Source of mycorrhizal inoculum influences growth of Faidherbia albida seedlings     

Emiru Birhane  Mengsteab Hailemariam  Girmay Gebresamuel  Tesfay Araya  Kiros Meles Hadgu  Lindsey Norgrove 《林业研究》2020,31(1):313-323

Poor land use management and practice inhibit the growth and establishment of tree seedlings in dryland areas.We assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)status of Faidherbia albida(Del.)A.Chev.trees grown on different land uses.We quantified the growth and nutrient uptake of F.albida seedlings inoculated with AM from different sources.These efforts were based on soil and fine root samples from the rhizosphere soils of F.albida trees.AM root colonization was determined using the gridline intersect method.Spores were extracted by the wet sieving and decanting method and identified to genus level.The seedling experiment had a completely randomized onefactorial design with four treatments and five replications.Faidherbida albida seedlings were grown in a greenhouse.All in situ F.albida trees were colonized by AM fungi.AM root colonization of F.albida trees was significantly higher(P<0.0086)in area exclosures than on lands used for grazing or cultivation.Spore abundance was significantly higher(P<0.0014)in area exclosures followed by cultivated land and grazing land.Glomus was the dominant genus in all land-uses.AM-inoculated F.albida seedlings grew better(P<0.05)than non-inoculated controls.Seedlings inoculated with AM from area exclosure had significantly(P<0.05)higher growth and nutrient uptake than those inoculated with AM from grazing and cultivated land.This emphasizes the importance of the native soil AM potential for better establishment of seedlings to achieve optimum plant growth improvement and assist in rehabilitation of degraded arid lands.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of monensin intoxication in poultry          下载免费PDF全文

Lindsey GD  Novilla MN  Stobbs LA 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(5):341

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Nitrous oxide emissions from dairy farm effluent applied to a New Zealand pasture soil          下载免费PDF全文

Y. Shi  S. Lindsey  D. Houlbrooke  S. Ledgard 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(2):279-289

A field experiment on permanent ryegrass–white clover pasture at AgResearch's Ruakura dairy farm near Hamilton, New Zealand quantified nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from different types of dairy effluent applied to soil at three seasons and evaluated the potential of dicyandiamide (DCD) (a nitrification inhibitor) to decrease gaseous N₂O emissions. Fresh or stored manure and farm dairy effluent (FDE; from dairy shed washings), with or without DCD (10 kg/ha), were applied at approximately 100 kg N/ha to plots on a well‐drained soil on volcanic parent material. A field chamber technique was used to measure N₂O emissions. Application of manure or FDE, both in fresh and stored forms, to pasture generally increased N₂O emissions. Overall N₂O emission factors (EF) varied between 0.01% and 1.87%, depending on application season and effluent type. EFs in spring and autumn were greater than those in summer (P < 0.05). Among the effluents, N₂O EFs were largest from fresh FDE (1.65%) during the spring measurement period, stored manure (1.87%) during the autumn and stored FDE (0.25%) during the summer. DCD was effective in decreasing N₂O EFs from fresh FDE, fresh manure, stored FDE and stored manure by 40–80%, 69–76%, 24–84% and 60–70%, respectively. DCD reduced N₂O emissions during the spring and autumn seasons more effectively than in the summer season.  相似文献   

Papillary muscle measurements in cats with normal echocardiograms and cats with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy     

Adin DB  Diley-Poston L 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(4):737-741

