Intake,performance, and carcass characteristics of lambs fed spineless cactus replacing wheat bran     

Sabrina Carla Rodrigues Felix  Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa  Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira  Luciana Felizardo Pereira Soares  Janaina de Lima Silva  Karen Santos Felix de Abreu  Ana Caroline Cerqueira de Melo 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):465-468

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Mineral requirements of hair sheep in tropical climates          下载免费PDF全文

E. S. Pereira  A. B. R. Carmo  M. R. G. F. Costa  A. N. Medeiros  R. L. Oliveira  A. P. Pinto  M. S. S. Carneiro  F. W. R. Lima  A. C. N. Campos  S. P. Gomes 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(6):1090-1096

In this study, we evaluated the requirements of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) for sheep hair growth. Experimental diets contained different levels of metabolizable energy [ME; 0.96, 1.28, 1.72, 2.18 and 2.62 Mcal/kg of dry matter, (DM), corresponding to 4.23, 5.64, 7.58, 9.61 and 11.55 MJ/kg DM]. The lambs' hair (n = 48) at 2 months of age presented an average body weight (BW) of 12.05 ± 1.81 kg. At the beginning of the experiment, eight animals were slaughtered as a reference group to estimate the initial empty body weight and body composition. Net mineral requirements (g/day) ranged from 0.73 to 0.71 g of Ca, 0.51 to 0.49 g of P, 0.026 to 0.026 g of Mg, 0.16 to 0.19 g of Na and 0.15 to 0.13 g of K for animals with a BW ranging from 15 to 30 kg and a daily gain of 100 g. The results of this study indicate that the net macromineral requirements for weight gain in Morada Nova lambs are different from the values commonly recommended by the Agricultural and Food Research Council.  相似文献   

Primary and secondary metabolite composition of kernels from three cultivars of Portuguese chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) at different stages of industrial transformation     

Do Carmo Barbosa Mendes De Vasconcelos M  Bennett RN  Rosa EA  Ferreira Cardoso JV 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3508-3516

Chestnut (Castanea sativa) is an important basic food in rural diets and a major starch crop used in a similar way to potatoes. Chestnuts are a fundamental economic resource in the "chestnut regions" not only for the fruit but also for the chestnut wood. Chestnuts have become increasingly important with respect to human health, for example, as an alternative gluten-free flour source. Chestnuts are also a rich source of other beneficial compounds, but there have been few studies on the composition during processing. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of three Portuguese cultivars at different stages of industrial processing. The chestnut cultivars were Longal, Judia, and Martaínha. All three cultivars had high moisture contents but were low in ash, crude fat, and crude protein contents, with high starch and low fiber contents. The free amino acid contents, including various essential amino acids, varied depending on the cultivar. All three cultivars also had a significant content of polyphenolics with gallic acid; ellagic acid was predominant among hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. Many of these compounds are known to exert significant positive effects on human health. The one-way analysis of variance for fresh chestnut shows significant differences among the three cultivars for most of the studied parameters. The same statistical analysis applied to each one of the two cultivars (Judia and Longal) sampled for the four processing steps analyzed indicates a significant effect of this factor in practically all of the constituents. On the other hand, the two-way analysis of variance shows that, besides the residual, the processing step and the interaction cultivar x processing step were the factors that more contributed for the total variation observed in the constituents analyzed, while the contribution of cultivar was much less significant.  相似文献   

Fish feed can show genotoxic damage     

Ota  Erika do Carmo  Cardoso  Claudia Andrea Lima  Inoue  Luis Antonio Kioshi Aoki  Zanon  Ricardo Basso  Silva  Tarcila Souza de Castro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2022,48(3):735-748

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - The present study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic potential of nutritional quality of feed, using erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities assay in Nile...  相似文献   

Role of probiotics on the immunity of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: a review     

do Carmo Alves  Angélica Priscila  Peconick  Ana Paula  da Silva Cerozi  Brunno  Possebon Cyrino  José Eurico 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(4):1905-1929

The development and intensification of Nile tilapia farming systems has happened together with ever increased use of antibiotics and therapeutants. Research on the use of probiotics has come along as alternative to routine use of antibiotics in fish diets. The manipulation of the gut microbiota through dietary probiotic inclusion targeting improved growth rate and disease resistance has been investigated in many farmed fish species. However, mechanisms underlying modulation of fish immune response remains unclear. This review summarizes and discuss recent findings in the role of probiotics on the immunity of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus addressing available information regarding immunological parameters such as phagocytic activity, lysozyme, respiratory burst activity, antioxidant enzymes, complement system as well as immune-related gene expression, in the aim to foster research efforts on effective strategies for the successful use of probiotics in the tilapia farming industry.

