The structural classification of field boundaries in Mediterranean arable cropping systems allows the prediction of weed abundances in the boundary and in the adjacent crop     

A Cirujeda  G Pardo  A I Marí  J Aibar  Y Pallavicini  J L Gonzlez‐Andújar  J Recasens  X O Sol‐Senan 《Weed Research》2019,59(4):300-311

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Natural abundance N in soil and litter across a nitrate-output gradient in New Hampshire     

L.H. Pardo  H.F. Hemond  J.P. Montoya  J. Pett-Ridge 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007

Stable isotopes of nitrogen are potentially a valuable tool for regional assessments of nitrogen saturation because they provide an integrated measure of the past nitrogen cycling history of a site. We measured δ¹⁵N of soil and litter, as well as net nitrification potential, at three sites across a nitrate-loss gradient in the White Mountains, New Hampshire to test the hypotheses: (1) that δ¹⁵N in soil and litter increase across a spatial gradient of nitrate loss; and (2) that δ¹⁵N in soil and litter is elevated when nitrification is elevated. δ¹⁵N was found not to vary significantly among the three sites. Patterns of leaf litter and forest floor δ¹⁵N, however, were strongly influenced by species composition in individual plots. Beech litter had significantly higher δ¹⁵N than yellow birch, sugar maple, and red maple. The conifer-dominated plots had significantly lower δ¹⁵N in both the organic soil horizons and in litter than did the hardwood-dominated plots. When we adjusted for spatial heterogeneity in mineral soil δ¹⁵N values by using an enrichment factor, δ¹⁵N_foliar − δ¹⁵N_Bs, in place of absolute soil δ¹⁵N values, a positive relationship was found with net nitrification for hardwoods. δ¹⁵N may also be a useful tool for evaluating species differences in nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake. The distinct pattern we observed of decreasing δ¹⁵N across the continuum from hardwood-dominated to conifer-dominated sites may suggest that local drivers (for example, nitrification rate) regulate the absolute value of foliar δ¹⁵N, while species-driven factors (e.g., timing and type of uptake) control the foliar δ¹⁵N value of one species relative to another in the same plot.  相似文献   

Effect of red grapes co-winemaking in polyphenols and color of wines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lorenzo C  Pardo F  Zalacain A  Alonso GL  Salinas MR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7609-7616

The red grapes co-winemaking effect on phenolic fraction and wine color has been studied for the first time, where Monastrell was comacerated and cofermentated with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Changes in the relative abundance of anthocyanins were observed as well as hyperchromic shifts at 530 and 620 nm; these effects remain constant after aging. Co-winemaking also favored copigmentation, giving way to more stable anthocyanins and facilitating their polymerization. With regard to color evolution, the mixture of Monastrell with Merlot grapes was more appropriate than with Cabernet Sauvignon for aging wines in oak barrels. The extent of copigmentation was more important in young wines than in aged wines. This is mainly due to the self-anthocyanin monomer reactions in the case of young wines, whereas in aged wines copigmentation is mainly due to the reaction between the anthocyanins and other polyphenolic cofactors. Discriminant analysis showed the possibility of differentiating wines according to the aging time and the type of wine, with color parameters (color intensity, OD 620 nm, and OD 520 nm) being the most important discrimination variables in the first case and petunidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside contents in the second case.  相似文献   

Equatorial retention of the contractile actin ring by microtubules during cytokinesis     

Pardo M  Nurse P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5625):1569-1574

In most eukaryotes cytokinesis is brought about by a contractile actin ring located at the division plane. Here, in fission yeast the actin ring was found to be required to generate late-mitotic microtubular structures located at the division plane, and these in turn maintained the medial position of the actin ring. When these microtubular structures were disrupted, the actin ring migrated away from the cell middle in a membrane traffic-dependent manner, resulting in asymmetrical cell divisions that led to genomic instability. We propose that these microtubular structures contribute to a checkpoint control that retains the equatorial position of the ring when progression through cytokinesis is delayed.  相似文献   

The 1985 central chile earthquake: a repeat of previous great earthquakes in the region?     

