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1.
Scanning electron microscope study of Sendai virus fusion between HeLa cells and chick erythrocytes.
Chick erythrocytes were fused with HeLa cells by Sendai virus and preparations examined by scanning electron microscopy at different times after fusion. Heterokaryons were usually formed by fusion of erythrocyte ghosts with HeLa cells. Occasionally whole erythrocytes were engulfed but there was no evidence that free nuclei fused. Initial inter-cell attachments were usually, and possibly always, made at the site of an attached virus particle. This study helps to correlate topographical findings with previous two-dimensional studies with the transmission electron microscope and may also provide a model system for the fusion of parasitised erythrocytes with eukaryotic cells. 相似文献
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N2O Emissions from True Meadows Dependent on Location and N Fertilization Agricultural production is thought to be a main anthropogenic emitter of nitrous oxide (N2O), which contributes to global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer. There is still considerable uncertainty about the amount of N2O emission, and the site‐specific parameters that affect N2O emission. From October 1995 until March 1998 experiments were conducted at established field plots (true meadows) at three different sites, i.e. low mountain range (Eifel), lowland (Niederrhein), and moist meadows (Münsterland). Plots were fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at nitrogen equivalents ranging from 0 to 360 kg N ha–1. N2O fluxes were measured throughout the whole year using the closed‐chamber method. In addition, data on temperature, water‐filled pore space and precipitation were collected. N2O emission rates (mg N2O‐N ha–1 h–1) were highest either after fertilizer application or in winter during frost, depending on the experimental site and N dosage. The annual amount of N losses due to N2O emission was dependent on the experimental site and the type and dosage of fertilizer. Disregarding the 360 kg N ha–1 level of the CAN treatments, the N losses in this experiment were less than 1.5 kg N2O‐N ha–1 yr–1. At low fertilizer dosage there was no reliable correlation between the amount of N that was applied and the amount of N2O that was emitted. However, with high fertilizer levels the N2O emissions increased gradually. Finally, N2O emissions were more influenced by the amount of CAN than by the site. 相似文献
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Removal of Copper and Cadmium Ions from Diluted Aqueous Solutions by Low Cost and Waste Material Adsorbents 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ulmanu Mihaela Marañón Elena Fernández Yolanda Castrillón Leonor Anger Ildiko Dumitriu Daniela 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,142(1-4):357-373
The sorption of copper and cadmium ions using activated carbon,kaolin, bentonite, diatomite and waste materials such as compost,cellulose pulp waste and anaerobic sludge as sorbents is reported. Equilibrium isotherms were obtained for the adsorption of these metals in single and binary solutions. Bentonite presented the highest adsorption capacities for both copper and cadmium. A competitive uptake was observed when both metals are present; copper being preferentially adsorbed by all materials with theexception of anaerobic sludge. Equilibrium data were fitted toLangmuir and Freundlich models, with satisfactory results for most of the adsorbent-metal systems studied.Of all the adsorbents studied, bentonite and compost presentedthe highest removal efficiencies, reaching 99% for copper whencadmium is also present, for initial solution concentrations ofup to 100 mg L-1. Anaerobic sludge has a greater preferencefor cadmium, even in the presence of copper, with removal efficiencies of 98% for similar concentrations to those mentioned above. 相似文献
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Inoculation of tracheal organ cultures from bovine foetuses with Mycoplasma bovis resulted in a loss of cellular structure of the lamina propria, followed 20-22 days later by lifting and detachment of overlying epithelium. The effect was associated with large numbers of M. bovis, identified by immunoperoxidase labelling and electromicroscopy, infiltrating between the epithelial cells and amassing in the lamina propria, especially in the region of the basement membrane of the epithelium. Ciliary activity was undiminished for up to 18 days following inoculation and little or no cytopathic effect on the ciliated epithelium was seen in spite of the close proximity of large numbers of organisms. In contrast, M. dispar was restricted to the margin of the ciliated epithelium where, as previously reported, it caused pyknosis, sloughing and flattening of the epithelium with consequent loss of ciliary activity. The cytopathology observed for each mycoplasma bore a close similarity to the behaviour of the two mycoplasmas in vivo and it is suggested that the organ culture system may be a useful and relevant system to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms for each mycoplasma. 相似文献
