Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)          下载免费PDF全文

M. Farooq  F. Nadeem  M. Y. Arfat  M. Nabeel  S. Musadaq  S. A. Cheema  A. Nawaz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(3):298-312

The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.  相似文献   

Foliage‐applied sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide improves resistance against terminal drought in bread wheat          下载免费PDF全文

M. Farooq  A. Nawaz  M. A. M. Chaudhary  A. Rehman 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(6):473-482

Terminal drought is threatening the wheat productivity worldwide, which is consumed as a staple food by millions across the globe. This study was conducted to examine the influence of foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; 50, 100, 150 μm ) and nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 50, 100, 150 μm ) on resistance against terminal drought in two bread wheat cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and BARS‐2009. These stress signalling molecules were applied at anthesis stage (BBCH 61); drought was then imposed by maintaining pots at 35% water holding capacity. Terminal drought caused significant reduction in grain yield of both tested bread wheat cultivars; however, foliage application of both stress signalling molecules at either concentration improved the performance of both bread wheat cultivars. Maximum improvement in 100‐grain weight (12.2%), grains per spike (19.7%), water‐use efficiency (WUE; 19.8%), chlorophyll content index (10.7%), total soluble phenolics (21.6%) and free leaf proline (34.3%), and highest reduction in leaf malondialdehyde contents (20.4%) was recorded when H₂O₂ was foliage‐applied at 100 μm . Foliage application of SNP enhanced the grains per spike, 100‐grain weight and grain yield by 14.9%, 11.3% and 20.1%, respectively, than control. The foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules improved the accumulation of soluble phenolics, proline and glycine betaine with simultaneous reduction in malondialdehyde contents, which enabled wheat plants to sustain the biological membranes under stress resulting in better stay green (high chlorophyll contents) under drought. This helped improving the grain number, grain weight, grain yield, WUE and transpiration efficiency. In crux, foliage‐applied H₂O₂ and SNP, at pre‐optimized rate, may be opted to lessen the drought‐induced yield losses in bread wheat in climate change conditions.  相似文献   

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the spine in a nine‐year‐old cat          下载免费PDF全文

K. Bossens  S. Bhatti  I. Van Soens  I. Gielen  L. Van Ham 《The Journal of small animal practice》2016,57(1):33-35

A nine‐year‐old intact female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for paraparesis, ataxia and severe spinal hyperaesthesia. Neurological examination indicated a T3‐L3 spinal cord segment lesion. Computed tomography of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral vertebral column was performed. This showed contiguous smooth new bone formation ventral and lateral to the vertebrae extending from the cranial thoracic area to the lumbosacral junction and appearing similar to canine diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. There was also marked dorsolateral stenosis of the vertebral canal at the level of T4‐T5 because of degenerative changes of the facet joints. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first published report of feline diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.  相似文献   

Adenohypophyseal function in bitches treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate     

Beijerink NJ  Bhatti SF  Okkens AC  Dieleman SJ  Mol JA  Duchateau L  Van Ham LM  Kooistra HS 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(2):63-78

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on canine adenohypophyseal function. Five Beagle bitches were treated with MPA (10mg/kg, every 4 weeks) and their adenohypophyseal function was assessed in a combined adenohypophyseal function test. Four hypophysiotropic hormones (CRH, GHRH, GnRH, and TRH) were administered before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 months after the start of MPA treatment, and blood samples for determination of the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, GH, IGF-1, LH, FSH, prolactin, alpha-MSH, and TSH were collected at -15, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min after suprapituitary stimulation. MPA successfully prevented the occurrence of estrus, ovulation, and a subsequent luteal phase. MPA treatment did not affect basal and GnRH-induced plasma LH concentrations. The basal plasma FSH concentration was significantly higher at 2 months after the start of MPA treatment than before or at 5, 8, and 11 months after the start of treatment. The maximal FSH increment and the AUC for FSH after suprapituitary stimulation were significantly higher before treatment than at 5, 8, and 11 months of MPA treatment. Differences in mean basal plasma GH concentrations before and during treatment were not significant, but MPA treatment resulted in significantly elevated basal plasma IGF-1 concentrations at 8 and 11 months. MPA treatment did not affect basal and stimulated plasma ACTH concentrations, with the exception of a decreased AUC for ACTH at 11 months. In contrast, the maximal cortisol increment and the AUC for cortisol after suprapituitary stimulation were significantly lower during MPA treatment than prior to treatment. MPA treatment did not affect basal plasma concentrations of prolactin, TSH, and alpha-MSH, with the exception of slightly increased basal plasma TSH concentrations at 8 months of treatment. MPA treatment did not affect TRH-induced plasma concentrations of prolactin and TSH. In conclusion, the effects of chronic MPA treatment on adenohypophyseal function included increased FSH secretion, unaffected LH secretion, activation of the mammary GH-induced IGF-I secretion, slightly activated TSH secretion, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and unaffected secretion of prolactin and alpha-MSH.  相似文献   

A study of water distribution from a branch to distributary canals: A case study of Gugera Branch,Punjab, Pakistan     

Muhammad Nawaz Bhutta  Muhammad Latif  Jacob W. Kijne 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1991,5(3):229-247

