摆动平底从动件盘形凸轮廓解析设计的应用     

殷珍荣  张凤举  刘金国 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1989,(3)

本文根据具体机器动作协调性要求及其具体空间几何条件,采用了摆动从动件盘形凸轮机构。其摆杆推程在O°～52°及52°～62°范围内分别采用了等加速——等速合理拼接运动规律。回程在62°～153°范围内采用了正弦加速度运动规律。用极坐标矢量分析法建立方程、微分,通过电脑程序计算,设计制造出凸轮轮廓,用于禾苗移植机的擒纵机构处,完全符合生产要求,获得了理想的效果。  相似文献   

Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)          下载免费PDF全文

J. P. Rodríguez  M. Aro  M. Coarite  S.‐E. Jacobsen  B. Ørting  M. Sørensen  C. Andreasen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(3):254-267

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.  相似文献   

Caudal epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine in horses: An evaluation of analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function,mentation and physical examination parameters     

L. N. Rønnow Kjærulff  N. J. Dorch Lauritsen  C. Thorn Ekstrøm  S. Østergaard  E. Olsen  S. Hyldahl Laursen  C. Lindegaard 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(7):360-367

Caudal epidural analgesia is a well-established therapeutic modality for pain alleviation in horses. Additionally, epidural analgesia could potentially be a complementary diagnostic tool for confirmation of pain-related conditions in horses presenting with nonspecific signs of poor performance or rideability issues. To use the epidural as a diagnostic tool, the administered medications should provide efficient analgesia without accompanying adverse effects. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function, mentation and physical examination parameters of caudal epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine in horses. Five mares received a caudal epidural injection of 0.1 mg/kg bwt methadone and 0.1 mg/kg bwt morphine diluted to a total volume of 4.4 mL/100 kg. Before and several times thereafter, horses were subjected to mechanical nociceptive threshold evaluation, physical examination, assessment of mentation and locomotor function examination. Horses were assigned ataxia scores (0–4) by a group of inexperienced raters (three senior-year veterinary students) and a group of experienced raters (two board-certified internal medicine specialists) that assessed the locomotor examinations either live or video-based. The epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine resulted in clinically relevant and statistically significant increases of horses’ tolerance to mechanical noxious stimuli at the coccygeal, perineal, sacral, lumbar and thoracic regions. Analgesia was evident after 4.4 h and lasted at least 5 h. Regional differences in the onset of analgesia reflected a cranial spread of the analgesic solution. No horses showed signs of gait disturbances; the overall median ataxia score was 0 at all times; and the average difference in scores between two randomly selected raters for a random horse at a random time point was 0.377 indicating high inter-rater agreement. There were no adverse changes of mentation and physical examination parameters. Observed side effects included signs of decreased frequency of defaecation, generalised sweating, and pruritus.  相似文献   

Egg polymorphism and highly sensitive egg recognition of cross-phenotypes in rufescent prinias Prinia rufescens as effective defenses against brood parasitism     

Canchao YANG  Longwu WANG  Anders Pape MØLLER  Wei LIANG 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(2):280-285

  相似文献   

基于语义本体的柑橘肥水管理决策支持系统   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

王艺  王英  原野  郭云龙  张自力  邓烈  李莉 《农业工程学报》2014,30(9):93-101

利用信息技术实现柑橘精准生产管理是果树信息化管理的重点和难点。该文针对山地果园肥水信息化精准管理问题,研发了基于语义本体的柑橘肥水管理决策支持系统。柑橘肥水语义本体是决策支持系统的核心,它以资源描述框架三元组整合涉农信息。系统实现了施肥、生理病害防治和排灌监测3个功能。系统验证结果表明:1)施肥查询模块能够根据树龄、施肥时期、土壤质地、地形和产量5个因素计算氮、磷、钾施肥量,经216组数据验证其输出正确率100%;2)经100组涵盖12种营养素缺乏和过剩生理病害数据验证,病症查询模块能够根据输入病症正确判断生理病害;3)排灌检测模块能根据不同土壤质地对排灌实时监测,经小型气象站获取的土壤含水率数据验证,系统正确预警率达100%。经361组性能测试数据结果表明系统平均响应时间在0.23 s(浏览器端应用)和0.58 s(手机端应用)内,具备较优性能。该研究为农业领域知识建模和异构多源数据整合等问题提供了可行方案。  相似文献   