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Belton MJ Head JW Pieters CM Greeley R McEwen AS Neukum G Klaasen KP Anger CD Carr MH Chapman CR Davies ME Fanale FP Gierasch PJ Greenberg R Ingersoll AP Johnson T Paczkowski B Pilcher CB Veverka J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,255(5044):570-576
Multispectral images of the lunar western limb and far side obtained from Galileo reveal the compositional nature of several prominent lunar features and provide new information on lunar evolution. The data reveal that the ejecta from the Orientale impact basin (900 kilometers in diameter) lying outside the Cordillera Mountains was excavated from the crust, not the mantle, and covers pre-Orientale terrain that consisted of both highland materials and relatively large expanses of ancient mare basalts. The inside of the far side South Pole-Aitken basin (>2000 kilometers in diameter) has low albedo, red color, and a relatively high abundance of iron- and magnesium-rich materials. These features suggest that the impact may have penetrated into the deep crust or lunar mantle or that the basin contains ancient mare basalts that were later covered by highlands ejecta. 相似文献
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Sibanda L De Saeger S Barna-Vetro I Van Peteghem C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(24):6964-6967
A membrane-based flow-through enzyme immunoassay (patent application pending) for the detection of ochratoxin A (OA) in roasted coffee was developed. First, an extraction and solid-phase cleanup method was developed. A high partition coefficient for OA in the mobile phase was achieved by using methanol/5% aqueous NaHCO(3) as the sample extraction and cleanup solvent. The solid-phase (aminopropyl) cleanup was developed to chromatographically elute OA but retain cross-reacting compounds. Without using aminopropyl cleanup, cross-reacting compounds resulted in 100% false positives for both flow-through enzyme immunoassay and HPLC methods. However, after cleanup with aminopropyl, no false positives were observed. The flow-through results were visually evaluated. The sensitivity achieved for the flow-through was 4 microg kg(-1) in spiked roasted coffee. The assay was used to screen roasted coffee samples. Results were confirmed with HPLC with a detection limit of 1 microg kg(-1). 相似文献
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Galileo multispectral imaging of the north polar and eastern limb regions of the moon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Belton MJ Greeley R Greenberg R Geissler P McEwen A Klaasen KP Heffernan C Breneman H Johnson TV Head JW Pieters C Neukum G Chapman CR Anger C Carr MH Davies ME Fanale FP Gierasch PJ Thompson WR Veverka J Sagan C Ingersoll AP Pilcher CB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5162):1112-1115
Multispectral images obtained during the Galileo probe's second encounter with the moon reveal the compositional nature of the north polar regions and the northeastern limb. Mare deposits in these regions are found to be primarily low to medium titanium lavas and, as on the western limb, show only slight spectral heterogeneity. The northern light plains are found to have the spectral characteristics of highlands materials, show little evidence for the presence of cryptomaria, and were most likely emplaced by impact processes regardless of their age. 相似文献
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Development of an immunoassay-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 in pig feed 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Delmulle BS De Saeger SM Sibanda L Barna-Vetro I Van Peteghem CH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3364-3368
The aim of this work was to develop an immunoassay-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B(1) in pig feed. The test consisted of three main components: conjugate pad, membrane, and absorbent pad. The membrane was coated with two capture reagents, that is, aflatoxin B(1)-bovine serum albumin conjugate and rabbit anti-mouse antibodies. The detector reagent consisted of colloidal gold particles coated with affinity-purified monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B(1) antibodies, which saturated the conjugate pad. A comparison of several extraction methods for the pig feed matrix is presented. A mixture of methanol/water (80:20, v/v) gave the best recoveries. After sample extraction and dilution, the dipstick was put in the sample solution at the conjugate pad side and developed for 10 min. Analyte present in the sample competed with the aflatoxin B(1) immobilized on the membrane for binding to the limited amount of antibodies in the detector reagent. Thus, the line color intensity of an aflatoxin B(1)-positive dipstick is visually distinguishable from that of an aflatoxin B(1)-negative sample. The visual detection limit for aflatoxin B(1) is 5 microg/kg. The major advantages of this one-step striptest are that results can be obtained within 10 min and that all reagents are immobilized on the lateral flow dipstick. 相似文献