The musk rat (Ondatra zibethicus) as intermediate host of cestodes in the Netherlands     

Borgsteede FH  Tibben JH  van der Giessen JW 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,117(1-2):29-36

An investigation on the presence of larval cestodes in musk rats (Ondatra zibethicus) was carried out in two regions of the Netherlands (east Groningen and south Limburg) where in a earlier study foxes with Echinococcus multilocularis were found. A total of 1726 musk rats were dissected (1200 in Groningen, 526 in Limburg). Larval stages of Taenia taeniaeformis were most frequently found (total 44.8%: Groningen 42%, Limburg 51.3%), followed by T. martis (total 6.1%: Groningen 0.7%, Limburg 18.6%). Infections with T. crassiceps (total 0.3%: Groningen 0%, Limburg 1.0%), T. polyacantha (total 0.2%; Groningen 0.3%, Limburg 0%) and E. multilocularis (0.1%: Groningen 0.1%, Limburg 0%) were rare. Infections with T. taeniaeformis were more frequent in adults (71.8%) than in juveniles (34.2%). The same was found for T. martis: adults 15.3%, juveniles 2.5%. This difference was also reflected in the relation between weight of the animals and presence of infection. Heavier animals (>1000 g) were more often infected with T. taeniaeformis (74.1%) than animals less than 1000 g (34.8%). In musk rats weighing less than 500 g (n=155) only 5.2% were infected, but above 1200 g, 82.6%. The highest number of T. taeniaeformis was 28, of T. martis 13, of T. crassiceps >1000 and of T. polyacantha 24. The E. multilocularis was in a very young stage, a few white spots in the liver. Although E. multilocularis infections were exceptional, it is expected that with a rise in the number of infected foxes in the Netherlands the number of infected musk rats will increase.  相似文献   

Ist die Abwasserverregnung vom hygienischen Standpunkt aus vertretbar     

Harmsen H. 《Journal of pest science》1959,32(1):14

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Fatal Gastrointestinal Infection with ‘Flexispira rappini’‐Like Organisms in a Cat     

A. Kipar  M. Weber  S. Menger  D. Harmsen 《Zoonoses and public health》2001,48(5):357-365

A 4‐month‐old male British Blue cat with catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis showed massive colonization of the stomach, small intestine and caecum with spiral‐shaped bacilli. In the stomach, organisms were located in foveolae and gland lumina and within unaltered and degenerate epithelial cells. Inflammatory infiltration was moderate and T cell dominated. In the intestine, bacilli were found in the gut lumen, between villi, in crypt lumina and within epithelial cells. Degeneration of crypt epithelial cells as well as crypt dilation and moderate to massive macrophage‐dominated infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa were observed. Immunohistochemically, bacilli were positive with an antibody against Helicobacter. Ultrastructurally, the organisms strongly resembled ‘Flexispira rappini’, a spiral‐shaped Helicobacter species known as a normal intestinal colonizer in dogs and mice.  相似文献   

The role of macrophages in particle translocation from lungs to lymph nodes   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

A G Harmsen  B A Muggenburg  M B Snipes  D E Bice 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,230(4731):1277-1280

Red fluorescent and green fluorescent microspheres were instilled into separate but adjacent areas of dog lung lobes. After 7 days, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained both of the instilled areas contained many macrophages with all red or all green microspheres but rarely both. This indicates that the particles did not translocate passively and that lung macrophages phagocytized the microspheres in the lung and carried them to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. In addition, two populations of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM's), one that had phagocytized red microspheres in vivo and one that had phagocytized green microspheres, were lavaged from the lungs of dogs, mixed into one population, and instilled back into a previously unexposed lung lobe of the same dogs. As in the first experiment, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained the instilled area contained numerous macrophages with either all red or all green microspheres. This suggested that the instilled PAM's had migrated to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Thus, lung macrophages, including PAM's probably play a critical role in the induction of lung immunity and in protection from disease by determining particle translocation.  相似文献   

Bronchoalveolar immune defense in cattle exposed to primary and secondary challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus     

Silflow RM  Degel PM  Harmsen AG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,103(1-2):129-139

