyphenols of some Italian red wines (p < 0.01). The proanthocyanidins extracted from seeds were shown to make a major contribution to the peroxy radical scavenging capacity of red wines, whereas, interestingly, the chemical class of the low molecular weight tannins reactive to vanillin did not correlate with the S(GA) values. 相似文献
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Vittori Antisari Livia Bianchini Gianluca Cremonini Stefano Di Giuseppe Dario Falsone Gloria Marchesini Marco Marvelli Silvia Vianello Gilmo 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):645-662
Journal of Soils and Sediments - This study investigated a Lateglacial to Holocene sedimentary sequence derived from a small catchment located at San Lazzaro di Savena in the surroundings of... 相似文献
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L. Vittori Antisari G. Falsone S. Carbone G. Vianello 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(2):165-173
Soil organic matter (SOM) pools and soil available calcium (Caexch) were monitored during a 4-year period in an experimental chestnut stand treated for the restoration of timber production. In 2004 the stand was cut and stumps were grafted. Before the forestry operations, the biocycling process seemed to contrast soil nutrient loss, returning Ca to mineral soil through plant activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the regrowing vegetation after forestry operations would supply Ca to the soil surface and maintain a certain soil fertility level. In fact, from 2005, a progressive recovery of 460 mg Caexch kg?1 year?1 at the soil surface was found, corresponding to about 5 % of the Ca of the leaf litter (8,605 mg Ca kg?1, chestnut leaves sampled in 2007). However, the Caexch seemed to depend on the humified C (r 2?=?0.858; p?<?0.01). At the soil surface, the humified C decreased. Therefore, other processes involving SOM dynamics may be taken into account. After the first year, the scarce presence of litter layer at the soil surface could have exacerbated soil erosion and reduction of SOM content, as shown by the change in horizon thickness and C amount. In later years a litterfall layer was present due to the regrowing vegetation and soil erosion was reduced, but SOM turnover did not change. In parallel the amount of microbial biomass C and soil respiration increased. Because the addition of new C source from regrowing vegetation can stimulate soil microbial activity, we hypothesized that the occurrence of a priming effect in our soil could further affect soil C and nutrient availability in later years management change. 相似文献
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Gianluca Bianchini Stefano Cremonini Dario Di Giuseppe Gilmo Vianello Livia Vittori Antisari 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(1):230-242
Purpose
This paper investigates soils and sediments from the eastern Padanian Plain (northern Italy) in order to delineate the physiographic evolution of the area.Materials and methods
We present new geochemical, mineralogical and textural analyses of alluvial sediments collected from a 13-m-deep section located a few kilometres south of Ferrara. The chronology of the related depositional events is provided from 14C dating of tree trunks buried at depths of ca. 9 m and organic matter from the underlying horizons.Results and discussion
The data indicate that (1) the upper part of the sequence (down to depths of 9 m) includes sediments characterized by low nickel–chromium (Ni–Cr) concentrations ascribed to the alluvial deposits of the river Reno, deposited in the last 400 years; (2) buried soils (depths of 9–10.5 m) developed on Ni–Cr-rich sediments related to the river Po; and (3) the deeper facies (depths of 10.5–13 m) are CaCO3-free and characterized by higher amounts of organic carbon, sulphur and arsenic, reflecting episodic lacustrine/marsh environments. These wetlands probably developed in the area during the Iron and Roman ages, persisting up to the Middle Ages.Conclusions
The data provide a contribution to the understanding of the evolution of the river network during the last 3,000 years and provide insights on the related paleohydrological framework that can be useful for geographical and historical reconstructions of the area. Results highlight the importance of investigating alluvial sediments to elucidate (1) fluctuations of environmental conditions and (2) anthropogenic impacts on the natural landscape. 相似文献8.
Alessandra F.M. Viu Marco A.O. Viu Armando R. Tavares Fabio Vianello Giuseppina P.P. Lima 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
The present work evaluated the development of different Curcuma longa L. explants (leaves basis, root tips and ancillary buds from rhizome) stimulated by exogenous polyamines, combined with naphtalen-acetic acid (NAA) or with 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), to produce callus and its subsequent differentiation. The explants, isolated from field plants, were previously subjected to a basic cleaning method and were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) [Murashige, T.S., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum 15, 473–497] supplemented with NAA (2.0 mg L−1). Buds were subjected to different treatments, with or without 5.0 and 10.0 mmol L−1 exogenous polyamines (mixture of putrescine:spermine:spermidine, 1:1:1) combined with NAA. The calluses obtained were transferred into the same medium, supplemented with the mixture of polyamines combined with BAP, in order to induce plant differentiation. For C. longa, buds were the most efficient explants for callus induction (p < 0.05). The application of exogenous polyamines (5.0 and 10.0 mmol L−1) produced the most developed callus, with numerous roots. The medium supplemented with 10 mmol L−1 polyamine mixture, combined with BAP, induced good regeneration, producing vigorous plants and excellent shoot formation.Polyamines addition promoted the formation of callus, roots and leaves, representing an important factor in the determination of indirect organogenesis in C. longa L., and putrescine content may be considered a valuable marker of the differentiation process in this specie, as well as the enzyme peroxidase. 相似文献
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Livia Vittori Antisari Chiara Ferronato Elisa Pellegrini Francesco Boscutti Valentino Casolo Maria de Nobili Gilmo Vianello 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(7):1862-1873