This study was conducted on Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample distributaries off taking from Gugera Branch were selected for the study. The existing conditions of water distribution among the distributaries were studied. Field data were collected during the whole of 1988. Field observations suggested that the variability at the head of distributaries is much greater than the variability in the Gugera Branch under existing operational practices. The distribution of water among the distributaries is rarely in accordance with design criteria. Some channels get priority over other channels. The annual closure period varied from 17 to 41 days for different channels. The discharge at the head of distributaries remained lower than the standard operational range for 69 to 183 days in a year. The data suggested that a regulating gate at the head of the distributary can reduce discharge variation up to 2.4 times compared with a Karrees System (wooden stop logs used for water regulation). The data indicated that the adjustments in the head gate of a distributary on daily basis can substantially improve discharge conditions at the head of distributary. Rotational schedules are not being followed as per design and need to be improved. Most of the existing head discharge relationships of discharge measuring structures are not reliable. A frequent calibration of these structures is recommended.  相似文献   

Infectivity analysis of a soybean isolate of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus by agroinoculation     

Katoor S. Usharani  Baliji Surendranath  Qazi M.R. Haq  Varagur G. Malathi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(3):230-237

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) of legumes endemic to South Asia are caused by begomoviruses transmitted by whiteflies. Based on molecular characterization, two distinct viruses – Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) – were found previously to be the etiological agents of YMD in legumes. Here, host range studies with a soybean isolate of MYMIV (MYMIV-[Sb]) were carried out by both whitefly transmission and agroinoculation. MYMIV-[Sb] was similar to a cowpea isolate of MYMIV (MYMIV-[Cp]) in its ability to infect cowpea, thus differing from blackgram (MYMIV) and mungbean (MYMIV-[Mg]) isolates, which do not infect cowpea. Genomic analysis of DNA A and DNA B components of these MYMIV isolates show characteristic differences in complete DNA B nucleotide sequence correlating with host range differences.  相似文献   

Studies on Specific Inhibitors and Substrates of Cholinesterases of Fasciola gigantica from Cattle and Buffaloes     

M. S. Durrani  Muhammad Nawaz  N. I. Chaudhary 《Zoonoses and public health》1982,29(8):636-641

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Detection of a mammalian-like group A rotavirus in diarrhoeic chicken     

Wani SA  Bhat MA  Ishaq SM  Ashrafi MA  Buchh AS  Haq M 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(1):13-18

The present investigation describes detection of a mammalian-like electropherogroup A rotavirus in chicken with diarrhoea. This also records the first detection of a rotavirus in an avian species from India. During the investigation 75 diarrhoeic faecal samples collected from adult chicken were screened for the presence of group A rotavirus antigen by sandwich ELISA. All three samples positive for rotavirus antigen revealed 11 bands of RNA in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In contrast to avian group A rotavirus, segment 5 was found to migrate closer to 6 as is the case with mammalian group A rotaviruses. Segments 7, 8 and 9 were found to migrate as a tight triplet, which is characteristic of group A rotavirus.  相似文献   

Effects of interferon-γ knockdown on vaccine-induced immunity against Marek’s disease in chickens     

Kamran Haq  Sarah K. Wootton  Neda Barjesteh  Serguei Golovan  Andrew Bendall  Shayan Sharif 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(1):1-7

Interferon (IFN)-γ has been shown to be associated with immunity to Marek’s disease virus (MDV). The overall objective of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between IFN-γ and vaccine-conferred immunity against MDV in chickens. To this end, 3 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting chicken IFN-γ, which had previously been shown to reduce IFN-γ expression in vitro, and a control siRNA were selected to generate recombinant avian adeno-associated virus (rAAAV) expressing short-hairpin small interfering RNAs (shRNAs). An MDV challenge trial was then conducted: chickens were vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkey (HVT), administered the rAAAV expressing shRNA, and then challenged with MDV. Tumors were observed in 4 out of 10 birds that were vaccinated with HVT and challenged but did not receive any rAAAV, 5 out of 9 birds that were administered the rAAAV containing IFN-γ shRNA, and 2 out of 10 birds that were administered a control enhanced green fluorescent protein siRNA. There was no significant difference in MDV genome load in the feather follicle epithelium of the birds that were cotreated with the vaccine and the rAAAV compared with the vaccinated MDV-infected birds. These results suggest that AAAV-based vectors can be used for the delivery of shRNA into chicken cells. However, administration of the rAAAV expressing shRNA targeting chicken IFN-γ did not seem to fully abrogate vaccine-induced protection.  相似文献   

Yeast cell wall and live yeast products and their combination in broiler diets formulated with weekly ingredient variations          下载免费PDF全文

J. Fowler  M. Hashim  A. Haq  C. A. Bailey 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):932-937

A 6‐week broiler study was conducted to evaluate whether subjecting the intestinal microflora of broilers to the effect of weekly variations in feed ingredients could be ameliorated by the inclusion of yeast‐derived feed additives: a yeast cell wall extract (YCW), live yeast culture (LY) or their combination (YCW + LY). Recent changes in ingredient prices have motivated producers to formulate diets not necessarily based primarily on corn and soya bean meal. Intestinal microflora in birds can vary significantly based on the ingredient composition of their diet, and the make‐up of the flora can influence overall bird performance. Within the three nutrient phases of this study, birds were fed either a traditional corn–soya ingredient profile or a variable‐ingredient regimen, which had weekly changes in the ingredient composition. There were consistent ameliorative effects of the yeast treatments in both the corn–soya and the variable‐ingredient groups throughout all 6 weeks, with the YCW + LY combination showing a reduced effect when compared to either product fed alone. The effectiveness of YCW and LY on ameliorating the effects of weekly ingredient variations appeared most effective during the starter and grower phases, but was less significant during the sixth week.  相似文献