排序方式： 共有29条查询结果，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
Eurasian Soil Science - We analyzed the original and most developed environmental legislation of the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, and Canada, as well as the systems of Finland, the... 相似文献
2.
M. N. Maslov E. I. Kopeina A. G. Zudkin N. E. Koroleva A. A. Shulakov V. G. Onipchenko M. I. Makarov 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2016,71(3):113-119
This article considers carbon stocks in the tundra ecosystems of northern Fennoscandia with different meso- and macrorelief features in relation with the value and structure of the phytomass of these ecosystems and their volume weight of fine-grained soil. The basic stocks of ecosystem carbon (60–97%) are concentrated in shallow soils. The value of the soil pool of carbon is influenced not only by its concentration but also by the thickness and level of stoniness of soil horizons. Phytomass is the second most significant carbon pool. It was established that most of the tundra ecosystems have stocks of this element largely in belowground phytomass, which, on the whole, reflects the correlation between its aboveground and belowground parts. The carbon stocks in the mortmass of tundra ecosystems are comparable with or slightly exceed the carbon stocks in the live phytomass. 相似文献
3.
D. I. Rukhovich E. I. Pankova G. I. Chernousenko P. V. Koroleva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2010,43(6):682-692
A set of salinization maps (1983–2000) for the former Yusupov State Farm in the irrigated area of the Golodnaya Steppe (Uzbekistan)
were developed with the use of aerial and satellite images taken in the early autumn season. A unified approach based on the
analysis of the mottled patterns of the cotton fields was used. The soil cover of the farm consists of irrigated hydromorphic
moderately saline soils with the participation of nonsaline and strongly saline soils. The long-ter m dynamics of the soil
salinity were studied via superposing two or more maps for different years. It was shown that the long-term salinization dynamics
could not be determined on the basis of the comparison of only two maps for different years. Maps of the trends of the salinization
for the entire period of the observations, a map of the salinization dynamics showing the degree of changes in the soil salinity
for the particular areas, a map of the areas with stable salinization through the entire period, and some other maps were
developed. A considerable part of the investigated area was characterized by highly unstable soil salinity and active salinization-desalinization
processes. The degree of the soil salinity varied from slight to strong and vice versa. For the entire period, the soils were
mainly medium saline in the upper meter with a weakly expressed tendency for further salinization and a drop in the area of
nonsaline and slightly saline soils. 相似文献
4.
D. I. Rukhovich V. B. Wagner E. V. Vil’chevskaya N. V. Kalinina P. V. Koroleva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(9):957-968
Soviet and Russian pedologists, ecologists, geobotanists, geographers, and other specialists created a large set of maps on
the territory of the former Soviet Union. In most cases, these maps were published; at present, they are available as hardcopies.
Their digitization clearly shows various merits and demerits of thematic maps on the territory of the Soviet Union and Russia. 相似文献
5.
D. I. Rukhovich M. S. Simakova A. L. Kulyanitsa A. V. Bryzzhev P. V. Koroleva N. V. Kalinina G. I. Chernousenko E. V. Vil’chevskaya E. A. Dolinina S. V. Rukhovich 《Eurasian Soil Science》2016,49(2):145-162
A methodology for comparing soil map of different dates in order to reveal changes in the soil cover is discussed. The analysis of a set of the maps of soil salinization on one of the farms in the Golodnaya Steppe region of Uzbekistan is used as an example. It is shown that traditional methods of comparing two maps developed in different years (normally, with an interval of five years and more) are low informative for the assessment of soil salinization dynamics. The suggested methodology assumes simultaneous analysis of several maps in order to reveal the trends in soil salinization. However, even in this case, the obtained results do not adequately characterize the dynamics of soil salinization on irrigated fields. It is argued that the direction of soil salinization–desalinization processes is an improper characteristic in this case. In order to understand the dynamics of soil salinization, the maps showing the dynamism of soil salinity and the maximum changes in the degree of salinity can be applied. A series of the compared maps make it possible to describe the changes in the soil cover related to salinization–desalinization processes. The high dynamism of these processes against the background of a virtually stable pool of soluble salts in the 1-m-deep soil layer is shown for the considered farm. 相似文献
6.
