Haematological and biochemical investigations of diseased koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)     

PJ CANFIELD  ME O'NEILL†  EF SMITH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(9):269-272

Haematological and biochemical investigations were performed on 14 koalas with uncomplicated cystitis, 8 with complicated cystitis, 8 with conjunctivitis, 8 with lymphosarcoma, and 14 with miscellaneous diseases. Changes were limited and inconsistent in individual koalas with uncomplicated cystitis and conjunctivitis. In contrast, individual koalas with complicated cystitis were more likely to have anaemia, leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, hypoproteinaemia due to hypoalbuminaemia, and azotaemia due to elevated urea concentration. Although these changes were non-specific they did allow assessment of prognosis for survival and response to treatment. Koalas with lymphosarcoma were invariably anaemic, leukaemic, azotaemic and hypoalbuminaemic. Elevated enzymes (aspartate transaminase [AST]. lactate dehydrogenase [LD] and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT]) were more common in koalas with lymphosarcoma. Koalas affected by miscellaneous conditions showed variable changes but once again anaemia, leukocytosis, azotaemia, elevated AST and LD, and hypoalbuminaemia were not uncommon. On the basis of these findings a minimal profile is suggested for the investigation of sick koalas and would include haematocrit, total and differential leukocyte counts, urea, total protein and albumin concentrations and AST, GGT and LD activities.  相似文献   

Simulation study of the competitive ability of erect, semi-erect and prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

G WANG  ME MCGIFFEN JR  JL LINDQUIST†  JD EHLERS  & I SARTORATO‡ 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):129-139

Ecophysiological simulation models provide a quantitative method to predict the effects of management practices, plant characteristics and environmental factors on crop and weed growth and competition. The INTERCOM interplant competition model was parameterised, calibrated by monoculture data for three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes that differed in growth habit, common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and used to simulate competition of cowpea cover crops with sunflower or purslane. The simulation results were compared with observations from field competition experiments in 2003 and 2004. INTERCOM more accurately simulated actual field data for the competition of cowpea genotypes and sunflower than companion field experiments for the competition of cowpea and purslane. The validated simulation model of cowpea and sunflower at two densities was used to study the effects of cowpea growth habit on final biomass production of cowpea and sunflower. The model suggested that erect growth habit was more competitive than semi‐erect and prostrate growth habit, when cowpea genotypes were grown with sunflower. Cowpea leaf area distribution was important to higher cowpea biomass production, while cowpea height growth was important to reduce sunflower biomass. Our simulation approach is suggested as a method for crop breeders to gauge the likely success of selection for competitive crops before undertaking expensive long‐term breeding experiments.  相似文献   

Diagnosis and therapy     

ME BERNAYS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(5):316-316

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Gonadotropin‐induced Puberty Does Not Impair Reproductive Performance of Gilts over Three Parities     

OHO Eckhardt  SMMK Martins  ME Pinese  FC Horta  AC Rosseto  MA Torres  AFC De Andrade  BBD Muro  CT Marino  PHM Rodrigues  AS Moretti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):964-969

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of three parities of gilts treated or not treated with gonadotropin to induce puberty. Sixty gilts received 600 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by 2.5 mg of porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) 72 h later. Fifty‐nine other gilts were exposed only to a mature boar for 15 min twice daily. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 0, 12 and 24 h after the detection of oestrus, and gestation was confirmed by ultrasound after 35 days. Sows were inseminated at the first post‐weaning oestrus. The total numbers of piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn, mummified foetuses, as well as pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated for each of the three parities. Culling rates, farrowing intervals and weaning‐to‐oestrous intervals (WEI) were also analysed. Mean age at puberty and oestrous manifestation were not significantly different between treatments (p = 0.0639; 179.20 ± 17.52 compared with 173.96 ± 16.94, 91.66% compared with 94.92%) across the experimental period. However, females that underwent puberty induction showed modest increases both in the number of total pigs born and in the number of piglets born alive. In conclusion, puberty induction through exogenous gonadotropin administration in field conditions did not induce a more concentrated first oestrous manifestation, but trended to a modest increase in the number of pigs born alive in the first parity and a reduced culling rate during the first gestation.  相似文献   

…Changes in the Journal…     

ME Andrew 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(3):81-81

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Application of hexanal,E-2-hexenal,and hexyl acetate to improve the safety of fresh-sliced apples     

Lanciotti R  Belletti N  Patrignani F  Gianotti A  Gardini F  Guerzoni ME 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):2958-2963

The aims of this work were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexyl acetate, and their mixtures on the fate of pathogenic species such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in model systems as well as the antimicrobial activity against the target species of the chosen molecules when added to the packaging atmosphere of inoculated fresh-sliced apples. The result obtained in this work pointed out the potential use of compounds such as hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and hexyl acetate for both the extension of shelf life and an improvement of hygienic safety of "minimally processed foods". In fact, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and hexyl acetate had a significant inhibitory effect against pathogen microorganisms frequently isolated from raw materials (E. coli, S. enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes) when inoculated in both model and real systems. In this last condition, these compounds, at the levels used (150, 150, and 20 ppm for hexanal, hexyl acetate, and (E)-2-hexenal, respectively), displayed a bactericide effect on L. monocytogenes and they exhibited significant extensions of lag phase of E. coli and S. enteritidis inoculated at levels of 10(4)-10(5) CFU/g.  相似文献   