基于冠层光谱的锦橙叶片磷素营养监测研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

易时来  邓烈  何绍兰  郑永强  吕强  谢让金 《核农学报》2013,27(2):225-230

以盆栽蓬安100号锦橙施肥调控试验为基础,利用田间冠层光谱信息探索建立植株磷素营养监测技术与方法。通过采集蓬安100号锦橙95个单株样本的冠层光谱信息和室内检测分析叶片磷含量,随机选取76个作为建模样本,19个为检验样本,运用多种光谱预处理方法和偏最小二乘法(Partial least square method,PLS)及内部交叉验证方法建立校正模型与模型检验。结果表明,经多种光谱预处理方法的建模结果比较,冠层原始反射光谱经二阶求导和SNV处理后建立的蓬安100号锦橙叶片磷含量冠层光谱监测模型预测能力和稳健性最佳,其主成分数4个,能表达全波段63%的信息;校正模型相关系数为0.90,偏差Bias=2.45E-10,且RMSEC和RMSEP均最小。模型检验预测的决定系数R2=0.85。因此,利用二阶导数及标准归一化(Standard normal variate transformation,SNV)预处理的田间冠层光谱信息快速无损监测蓬安100号锦橙叶片磷含量具有一定的可行性。  相似文献   

农村居民点用地的多功能性划分及其农户利用差异性评价     

张列  王成  杜相佐  王钟书  邓春  李颢颖 《农业工程学报》2017,33(12):278-285

受农户生计方式多元化和城市文化的影响,农村居民点内部用地分工更为明显且呈多功能性,探讨农村居民点用地的多功能性及农户个体利用的差异性特征,既利于客观测算农村居民点用地资产价值,又能为合理设计农民新居内部构型提供理论基础。研究以重庆市江津区燕坝村1 923处农村居民点用地为研究对象,在农村居民点用地的多功能性划分基础上构建多功能评价指标体系,测算农村居民点用地的优势功能,进而辨析不同生计类型农户的农村居民点用地优势功能差异性。其结果为:按照二级分类体系,农村居民点用地可划分为居住用地、农业生产用地、非农生产用地、附属用地4个1级地类,堂屋用地、圈舍养殖用地、院落用地等11个2级地类;不同生计类型农户的农村居民点用地优势功能差异明显,农业专业化发展型农户以农业生产功能为主导(优势度达1.987 8),而兼业发展型农户优势功能不明显,具均衡性;农业多样化发展型农户、非农多样化发展型农户、非农专业化发展型农户分别以服务功能(优势度1.873 0)、居住功能(优势度1.569 2)、非农生产功能(优势度2.387 9)为主导。农户生计方式与农村居民点用地优势功能是相适应的,农民新居建设应根据不同生计类型农户的生计方式设计不同的农村居民点用地组合模式。  相似文献   

水泥-粉煤灰基植生固沙材料的正交优化和氮、磷、钾初期释放速率研究     

曲烈  乐俐  杨久俊  赵素宁 《水土保持研究》2010,17(3):148-152

以本实验室设计的配方来制备水泥-粉煤灰基固沙材料,以3～4个月释放期的美国Osmocote 14-14-14为控释肥肥源,以PAM、自制SAP1和SAP2为吸水保水剂,采用沙柱法对植生固沙材料的吸水剂种类、吸水剂用量、肥料用量和水灰比材料参数进行正交优化试验,研究材料参数与NPK释放速率和材料抗压、抗折强度的关系。结果表明,影响N释放速率的主要因素是肥料用量和吸水剂种类,影响抗折强度的主要因素是水灰比和吸水剂种类,优化配方是1.5%PAM,0.8 g Osmocote/100 g沙和水灰比为1.2。在水泥-粉煤灰基固沙材料中NPK的28 d初期释放量大小顺序为K＞N＞P,其原因是水泥基材料富钾和固磷特性使得增K减P,水泥基材料毛细孔多孔特征使得N将以气态氨和液态銨释放。N的初期释放率受N的水溶肿胀和控释肥薄膜孔缝扩大速度的影响。  相似文献   

