Evaluation of Air Pollution Burden from Contribution of Motorcycle Emission in Bangkok     

Leong  Shing Tet  Muttamara  S.  Laortanakul  Preecha 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,131(1-4):41-60

This study investigated the relationship between exhaust emission from motorcycles and ambient air quality in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). The test result revealed that averagepollutant concentrations of the test motorcycles in terms of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide were 8.38, 16.69 and 0.04 g km^-1, respectively. The finding also indicated that two-stroke motorcycles emitted 1.5 and 5 times more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission, respectively perkilometer driven than do four-stroke motorcycles. Four air sampling stations were strategically established to evaluate the air pollution problems in Bangkok arising from vehicle exhaust emission. Investigation was carried out to determine the correlation between average air pollutant concentration with different traffic configuration in each traffic zone of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMA) during peak/non peak hours, day/night times and weekday/weekend. The average concentrationsof PM₁₀ particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide in Bangkok street air were found tobe 84.33 μg m^-3 (24 hr ave.), 7.05 mg m^-3 (8 hr ave.), 56.74 μg m^-3 (1 hr ave.) and 9.60 μg m^-3 (24 hr ave.), respectively.  相似文献   

Influence of Salinity and Acidity on Bioavailability of Sludge-Borne Heavy Metals. A Case Study of Bangkok Municipal Sludge     

Parkpian  Preeda  Leong  Shing Tet  Laortanakul  Preecha  Torotoro  Josephine L. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,139(1-4):43-60

This study was conducted to assess the potential of Bangkoksewage sludge for amendment of saline and acidic soil withrespect to heavy metal mobilization. Experiments were carriedout at six levels of salinity (with electrical conductivityvalues of 2, 4, 8, 19, 31 and 42 dS m^-1) and two levels ofacidity (with pH values of 5 and 6). A pure sludge sample was used as a control system. Subsamples were collected andanalyzed for total and bioavailable heavy metals. Three sets ofsoil-sludge mixture were prepared using different weight ratio(1:1, 4:1 and 10:1) to simulate the conditions in the field withsludge-amended soil. Samples of soil-sludge mixture were incubated for 4 weeks to stabilize organic substances. Themobility and concentration of bioavailable heavy metal invarying soil-sludge mixture ratio with different electricalconductivity (EC) values were evaluated with the use of DTPA(diethylenetriamine pentaacetric acid) extraction techniques.Pure saline soil sample from Sakhon Nakhon (North-eastern partof Thailand) was used of salt-heavy metal interactions on thegermination percentage in soil mixed with sludge and to screencrops or varieties for their tolerances to soil salinity. Seventypes of seeds – mung bean, corn, soybean, tomato, stringbean, sunflower and marigol – were planted in each of the threesoil-sludge mixtures (1:1, 4:1 and 10:1) with different salinitylevels. Seedlings were monitored by counting the number of seeds thatare germinated and seed germination percentage can be used as anindicator for the level of salinity unsuitable for plant growth.  相似文献