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Tuberculosis survey of free-ranging marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in Brazil.     

Janaina O Luna  Manoel A A Santos  Edison L Durigon  Jo?o P Araújo Júnior  José M B Duarte 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2003,34(4):414-415

Esophageal-pharyngeal fluids from 53 free-ranging marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) captured for a research program in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were assayed for tuberculosis. Total DNA was extracted. amplified by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. microti, and M. africanum), and observed by agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. All samples were negative. This, along with necropsy and histopathology data, suggests that these animals are not shedding and probably do not have active disease.  相似文献   

Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bell pepper grown in SLAB fertigated with different nitrogen rates     

Jose Maria da Silva  Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes  Carla do Carmo Milagres  July Anne Amaral de Abreu 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2833-2843

Abstract

Adequate plant nutrition is important to reduce costs and increase the crop yield. This study tried to verify the influence of Nitrogen (N) on plant biomass production and the yield of bell pepper grown in SLAB; quantify the N use efficiency (NUE), and to quantify the residual N concentration in the substrate after the end of the crop cycle. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment. Pepper seedlings were transplanted to SLAB bags containing 40?dm³ of substrate. The treatments consisted of six N rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5?g plant^?1) split into 10 fortnightly applications, in a randomized block design with four replications. The fruit yield was evaluated throughout the experiment and after the final harvest, the dry mass of leaves, stem, and root of the plant, the N content and accumulated, the residual nitrate and ammonium in the substrate, and the NUE were evaluated. The rate of 5.51?g plant^?1 of N, corresponding to 355.5?kg ha^?1, provided the maximum yield of commercial fruits of 1.57?kg plant^?1 or 101.2 t ha^?1. With increasing N rate, the residual nitrate concentration in the substrate increased and the NUE decreased.  相似文献   

Short-term changes in nitrogen availability, gas fluxes (CO₂, NO, N₂O) and microbial biomass after tillage during pasture re-establishment in Rondônia, Brazil     

Janaina Braga do Carmo  Marisa de Cssia Piccolo  Cristiano Alberto de Andrade  Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri  Brigitte Josefine Feigl  Erclito Sousa Neto  Carlos Clemente Cerri 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,96(1-2):250-259

Anthropogenic conversion of primary forest to pasture for cattle production is still frequent in the Amazon Basin. Practices adopted by ranchers to restore productivity to degraded pasture have the potential to alter soil N availability and N gas losses from soils. We examined short-term (35 days) effects of tillage prior to pasture re-establishment on soil N availability, CO₂, NO and N₂O fluxes and microbial biomass C and N under degraded pasture at Nova Vida ranch, Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon. We collected soil samples and measured gas fluxes in tilled and control (non tilled pasture) 12 times at equally spaced intervals during October 2001 to quantify the effect of tillage. Maximum soil NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ pools were 13.2 and 6.3 kg N ha⁻¹ respectively after tillage compared to 0.24 and 6.3 kg N ha⁻¹ in the control. Carbon dioxide flux ranged from 118 to 181 mg C–CO₂ m² h⁻¹ in the control (non-tilled) and from 110 to 235 mg C–CO₂ m² h⁻¹ when tilled. Microbial biomass C varied from 365 to 461 μg g⁻¹ in the control and from 248 to 535 μg g⁻¹ when tilled. The values for N₂O fluxes ranged from 1.22 to 96.9 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹ in the tilled plots with a maximum 3 days after the second tilling. Variability in NO flux in the control and when tilled was consistent with previous measures of NO emissions from pasture at Nova Vida. When tilled, the NO/N₂O ratio remained <1 after the first tilling suggesting that denitrification dominated N cycling. The effects of tilling on microbial parameters were less clear, except for a decrease in qCO₂ and an increase in microbial biomass C/N immediately after tilling. Our results suggest that restoration of degraded pastures with tillage will lead to less C matter, at least initially. Further long-term research is needed.  相似文献   