D. I. Rukhovich A. D. Rukhovich D. D. Rukhovich M. S. Simakova A. L. Kulyanitsa P. V. Koroleva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(3):345-358
The technique of separation of the spectral neighborhood of soil line (SNSL) makes it possible to perform quantitative estimates of the intensity of agricultural land use. This is achieved via calculation of the frequency of occurrence of bare soil surface (BSS). It is shown that the frequency of occurrence of BSS in 1984–1994 was linearly related to the soil type within the sequence of soddy strongly podzolic, soddy moderately podzolic, soddy slightly podzolic (Eutric Albic Glossic Retisols (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Differentic, Ochric)); light gray forest (Eutric Retisols (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Differentic, Ochric)), gray forest (Eutric Retisols (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Ochric)), and dark gray forest soils (Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems (Loamic, Aric)); podzolized chernozems (Luvic Greyzemic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Aric, Pachic)) and leached chernozems (Luvic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Aric, Pachic)). The intensity of exploitation of the least and most fertile soils in this sequence comprised 28 and 48%, respectively. In the next decade (1995–2004) the relationship between the type of soil and the intensity of its exploitation drastically changed; the intensity of exploitation of the leas and most fertile soils comprised 14 and 43%, respectively. Nearly a half of agricultural lands in the zones of soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils were abandoned, because the cultivation of the soils with the natural fertility below that in the podzolized chernozems became economically unfeasible under conditions of the economic crisis of the 1990s. The spatiotemporal relationships between the character of the soil cover and the intensity of exploitation of the agricultural lands manifest themselves by the decreasing frequency of occurrence of BSS from leached chernozems to soddy strongly podzolic soils and from 1985 to 2014. 相似文献
7.
Olga I. Klein Natalia A. Kulikova Ivan S. Filimonov Olga V. Koroleva Andrey I. Konstantinov 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1355-1364
Purpose
Humic substances (HS) play important functions in the environment by radical scavenging in biogeochemical redox reactions, thus influencing behavior of pollutants and preventing damage to cell membranes; this is due to antioxidant properties of HS. Previous studies focused primarily on assessing endpoint antioxidant capacity (AOC) of HS. Our work aimed to estimate long-term kinetics of the antioxidant capacities of humic and humic-like substances under different pH in relation to their specific structural features.Materials and methods
The 10-h kinetic profiles of four standard HS and two fungi-produced humic-like substances (HLS) were established with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) approach using the ABTS decolorization assay. Three pH levels (3.75, 4.25, and 6.80) and a broad range of humic material concentrations (0.5–10 mg L?1) were examined. The data were divided into intervals and fit using exponential functions to evaluate the endpoint AOCs as well as rate constants for the reaction of humic materials with the ABTS radical cation. To further explore the nature of the antioxidant activities of humic materials, the physicochemical features and antioxidant activities of humic compounds were subjected to correlation analysis.Results and discussion
Our results demonstrated that during the first 40 min, the determined AOCs did not exceed 50 % of the endpoint AOCs for studies of humic materials, indicating that short-term measures of the AOCs of humic materials provide artificially low values due to the presence of slow-acting antioxidant compounds. Due to the instability of ABTS?+ at neutral and alkaline pH values, only the fast antioxidant moieties of humic materials can be assessed with ABTS decolorization approach under these conditions. Our results show that at acidic pH, the antioxidant activity of HLS is mainly related to the presence of nitrogen-containing groups rather than phenols. However, for HS, both nitrogen-containing compounds and phenolic compounds should be considered.Conclusions
To obtain clearer information concerning the AOC of humic materials, kinetic profiles should first be established, and then endpoint measurements should be taken at a time when the reaction has reached, or at least neared, the endpoint.8.
A. L. Kulyanitsa A. D. Rukhovich D. D. Rukhovich P. V. Koroleva D. I. Rukhovich M. S. Simakova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(4):387-395
The concept of soil line can be to describe the temporal distribution of spectral characteristics of the bare soil surface. In this case, the soil line can be referred to as the multi-temporal soil line, or simply temporal soil line (TSL). In order to create TSL for 8000 regular lattice points for the territory of three regions of Tula oblast, we used 34 Landsat images obtained in the period from 1985 to 2014 after their certain transformation. As Landsat images are the matrices of the values of spectral brightness, this transformation is the normalization of matrices. There are several methods of normalization that move, rotate, and scale the spectral plane. In our study, we applied the method of piecewise linear approximation to the spectral neighborhood of soil line in order to assess the quality of normalization mathematically. This approach allowed us to range normalization methods according to their quality as follows: classic normalization > successive application of the turn and shift > successive application of the atmospheric correction and shift > atmospheric correction > shift > turn > raw data. The normalized data allowed us to create the maps of the distribution of a and b coefficients of the TSL. The map of b coefficient is characterized by the high correlation with the ground-truth data obtained from 1899 soil pits described during the soil surveys performed by the local institute for land management (GIPROZEM). 相似文献
9.
Makarov M. I. Buzin I. S. Tiunov A. V. Malysheva T. I. Kadulin M. S. Koroleva N. E. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2019,52(10):1195-1206
Eurasian Soil Science - The isotopic composition of nitrogen in soils and plants may be an indicator of transformation of its compounds and sources of N nutrition of plants. Natural 15N abundance... 相似文献
10.
Koroleva P. V. Rukhovich D. I. Shapovalov D. A. Suleiman G. A. Dolinina E. A. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2019,52(7):834-852
Eurasian Soil Science - A hypothesis about an increase in the area of waterlogged soils on arable lands of Tambov oblast in the recent decades was tested by the methods of retrospective monitoring... 相似文献