A simple gas chromatographic approach to evaluate CO2 release,N2O evolution,and O2 uptake from soil     

Gardini  F.  Antisari  L. Vittori  Guerzoni  M. E.  Sequi  P. 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,12(1):1-4

Summary We have developed a simple method for the determination of gaseous compounds that reflect microbial activity in soil, as affected by factors such as the presence of an organic amendment (peat) or a variation in soil moisture. The method is based on a gas chromatographic analysis of the headspace of vials containing the soil under examination. A single gas chromatograph can detect up to 10 different gases. As expected, after peat was added to the soil, CO₂ evolution and O₂ uptake increased significantly. Positive relationships were found between the evolution of N₂O, and soil moisture and the amount of peat added to the soil. Both the these variables influenced the CO₂:O₂ ratio. The results given by this method show high reproducibility.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of citrus essences on Saccharomyces cerevisiae     

Belletti N  Ndagijimana M  Sisto C  Guerzoni ME  Lanciotti R  Gardini F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(23):6932-6938

The aim of this research was to assess the antimicrobial activity of nine different industrial essences used in a soft drink factory in relation to their composition, as well as to verify the role of vapor pressure on their bioactivity. The essences were tested against a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain isolated from spoiled soft drinks. The tests were carried out by adding the essences directly to a liquid medium or into the headspace of closed systems inoculated with the yeast. The headspace composition was evaluated through a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography technique. The use of a mass spectrometer allowed the identification of the peaks detected. The microbial growth was indirectly monitored by measuring the metabolic CO2 released by the yeast. The results obtained indicated that the most effective essences were characterized by the highest concentration of some terpenes, such as citral, beta-pinene, and p-cymene. Moreover, all of the essences were more bioactive when added directly to the liquid medium.  相似文献   

Fungi isolated from bovine udders,and their possible sources     

JH Williamson  ME di Menna 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):188-190

AIM: To identify fungi isolated from infections of the bovine mammary gland, and establish their possible sources.

METHODS: From a herd of 420 cows, milk samples were collected from all quarters at calving and cultured to detect causative organisms. Quarters identified as infected with fungi were further sampled during early lactation. Samples from feedstuffs, the feed pad and ends of teats were also collected and analysed for the presence of fungi.

RESULTS: Eleven of 420 cows were diagnosed with intramammary infections (IMI) caused by yeasts (nine cows, 10 quarters) and moulds (two cows, three quarters). Six of the yeast species had previously been reported as being responsible for mastitis. Elevated somatic cell counts (SCC) were observed in many quarters, but most infections were eliminated spontaneously. Two of the fungi isolated from milk samples were also isolated from feedstuffs and teat swabs, and seven other fungi isolated from milk samples were not isolated from feed, the feed pad or cows' teats.

CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of fungi from the udder is rarely reported in dairy cows in New Zealand. In this herd, contamination of the end of the teat originating from feedstuffs and possibly exacerbated by the use of a feed pad may have led to the establishment of IMI caused by fungi.

CLINICAL RELEVENCE: Fungi are infrequently if ever reported in mastitis trial data or surveys in New Zealand and are probably of little clinical significance.  相似文献   

Assessment of Different Functional Parameters of Frozen–Thawed Buffalo Spermatozoa by Using Cytofluorimetric Determinations     

F Minervini  R Guastamacchia  F Pizzi  ME Dell’Aquila  VL Barile 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):317-324

Flow cytometry is a useful tool that provides an accurate, objective and rapid evaluation of semen quality. The use of this technique could significantly improve the quality of buffalo semen samples used in artificial insemination. This study was carried out to evaluate, by flow cytometry, frozen–thawed buffalo spermatozoa quality parameters such as sperm viability by SYBR‐14/propidium iodide staining; mitochondrial function by JC‐1 potentiometric probe; sperm chromatin stability (SCSA) by acridine orange; and acrosome reaction (AR) by FITC‐PNA staining. Semen samples from five Italian Mediterranean buffalo bulls were used. Sperm viability was not different between bulls and ranged from 33.4% to 43.6%. A consistent rate (55.1 ± 10.8%) of sperm cells showed high mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ^high), with no significant differences between subjects. Sperm chromatin structure assay differed significantly between the five buffalo bulls; moreover, data showed high stability within each buffalo. DNA fragmentation indexes (DFI), such as %‐DFI, ‐DFI, SD‐DFI, were 11.2 ± 8.6, 153.3 ± 24.6 and 81.6 ± 21.2, respectively. Regarding AR, the percentage of acrosome‐reacted live (ARL) and acrosome‐reacted dead (ARD) spermatozoa was 0.3 ± 0.2 and 15.3 ± 5.5, respectively. This functional parameter differed significantly between buffalo bulls and showed high stability. Following to Ca²⁺ ionophore A23187 for 3 h, AR significantly differed between subjects and was characterized by an increase in both ARL (10.8%) and ARD population (22.0%). This study indicates that flow cytometry could be a useful tool for a quick multiparametric evaluation of sperm quality in buffalo. In particular, SCSA and AR resulted in sperm functional parameters sensitive enough for the diagnosis of frozen‐thawed semen fertilizing potential.  相似文献