To evaluate immune defense mechanisms against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), four calves received primary and secondary intrabronchial infections with the cytopathic, type I Singer strain of BVDV. The cellular and humoral responses to these site-specific infections with BVDV were monitored by sequential bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) conducted prior to infection (day 0, non-infected controls) and on days 4, 7, 10, 17 (day 31, secondary infection), 35, 38, 41, 48 and 62 post-infection. Peak quantities of BVDV were recovered from BAL on day 4. BVDV clearance from the lung was complete between days 17 and 31. Immune clearance of BVDV from the lower airways upon secondary infection was swift, within 4 days, and sustained throughout a 1-month period. Total numbers of BAL CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes increased >200-fold by day 10, and increased to levels >70-fold higher than background by 4 days after a secondary BVDV infection. gammadelta(+) T-lymphocytes increased 100-fold by day 7 and remained at levels at least 10-fold higher than pre-infection throughout the study. B-lymphocytes increased to levels 30-fold greater than pre-infection levels by day 10, and further increased to levels 100-fold higher following secondary BVDV infection. Activation (defined by the phenotype CD25(+)/CD62L(-)) and memory (defined by the phenotype CD45RO(+)/CD45R(-)) profiles of lymphocytes in the lower airways were characterized. Activated subpopulations of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells increased nearly 300- and 150-fold, respectively, by day 10, and to levels 100- and 50-fold 4 days after the secondary infection. Memory subpopulations of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells increased to levels 170- and 120-fold, respectively, by day 10, and to levels approximately 400- and 300-fold, respectively, 7 days after the secondary infection. The primary antibody response consisted of increased titers of anti-BVDV-specific IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). A strong secondary antibody response with high levels of anti-BVDV-specific IgA and IgG in BALF before day 4 post-secondary BVDV infection, likely contributed, along with cellular defenses, to the rapid clearance of virus from the lung upon secondary exposure. These results demonstrate that primary infection of the bovine lung with BVDV initiates cell-mediated immune responses capable of clearing the virus within 2-3 weeks. Furthermore, populations of immune-activated and memory T-lymphocytes, combined with BVDV-specific antibody production, contribute to rapid BVDV clearance upon secondary exposure to the virus.  相似文献   

Comparison of the sensitivity of in vitro and in vivo tests for detection of the presence of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 strain     

Antonis AF  Bouma A  de Bree J  de Jong MC 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,102(3-4):131-140

Veterinary vaccines are usually tested for the absence of contaminants. However, the quality control does not always imply that vaccines are not contaminated as, for example, illustrated by the bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1) vaccine used in The Netherlands in 1999 that contained a small amount of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV1). Thousands of cows were vaccinated with BHV1 vaccine batches, and the question arose as to whether these small amounts of BVDV1, most likely not detected with in vitro tests, could have infected cattle. More in general, the question was whether the outcome of the in vitro tests, i.e. the in vitro infectivity, was indicative for the infectivity for cattle, i.e. the in vivo infectivity. We therefore carried out in vitro experiments to determine the sensitivity of a BVDV1 isolation assay. In addition, we performed two animal experiments, in which we estimated the lowest dose needed to infect calves with BVDV1. We extrapolated the experimental in vitro and in vivo results from a tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) to a cattle infectious dose (CID50). We observed a partial response in the calves inoculated with this dose: four out of six calves turned out to be infected. In the tissue culture test, all 20 samples tested negative. The response in vivo, however, was not significantly higher than the in vitro response, which implies that no difference in susceptibility was observed between the animal test and the tissue culture test. Based on the results in our experiments, some cattle may have been infected with BVDV1 after the application of the contaminated BHV1 vaccine during the vaccination campaign. The question remains that how many cattle received contaminated vaccine, and became infected with BVDV1.  相似文献   

A case of very serious Sarcoptes mange in alpacas (Lama pacos)     

Borgsteede FH  Timmerman A  Harmsen MM 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2006,131(8):282-283

After the diagnosis sarcoptic mange in four alpaca's (Lama pacos) we have tried to control this infection. Despite three treatments with doramectin, three with ivermectin, four with amitraz and two with diazinon we were unable to get the animals free of Sarcoptes mites and their condition deteriorated. One animal died six month after the first treatment. The three remaining animals were euthanized one month thereafter.  相似文献   

Is good care (only) guaranteed by a specialist?     

Beijer A  Deinum J  Groenestein P  Hopmans J  Kappen M  Moorman H  Rasenberg W  Reirink H 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2008,133(8):348-9; author reply 349-50

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Is good care (only) guaranteed by a specialist? Part 2     

Beijer A  Deinum J  Groenestein P  Hopmans J  Kappen M  Moorman H  Rasenberg W  Rierink H 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2008,133(14-15):631; author reply 631

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The Image of Fish from Aquaculture Among Europeans: Impact of Exposure to Balanced Information     

Themistoklis Altintzoglou  Wim Verbeke  Filiep Vanhonacker  Joop Luten 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):103-119

This study investigated the effect of balanced, nonpersuasive information related to safety, healthiness, and sustainability of aquaculture on the image of farmed fish among European consumers. It was demonstrated that there is neither positive nor negative influence of this type of information on the predominantly positive image of fish from aquaculture. Consumers who were exposed to information related to the EU origin and aquaculture related guarantee reported a more positive image of farmed fish. These results provide valuable input for transparent communication about fish farming practices which might increase consumer trust and will not harm the image of fish from aquaculture. Increasing consumers' knowledge about aquaculture and its positive effects on the image of farmed fish is also discussed as a pathway for maintaining and improving aquaculture's positive image in the future.  相似文献