白羊草光合特性及非结构性碳水化合物含量对 CO₂ 浓度倍增和干旱胁迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖列  刘国彬  李鹏  薛萐 《植物营养与肥料学报》2017,23(2):389-397

【目的】 探明 CO₂ 浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下白羊草光合特性及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响,为未来大气 CO₂ 浓度升高以及干旱、半干旱地区水分亏缺等逆境下白羊草的生长提供理论依据和技术参数。 【方法】 盆栽试验采用裂区设计,研究了黄土丘陵区典型草本植物白羊草光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物 (NSC) 及其组分 (可溶性糖和淀粉) 的含量对不同 CO₂ 浓度 (400 μmol/mol 和 800 μmol/mol) 和不同水分处理 [35%～40% FC (重度干旱胁迫)、55%～60% FC (轻度干旱胁迫) 和 75%～80% FC (对照)] 的响应。 【结果】 CO₂ 浓度倍增和干旱胁迫对白羊草光合–光响应曲线参数和 NSC 及其组分含量有显著影响,但 2 个因素之间没有显著的交互作用。CO₂ 浓度倍增显著提高了白羊草叶片最大净光合速率 (P_max )、表观量子效率 (AQY)、光饱和点 (LSP) 和光补偿点 (LCP)(P < 0.01),而干旱胁迫则显著降低了P_max 、AQY 和LSP (P < 0.01)。CO₂ 浓度倍增和干旱胁迫均提高了白羊草地上部分可溶性糖含量。在正常 CO₂ 浓度条件下,与对照相比,轻度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫均显著降低了白羊草地上部分和根系部分淀粉含量。CO₂ 浓度倍增使对照、轻度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫处理下白羊草地上部分淀粉含量分别提高了 17.4%、44.2% 和 18.7%,根系部分淀粉含量分别提高了 17.3%、88.4% 和 54.4%。轻度和重度干旱胁迫均显著降低了正常 CO₂ 浓度条件下白羊草根系部分 NSC 含量。CO₂ 浓度倍增显著提高了对照处理和轻度干旱胁迫处理下白羊草地上部分以及轻度干旱胁迫处理和重度干旱胁迫处理下白羊草根系部分 NSC 含量。在正常 CO₂ 浓度下,轻度和重度干旱胁迫导致白羊草地上部分和根系部分可溶性糖含量与总 NSC 含量比值的显著提高。在倍增 CO₂ 浓度下,重度干旱胁迫显著提高了白羊草地上部分可溶性糖含量与总 NSC 含量的比值,而对照处理和轻度干旱胁迫处理无显著差异。 【结论】 干旱胁迫促进了白羊草体内淀粉向可溶性糖的转化,导致可溶性糖含量的升高和淀粉含量的降低。CO₂ 浓度倍增促进了白羊草地上部分和根系部分淀粉和 NSC 含量的积累,为干旱胁迫下白羊草生理代谢活动所需可溶性糖提供了来源。CO₂ 浓度升高能够缓解干旱胁迫造成的不利影响,提高了白羊草的抗旱性。   相似文献   

Impaired glucose tolerance,angiopathy and advanced glycation end products     

ZHAN Ya-shi  FENG Lie 《园艺学报》2009,25(2):405-408

The definition of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was first introduced by the National Diabetes Data Group at 1979. Recently the morbidity rate of IGT is soaring. About 10%-15% of patients with IGT will progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is approximately more than 100 times comparing with normal glucose tolerance people. Angiopathy can be detected in 40% patients with newly diagnosed IGT. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are closely related to angiopathy. Meanwhile there is some connection between IGT and AGEs. In this review, the relationship between IGT, agiopathy and AGEs is discussed.  相似文献