BACKGROUND: Papillary muscle hypertrophy can occur in conjunction with, or as the only indication of, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or other diseases that result in left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (LVCH). Assessment of papillary muscle size is usually subjective because objective measures have not been reported. HYPOTHESIS: The study hypothesis was that papillary muscle dimensions are different between normal cats and cats with LVCH. ANIMALS: Echocardiograms from 44 normal cats and 40 cats with LVCH were included in the study. METHODS: All measurements were taken from the right parasternal short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles at end-diastole. Three methods were used to assess papillary muscle size: the area subtraction method, the direct area trace method, and the diameter method. Measurements were compared between cat groups and method comparisons were made among methods for area determination. RESULTS: Cats with LVCH were older and had significantly greater left ventricular septal and free wall thicknesses and larger left atrial measurements than normal cats (P < .0006). Papillary muscle measurements were significantly greater by all measurement methods in cats with LVCH than in cats with normal echocardiograms (P < .0001). The area subtraction method and direct area trace method showed moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Papillary muscle measurements were larger for LVCH cats than normal cats; however, some overlap was present. The establishment of these objective measures adds to the echocardiographic examination of cats.  相似文献   

Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in table egg layer house environments and in mice in U.S. layer houses and associated risk factors     

Garber L  Smeltzer M  Fedorka-Cray P  Ladely S  Ferris K 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):134-142

Prevalence was estimated for Salmonella enterica serotype eneritidis (SE) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the United States. Environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. Live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4-7 days. Swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for SE. The highest prevalence was in the Great Lakes region of the United States, and no SE was recovered from houses or mice in the southeast region. Presence of SE in layer houses was associated with age/molting, floor reared pullets, and number of rodents trapped. Cleaning and disinfecting houses between flocks was associated with a reduced risk. The prevalence of SE in mice from environmentally positive houses was nearly four times that of mice from environmentally negative houses.  相似文献   

Season of the year influences testosterone secretion in bulls administered luteinizing honrmone     

Jiménez-Severiano H  Quintal-Franco J  Vega-Murillo V  Zanella E  Wehrman ME  Lindsey BR  Melvin EJ  Kinder JE 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(4):1023-1029

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the secretion of testosterone (T) in bulls in response to the administration of varying doses of bovine LH (bLH) during the four seasons of the year. Five adult bulls (4 yr of age) were treated with an amount of bLH that was estimated to induce a 5 ng/mL amplitude pulse of LH in blood serum on five consecutive days around the spring equinox, summer solstice, fall equinox, and winter solstice. Five hours after this dose, bulls were treated with bLH in amounts that were estimated to induce a 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 ng/mL amplitude LH pulse in blood serum in a Latin square design. Blood samples were collected for 5 h after administration of a dose of bLH that was estimated to induce the 5-ng amplitude LH pulse, and for 3 h after administration of the variable doses of bLH, and were then assayed for concentrations of T. Average concentrations and amplitude of T release after doses of bLH that were estimated to induce the 5-ng amplitude LH pulses were greater during the spring and summer than during the winter (P < 0.05). The area under the release curve (AUC) was greater during the spring than during the winter (P < 0.05). During the 3 h after treatment with the variable doses of bLH, T response was affected by dose (P < 0.001) and season (P < 0.001), but there was no dose x season interaction. Testosterone response increased in a dose-dependent fashion for all variables studied. The greatest average concentrations of T and AUC were observed in the spring compared with the fall and winter (P < 0.05). These data support our working hypothesis that testes of bulls are more responsive in releasing T in response to bLH stimulation in the spring and summer compared with the winter; however, there were no changes in sensitivity of the testes to LH during different seasons of the year as indicated by the lack of a dose of bLH x season interaction.  相似文献   

Sodium nitroprusside-induced deliberate hypotension to facilitate patent ductus arteriosus ligation in dogs     

Hunter SL  Culp LB  Muir WW  Lerche P  Birchard SJ  Smeak DD  McLoughlin MA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(4):336-340

