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Hamze Dokoohaki Abdolmohammad Mehnatkesh Shamsollah Ayoubi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(9):1231-1245
Models can provide researchers with an opportunity to understand the multidimensional relationships among factors affecting crop growth. All such factors, including field condition, must be tested using models. The main objective of this study was to apply the Cropping System Model (CSM)-Crop-Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Wheat model to uneven areas for simulating rainfed wheat. First, the model was calibrated at a field cultivated with wheat variety Sardari. The model was then applied to different points at a ‘hummocky’ evaluation site. At this site, 69 sample points from 5 different slope positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope, and toeslope) were specified and physical and chemical soil properties as well as final grain and total aboveground wheat biomass at each of 69 points were measured. The overall results showed that the normalized root-mean-square error varied between 15% and 34% for the top weight; this was considered to be good enough for undulating areas. The model efficiency (EF) also ranged from 0.35 to 0.26 both in simulation of final grain and in top weight. It can be concluded that CSM-CERES-Wheat model can be effectively applied for yield prediction in hills. It should be noted that use of the CSM-CERES-Wheat model is not recommended for estimation of grain yield in individual slope positions unless more detailed water and fertilizer data are also available. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT1. The real burden of Campylobacter spp. in Lebanon is still unknown. The aims of this study were to unravel the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in broilers at slaughterhouses in Tripoli, North of Lebanon and to characterise their antibiotic resistance profiles.2. From May to November 2015, sampling was performed through five repeated surveys from 15 slaughterhouses that sold chicken directly to Lebanese customers. Isolates were subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (flaA-RFLP).3. All investigated slaughterhouses were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter coli was the predominant species (38 isolates) followed by C. jejuni (eight isolates). A noticeable level of resistance was detected among isolates against ciprofloxacin (97% of C. coli and 87.5% of C. jejuni), amoxicillin (89% of C. coli and 75% of C. jejuni), gentamicin (79% of C. coli and 50% of C. jejuni), and co-amoxiclav (24% of C. coli and 25% of C. jejuni). Erythromycin and ertapenem resistance were observed only in C. coli with the following percentages 74% and 13% respectively, but not in C. jejuni. PFGE and flaA-RFLP using DdeI as restriction enzyme divided the strains into 27 and 25 types respectively.4. The high observed genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. revealed the complexity of the spread of this genus in broilers. This study highlighted the pressing need to monitor antibiotic resistance and to ensure food safety from ‘farm to fork’ in Lebanon. 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Hamze Hossein Shariatmadari Bahram Baninasab 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(10):1432-1445
A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar-applied K in the form of mineral compound (K2SO4) and complexed with lysine (KL) and lysine plus methionine (KLMet) with or without ascorbic acid (A) on nut yield and quality of bearing pistachio (Pistachio vera L. cv. Owhadi). Results showed that foliar application of K, regardless of applied source, significantly increased leaf and nut K concentration in comparison with control. In both experimental years, the trees supplemented with K provided higher total yield, fresh and dry mass of shelled and unshelled 100-nut, and 100-kernel dry mass and lower percentage of non-split shells in comparison with those un-supplemented with K. In both years, foliar application of K significantly decreased the percentages of blank nuts. The effectiveness of K-amino chelates in improving nut yield and quality was, in general, higher than that of K2SO4. The highest yield and the best nut quality was obtained with foliar application of KLMet-1. The critical leaf and nut K concentration for optimum pistachio nut yield and quality was 2.27 and 1.87%, respectively. Foliar application of K particularly in the form of KLMet-1 during nut filling is recommended to obtain optimum yield and quality of pistachio. 相似文献
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