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1.
Summary Morphological and chemical examinations of the extractives of the tissues and shake contents of eight Dacrydium and one Podocarpus species have been made. The whitish deposits in heart-shakes are without exception mainly podocarpic acid (PCA). This compound occurs also in the tissue of samples but only when shakes are found nearby. Accordingly PCA is regarded as an anomalous extractive, synthesized in response to those conditions resulting in shake formation. In samples with shakes PCA is present in very small amounts at the sapwood-heartwood boundary and in one sample there were traces even in the innermost sapwood. It was notable that shakes containing deposits can arise in those Dacrydium species with coloured heartwood and with a known tendency for wetwood formation. On the other hand Dacrydium franklinii does not develop coloured heartwood or wetwood or shakes, and the lack of these features may have taxonomic significance.The third author expresses his gratitude to the Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Highett, Vic., for a visiting Fellowship during 1974. 相似文献
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为探究前置导叶不同预旋角度对离心泵空化性能的影响规律,对带有自主设计前置导叶的IS 150-125-250型离心泵进行了空化性能试验,选用Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型进行3D非稳态全流道空化流动数值模拟,结果表明:在一定的角度范围内,负预旋调节可以改善离心泵的空化性能,但超过某一角度后,空化性能将快速恶化;正预旋调节会恶化离心泵的空化性能,正预旋角度越大,恶化程度越明显。对不同预旋角度下叶轮内空泡率分布规律的分析发现,一定范围内的负预旋角会减小叶轮内空化区域,正预旋会增大叶轮内空化区域。 相似文献
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Rice Full-Length cDNA Consortium;National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Rice Full-Length cDNA Project Team Kikuchi S Satoh K Nagata T Kawagashira N Doi K Kishimoto N Yazaki J Ishikawa M Yamada H Ooka H Hotta I Kojima K Namiki T Ohneda E Yahagi W Suzuki K Li CJ Ohtsuki K Shishiki T;Foundation of Advancement of International Science Genome Sequencing & Analysis Group Otomo Y Murakami K Iida Y Sugano S Fujimura T Suzuki Y Tsunoda Y Kurosaki T Kodama T Masuda H Kobayashi M Xie Q Lu M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5631):376-379
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Takeshi Izuta Taeko Yamaoka Tatsuro Nakaji Tetsushi Yonekura Masaaki Yokoyama Hideyuki Matsumura Sachie Ishida Kenichi Yazaki Ryo Funada Takayoshi Koike 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1007-1012
Dry matter production, net photosynthetic rate, leaf nutrient status and trunk anatomical characteristics of Fagus crenata seedlings grown in brown forest soil acidified by adding H2SO4 solution were investigated. The soil acidification leaded to decreased (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio in the soil solution. Dry mass per plant of the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H+ at 120 mg·L?1 was significantly reduced compared with the control value at 0 mg·L?1. When net photosynthetic rate was reduced in the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H+ at 120 mg·L?1, the carboxylation efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate at saturated CO2-concentration were lower than the control values. The addition of H+ to the soil at 120 mg·L?1iinduced a reduction in the concentration of Ca in the leaf. By contrast, the concentration of Al in the leaf was increased with increasing the amount of H+ added to the soil. The annual ring formed in the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H+ at 120 mg·L?1 was significantly narrower than that at 0 (control), 10, 30, 60 or 90 mg·L?1. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we conclude that Fagus crenata is relatively sensitive to a reduction in the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio of soil solution compared with Picea abies. 相似文献
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Ishida A Diloksumpun S Ladpala P Staporn D Panuthai S Gamo M Yazaki K Ishizuka M Puangchit L 《Tree physiology》2006,26(5):643-656
We compared differences in leaf properties, leaf gas exchange and photochemical properties between drought-deciduous and evergreen trees in tropical dry forests, where soil nutrients differed but rainfall was similar. Three canopy trees (Shorea siamensis Miq., Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W. Theob. and Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer) in a drought-deciduous forest and a canopy tree (Hopea ferrea Lanessan) in an evergreen forest were selected. Soil nutrient availability is lower in the evergreen forest than in the deciduous forest. Compared with the evergreen tree, the deciduous trees had shorter leaf life spans, lower leaf masses per area, higher leaf mass-based nitrogen (N) contents, higher leaf mass-based photosynthetic rates (mass-based P(n)), higher leaf N-based P(n), higher daily maximum stomatal conductance (g(s)) and wider conduits in wood xylem. Mass-based P(n) decreased from the wet to the dry season for all species. Following onset of the dry season, daily maximum g(s) and sensitivity of g(s) to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit remained relatively unchanged in the deciduous trees, whereas both properties decreased in the evergreen tree during the dry season. Photochemical capacity and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII) also remained relatively unchanged in the deciduous trees even after the onset of the dry season. In contrast, photochemical capacity decreased and NPQ increased in the evergreen tree during the dry season, indicating that the leaves coped with prolonged drought by down-regulating PSII. Thus, the drought-avoidant deciduous species were characterized by high N allocation for leaf carbon assimilation, high water use and photoinhibition avoidance, whereas the drought-tolerant evergreen was characterized by low N allocation for leaf carbon assimilation, conservative water use and photoinhibition tolerance. 相似文献