Comte D  Eisenberg A  Lorca E  Pardo M  Ponce L  Saragoni R  Singh SK  Suárez G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4762):449-453

A great earthquake (surface-wave magnitude, 7.8) occurred along the coast of central Chile on 3 March 1985, causing heavy damage to coastal towns. Intense foreshock activity near the epicenter of the main shock occurred for 11 days before the earthquake. The aftershocks of the 1985 earthquake define a rupture area of 170 by 110 square kilometers. The earthquake was forecast on the basis of the nearly constant repeat time (83 +/- 9 years) of great earthquakes in this region. An analysis of previous earthquakes suggests that the rupture lengths of great shocks in the region vary by a factor of about 3. The nearly constant repeat time and variable rupture lengths cannot be reconciled with time- or slip-predictable models of earthquake recurrence. The great earthquakes in the region seem to involve a variable rupture mode and yet, for unknown reasons, remain periodic. Historical data suggest that the region south of the 1985 rupture zone should now be considered a gap of high seismic potential that may rupture in a great earthquake in the next few tens of years.  相似文献   

Differences in body temperature, cell viability, and HSP-70 concentrations between Pelibuey and Suffolk sheep under heat stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rosita Denny Romero  Arnulfo Montero Pardo  Hugo Horacio Montaldo  Ana Delia Rodríguez  Joel Hernández Cerón 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(8):1691-1696

Pelibuey and Suffolk sheep were compared as to their capacity to regulate body temperature under environmental hyperthermia by measuring their differences in cellular response to heat stress (HS). In a first experiment, seven Pelibuey and seven Suffolk ewes were kept in a climatic chamber for 6 h daily during 10 days (temperatures within the 18 to 39.5 °C range). As chamber temperature rose, sheep rectal temperature increased in both groups, but to a lesser extent in Pelibuey (0.3 °C) than in Suffolk sheep (0.7 °C) (P?<?0.05). In a second experiment, cellular viability was assessed using cultured blood mononuclear cells from 15 Pelibuey and 15 Suffolk sheep. They were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h (control) or 43 °C for 6 h followed by 18 h at 37 °C (HS). In a third experiment, another blood mononuclear cells culture from eight Pelibuey and eight Suffolk sheep was kept at 37 °C for 15 h; these were subsequently cultured for 6 h at 37 °C (controls) or 43 °C (HS). Next, HSP-70 concentration was determined. HS reduced the percentage of viable cells to a greater extent in Suffolk [37 °C (73.7 %) vs. 43 °C (61.9 %); P?<?0.05] than in Pelibuey sheep [37 °C (74.9 %) vs. 43 °C (66.7 %); P?>?0.05]. HS significantly increased HSP-70 average concentrations for both breeds at 43 °C. A significant effect was observed for the breed by temperature interaction (P?<?0.05) caused by a greater difference between Pelibuey and Suffolk at 43 °C (2.85 vs. 0.53 ng/mL, respectively; P?<?0.05) than at 37 °C (0.05 vs. 0.03 ng/mL, respectively; P?>?0.05). In conclusion, Pelibuey sheep show more effective body temperature regulation under conditions of environmental hyperthermia. Also, cell viability after HS was higher in Pelibuey than in Suffolk, an effect that could be mediated by an HSP-70-related mechanism.  相似文献   

Importance of average litter weight and individual birth weight for early postnatal performance and myofiber characteristics of progeny     

C.E. Pardo  S. Müller  J. Bérard  M. Kreuzer  G. Bee 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):330-338