Emissions of CO2, N2O,and NO in conventional and no-till management practices in Rondônia,Brazil     

Passianoto  Caio Cesar  Ahrens  Toby  Feigl  Brigitte J.  Steudler  Paul A.  do Carmo  Janaina B.  Melillo  Jerry M. 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,38(4):200-208

Efforts to restore productivity of pastures often employ agricultural management regimes involving either tillage or no-tillage options combined with various combinations of fertilizer application, herbicide use and the planting of a cash crop prior to the planting of forage grasses. Here we report on the emissions of CO₂, N₂O and NO from the initial phases (first 6 months) of three treatments in central Rondônia. The treatments were (1) control; (2) conventional tillage followed by planting of forage grass (Brachiaria brizantha) and fertilizer additions; (3) no-tillage/herbicide treatment followed by two plantings, the first being a cash crop of rice followed by forage grass. In treatment 3, the rice was fertilized. Relative to the control, tillage increased CO₂ emission by 37% over the first 2 months, while the no-tillage/herbicide regime decreased CO₂ emissions by 7% over the same period. The cumulative N₂O emissions over the first 2 months from the tillage regime (0.94 kg N ha^–1) were much higher than the N₂O releases from either the no-tillage/herbicide regime (0.64 kg N ha^–1) or the control treatment (0.04 kg N ha^–1). The highest levels of N₂O fluxes from both management regimes were observed following N fertilizations. The cumulative NO releases over the first 2 months were largest in the tillage treatment (0.98 kg N ha^–1), intermediate in the no-tillage treatment (0.72 kg N ha^–1), and smallest in the control treatment (0.12 kg N ha^–1). For the first week following fertilization the percentage of fertilizer N lost as N₂O plus NO was 1.0% for the tillage treatment and 3.0% for the no-tillage treatment.  相似文献   

Subsoil retention of organic and inorganic nitrogen in a Brazilian savanna Oxisol   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Lehmann  J. Lilienfein  K. Rebel  S. do  Carmo Lima W. Wilcke 《Soil Use and Management》2004,20(2):163-172

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) loss by leaching poses great challenges for N availability to crops as well as nitrate pollution of groundwater. Few studies address this issue with respect to the role of the subsoil in the deep and highly weathered savanna soils of the tropics, which exhibit different adsorption and drainage patterns to soils in temperate environments. In an Anionic Acrustox of the Brazilian savanna, the Cerrado, dynamics and budgets of applied N were studied in organic and inorganic soil pools of two maize (Zea mays L.) – soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotations using ¹⁵N tracing. Labelled ammonium sulphate was applied at 10 kg N ha^?1 (with 10 atom%¹⁵N excess) to both maize and soybean at the beginning of the cropping season. Amounts and isotopic composition of N were determined in above‐ground biomass, soil, adsorbed mineral N, and in soil solution at 0.15, 0.3, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 m depths using suction lysimeters throughout one cropping season. The applied ammonium was rapidly nitrified or immobilized in soil organic matter, and recovery of applied ammonium in soil 2 weeks after application was negligible. Large amounts of nitrate were adsorbed in the subsoil (150–300 kg NO₃^?‐N ha^?1 per 2 m) matching total N uptake by the crops (130–400 kg N ha^?1). Throughout one cropping season, more applied N (49–77%; determined by ¹⁵N tracers) was immobilized in soil organic matter than was present as adsorbed nitrate (2–3%). Most of the applied N (71–96% of ¹⁵N recovery) was found in the subsoil at 0.15–2 m depth. This coincided with an increase with depth of dissolved organic N as a proportion of total dissolved N (39–63%). Hydrophilic organic N was the dominant fraction of dissolved organic N and was, together with nitrate, the most important carrier for applied N. Most of this N (>80%) was leached from the topsoil (0–0.15 m) during the first 30 days after application. Subsoil N retention as both adsorbed inorganic N, and especially soil organic N, was found to be of great importance in determining N losses, soil N depletion and the potential of nitrate contamination of groundwater.  相似文献