Morphological traits of phytomers and shoots in the first year of growth as markers for predicting apple tree canopy architecture     

Vidmantas Bendokas  Dalia Gelvonauskiene  Tadeusas Siksnianas  Grazina Staniene  Jurate B. Siksnianiene  Bronislovas Gelvonauskis  Vidmantas Stanys 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(1):180-185

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Asymptomatic weeds are frequently colonised by pathogenic species of Fusarium in cereal‐based crop rotations     

S Suproniene  G Kadziene  W Irzykowski  D Sneideris  A Ivanauskas  S Sakalauskas  P Serbiak  P Svegzda  J Kelpsiene  S Pranaitiene  M Jedryczka 《Weed Research》2019,59(4):312-323

Several Fusarium species cause harmful cereal diseases, such as fusarium head blight and crown rot, which, during pathogenesis, may result in significant grain yield and quality losses. Several species of agricultural weed are believed to be alternative and reservoir hosts for Fusarium spp.; however, studies have not comprehensively evaluated those weed species in cropping systems that may harbour these fungi. The objective of this study was to determine weed species in cereal‐based crop rotations that are asymptomatically colonised by Fusarium spp. We sampled all species of weed present in fields that were managed under six different crop sequences in 2015 and 2016. The study yielded 2326 single‐spore isolates of Fusarium spp. derived from various organs of asymptomatic weeds. Isolates were identified morphologically and then confirmed using PCR with species‐specific primers and/or sequencing of tef1α gene fragments. Isolates of nine Fusarium spp. were obtained from 689 of the 744 individuals collected that represented 56 weed species. Each weed species harboured at least one species of Fusarium, and >80% were colonised by 3–9 Fusarium spp. In total, we identified 27 dicotyledonous weed species that were previously undocumented as Fusarium hosts and 251 new weed × Fusarium species combinations were revealed. Consequently, there is a greater risk of negative Fusarium impacts on cereal crops than was previously thought. We suggest effective weed management and inversion soil tillage may help mitigate these impacts.  相似文献   

CO2 fluxes and drivers as affected by soil type,tillage and fertilization     

Dalia Feiziene  Virginijus Feiza  Grazina Kadziene  Asta Vaideliene  Virmantas Povilaitis  Irena Deveikyte 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):311-328

Abstract

Importance of agricultural practices for greenhouse gases mitigation is examined worldwide. However, there is no consensus on CO₂ emissions as affected by soil management practices. Deeper understanding of soil CO₂ fluxes and drivers under different management practices are needed. The investigation of net CO₂ exchange rate as dependent variable and drivers (soil water and temperature, air temperature) as affected by soil type (loam and sandy loam), tillage (conservation and no-tillage) and fertilization are presented.

Soil management practices and weather conditions affected the CO₂ flux through effects on soil water and temperature regime. Mean net CO₂ exchange rate on sandy loam was 8% higher than on loam. No-tillage, as a moisture-conserving tool, could be an appropriate tool for CO₂ emissions mitigation in any weather conditions on sandy loam; however, the advantage of no-tillage on loam was negligible. Mineral NPK fertilizers promoted significantly higher net CO₂ exchange rate in both soils, but suppressed it by 15% on sandy loam during a normal year. Effect of soil water content on net CO₂ exchange rate was direct in all tillage and fertilization treatments in both loam and sandy loam, whereas this effect was positive only in dry and normal weather conditions. In wet weather conditions, the direct effect of soil water content on net CO₂ exchange rate was negative. Soil and air temperature acted indirectly on net CO₂ exchange rate. The increase in temperature markedly suppressed the positive direct impact of soil water content on net CO₂ exchange rate in dry weather conditions, but did not reduce the direct effect of soil water content in normal weather conditions. In a wet year the negative indirect effect of increased temperature enhanced the negative direct impact of soil water surplus on net CO₂ exchange rate.  相似文献