OBJECTIVE: To report the use of sodium nitroprusside to induce deliberate hypotension to reduce hemorrhage and facilitate surgical ligation of complicated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Six dogs. METHODS: Hemorrhage occurred during surgical ligation of PDA in 5 dogs. Surgical dissection and isolation of the PDA were very difficult in a sixth dog that was considered to be at increased risk for ductus rupture. Sodium nitroprusside (5 to 25 microg/kg/min intravenously) was administered to these 6 dogs to induce hypotension to reduce blood loss and facilitate surgical ligation of the PDA. RESULTS: Sodium nitroprusside infusion reduced blood pressure (mean arterial pressure, 45 to 60 mm Hg) within 5 to 10 minutes and hemorrhage from the PDA, facilitating its surgical ligation. Recovery from surgery and anesthesia was uneventful in all 6 dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium nitroprusside infusion can be used to induce deliberate hypotension in dogs to facilitate surgical ligation of PDA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sodium nitroprusside infusion produces hypotension within 5 to 10 minutes and is easy to control, rapidly abates, and should help to facilitate surgical ligation of PDA.  相似文献   

Evaluation by scoring and computerized morphometry of lesions of early Mycoplasma pulmonis infection and ammonia exposure in F344/N rats   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D M Pinson  T R Schoeb  J R Lindsey  J K Davis 《Veterinary pathology》1986,23(5):550-555

To evaluate lesions of ammonia exposure and Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in gnotobiotic F344/N rats, groups of rats were inoculated with M. pulmonis, exposed to 76 micrograms/liter (100 parts per million) ammonia, or both, or served as controls. Six rats from each group were killed 3, 5, 7, and 9 days after inoculation and their respiratory organs prepared for histologic examination. Lesions were assessed by subjective scoring and computerized morphometry, and results obtained by the two methods were compared to assess agreement of results. Lesions were limited to the nasal passages. Ammonia exposure resulted in hyperplastic and degenerative changes in the anterior nasal epithelium. Lesions of mycoplasmosis were more severe in ammonia-exposed than unexposed rats, but qualitative differences in lesions were not apparent. Results of the two methods agreed in assessment of submucosal inflammatory cell accumulation. Epithelial lesions were difficult to evaluate by both methods in infected, ammonia-exposed rats. In evaluation of lesions of ammonia exposure alone, agreement was adequate. Both methods indicated that exudates were significantly greater in ammonia-exposed infected rats than in non-exposed infected rats. Thus, scoring and morphometry provided similar assessments of differences in lesion severity among the treatment groups.  相似文献   

Exacerbation of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in gnotobiotic F344/N rats by Sendai virus infection   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

T R Schoeb  K C Kervin  J R Lindsey 《Veterinary pathology》1985,22(3):272-282

Six- to eight-week-old gnotobiotic F344/N rats were inoculated intranasally with 10(5.0) colony-forming units of Mycoplasma pulmonis or were sham inoculated, then one week later were given 10(0.2) 50% tissue culture infective doses of Sendai virus or sterile medium. Groups of rats were killed immediately after virus inoculation and three, five, ten, and 20 days later. Lesions in nasal passages, middle ears, larynxes, tracheas, and lungs from half of the rats in each group were subjectively scored. Organs from the other rats were quantitatively cultured for M. pulmonis and for Sendai virus. Rats given Sendai virus alone had mild, patchy, necrotizing rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, and bronchitis, but not bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonia. M. pulmonis alone induced mild lesions of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis including mild to moderate suppurative rhinitis, otitis media, laryngitis, and tracheitis with submucosal lymphoid accumulation and epithelial hyperplasia, but not lung lesions. Rats given M. pulmonis and Sendai virus had severe lesions characteristic of advanced mycoplasmal disease throughout the respiratory tract, including suppurative bronchitis with extensive lymphoid accumulations and epithelial hyperplasia; some rats also had suppurative pneumonia and bronchiectasis. Larger numbers of M. pulmonis colony-forming units were in rats given Sendai virus, but there was no statistically significant difference in Sendai virus infectious units between rats also given M. pulmonis and those given virus only.  相似文献   

Administration of fenoldopam in critically ill small animal patients with acute kidney injury: 28 dogs and 34 cats (2008–2012)          下载免费PDF全文

Lindsey K. Nielsen DVM  DACVECC  Kiko Bracker DVM  DACVECC  Lori Lyn Price MAS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(3):396-404

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