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为了解不同类受体蛋白激酶RLKs激酶域响应病原相关分子PAMPs信号强度的差异,本研究将拟南芥FLS2的胞外域(NT)与6种不同RLKs的激酶域(KD)组合为重组RLKs(rRLKs),构建融合基因表达载体,并通过拟南芥原生质体瞬时表达的方法,将rRLKs/FLS2、35S::GUS(内参)和FRK1::Luciferase(响应报告载体)共转化到拟南芥fls2突变体叶肉原生质体细胞中;后经flg22处理后,通过对萤光素酶(Luciferase)和葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)活性的定量分析和比较,鉴定不同RLKs激酶区域信号传导的强度。结果表明:1)FLS2、EFR、PEPR1和RLK7的激酶域可明显激活抗病响应报告基因FRK1的表达,对植物抗病反应起正调控作用;FLS2和EFR的激酶域信号传导能力最强,两者无显著差异(P0.05);PEPR1和RLK7激酶域的信号传导能力稍弱,其信号传导强度分别是FLS2的57.13%和32.92%,与FLS2差异显著(P0.05);2)CERK1和NIK1的激酶域对FRK1的上调作用不明显,其信号传导强度分别仅有FLS2的9.76%和7.88%,和FLS2NT(对照)之间无显著差异(P0.05);3)PSKR1激酶域引起FRK1表达下调,对PTI起负调控作用。本研究结果有助于了解RLK家族的抗病响应作用机理,并为人工构建更高效的rRLK蛋白提供参考。 相似文献
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S Marumoto SP Yamamoto H Nishimura K Onomoto M Yatagai K Yazaki T Fujita T Watanabe 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9106-9111
The germicidal activity of pyroligneous acid (PA) against a picornavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), was analyzed, and the component responsible for its disinfectant activity was identified. Bamboo PA (BPA) inactivated EMCV, but neutralization of BPA abolished this activity. Using liquid-liquid phase extraction and silica gel column chromatography, the hydrophobic active fraction of BPA was separated and its 12 major components were identified. The active fraction was reconstructed by mixing synthetic chemicals at the determined concentrations, and a subtraction series of one chemical from the complete mixture was prepared. An in vitro virus assay demonstrated that phenol was the sole germicidal component, and acetic acid augmented the phenol's inactivating activity resulting in >5-log decrease in EMCV infectivity. Considering the low environmental risk of PA, these findings suggest that BPA is a potentially useful agent for preventing viral epidemics in agricultural and human environments. 相似文献
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In a field study, we compared anatomy and diurnal gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in sunlit mature leaves of Macaranga gigantea (Reichb. f. and Zoll.) Muell. seedlings, saplings, an adult tree and suckers originating from stumps. We tested the hypothesis that the pattern of resource use shifts across various life stages with ontogenetic changes in leaf anatomy and physiology. Among leaves of different developmental stages, seedling leaves were the smallest and thinnest, whereas adult tree leaves were the largest and thickest, and the air space within the lamina was largest in seedling leaves and smallest in adult tree leaves. Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) was higher in seedling and sapling leaves than in adult tree leaves. Mean PNUE in seedling leaves was 1.6 times that in adult tree leaves. Nevertheless, among the developmental stages, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) per unit leaf area was lowest in seedling leaves because they have the lowest nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf area. In situ water vapor stomatal conductance (g(s) at a given leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit was highest in sapling leaves, suggesting that they have a high hydraulic efficiency per unit leaf area. Among developmental stages, intrinsic water-use efficiency (Pn/g(s)) and photochemical capacity of photosystem II were lowest in seedling leaves. Sapling leaves had the highest N concentration and Pn per unit dry mass and the highest g(s), indicating that the gradual transition from the seedling stage to the sapling stage is accompanied by an accumulation of N in plant bodies and the development of hydraulic systems to counteract unfavorable environmental stresses. The properties of adult tree leaves (low PNUE, high carbon:N ratio, small and dense cells and thick lamina) indicate that, during the transition from the sapling stage to the adult tree stage, the priority of resource use in leaves gradually shifts from enhancement of photosynthetic performance to defense against herbivory and mechanical damage. Leaf morphology and physiology were coordinated with the differences in resource use at each life stage. 相似文献
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Shingo Mitsui Kikuo Kumazawa Jinya Yazaki Hiroshi Hirata Kozo Ishizuka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):25-30
As previously reported1)-4) the inhibition of nutrients uptake by rice plant with such respiration inhibitors as hydrogen sulfide, butyric acid, cyanide, and azide differed strikingly from element to element. The order of suppression, however, was similar in these respiratory inhibitors, and the Ce I Itlon coefficients as revealed in terms of percents of decrease were grouped in the order of K2O·P2O5>SiO2·SO3·Br>MnO·NH4-N·H2O2> MgO·CaO. This established order attracted the authors interest to elucidate the essential mechanism of the uptake of each element, possibly linked specifically with metabolic pathways, particularly of respiration, within the plant roots. In view of the prime importance of three major fertilizer elements N.P.K., the specific metabolic linkages of these three elements were subjected to a energetic study. 相似文献