Recent evidence suggests that different patterns of prenatal survival causing different levels of intrauterine crowding are occurring in prolific sows bearing litters with 10–15 piglets born, resulting in marked differences in average litter birth weight. Because early intrauterine crowding of embryos is known to have negative effects on prenatal development, the objective of the study was to compare litter characteristics, as well as histomorphometrical and molecular traits of myofibers of selected offspring born from litters of high (H: >1.7 kg) and low (L: <1.3 kg) average birth weight. The selected newborn littermates were either two females representing the intermediate (H_I: 1.73 kg) and low (H_L: 1.41 kg) birth weight from H-litters or two females representing the intermediate (L_I: 1.26 kg) and high (L_H: 1.55 kg) birth weight from L-litters. These piglets were sacrificed the day of birth and the longissimus (LM) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were collected. The average birth weight of the selected H_I and L_I piglets differed (P<0.05) whereas that of the H_L and L_H piglets was similar. From birth to weaning, H-offspring grew faster (P<0.05), which was associated with greater (P<0.05) body weight loss of H-compared with L-sows during lactation, where their feed intake did not differ. In L_I offspring, brain proportion of birth weight and brain to ST ratio was greater (P<0.05) than in H_I but similar between L_H and H_L progenies. Expressed per mm², the dark portion of the ST of H_I piglets had fewer (P<0.05) primary but similar secondary myofiber numbers compared to L_I progeny. Nevertheless, due to the larger ST, total myofiber number was greater in H_I and L_H than L_I piglets. In the LM, myofiber characteristics were similar across birth weight classes, except for the greater (P<0.10) secondary to primary myofiber ratio in H_L than L_H offspring. In the ST, but not in the LM, the expression of the myoblast differentiation factor 1 was greater (P<0.05) in L_H than H_L offspring. No birth weight class differences occurred in myosin heavy chain isoform distribution in the LM. In conclusion, female progenies falling in the mid-weight range of the L-litters, but not their heavier littermates, carried some negative phenotypic traits normally associated with intrauterine growth restriction, such as greater brain to ST ratio and impaired myofiber hyperplasia.  相似文献   

Response of in vitro obtained oil palm and interspecific OxG hybrids to inoculation with Phytophthora palmivora     

Kelly vila‐Mndez  Rodrigo Avila‐Diazgranados  Alonso Pardo  Mariana Herrera  Greicy Sarria  Hernan Mauricio Romero 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(2)

Bud rot (BR) disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is the most devastating disease in oil palm cultivation in America. Oil palms that survived BR epidemics were found in areas highly devastated by the disease; these palms were introduced into Cenipalma's in vitro micropropagation (cloning programme). A severity scale was developed for in vitro palms from five ortets inoculated with two different P. palmivora isolates. Then, eight ortets of Elaeis guineensis and two ortets of the OxG interspecific hybrid were evaluated in two inoculation trials under chamber growth conditions. The clone performance response was consistent with that reported in the field for the corresponding ortets, and two contrasting ortets, one susceptible (ortet 57) and one resistant (ortet 34) were identified. We monitored and compared defence responses to P. palmivora in the contrasting ortets. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after inoculation with the pathogen was observed, with higher accumulation of H₂O₂ in the resistant plants. Catalase (CAT) activity in resistant plants increased after inoculation with the pathogen from 24 hr post‐infection (hpi) and remained high during the observation time. In the susceptible ortets, there was a significant increase on catalase activity only at 48 hpi. Peroxidase (POS) activity increased in clones from both susceptible and resistant ortets, but the increase was much greater in the susceptible ones. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity increased in response to inoculation, and these increases were greater in clones of the susceptible ortet than in clones of the resistant ortet.  相似文献   

Selenium supplementation and rabies antibody titres in cattle     

Reis LS  Chiacchio SB  Oba E  Pardo PE  Frazatti-Gallina NM 《The Veterinary record》2008,163(11):343-344

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Characterization of single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers in the Mediterranean mussel,Mytilus galloprovincialis     

Manuel Vera  Belén G Pardo  Ania Pino‐Querido  José Antonio Álvarez‐Dios  José Fuentes  Paulino Martínez 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e568-e575

The Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, is one of the most important aquaculture species in Europe. Appropriate molecular markers are required to evaluate genetic resources and to trace genealogies in breeding programmes for improving mussel culture. Microsatellites have been commonly applied to this purpose in other species. However, Mediterranean mussel microsatellites have demonstrated high frequencies of null alleles that hamper accurate estimates of population parameters and confident parentage inferences. As alternative markers, we have characterized in silico 25 potential single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the Mediterranean mussel from expressed sequence tag (EST) public databases. The genotyping of SNPs was performed using a single‐base extension approach. Their polymorphism was evaluated in 47 individuals from an Atlantic population. Out of the 25 potential SNPs tested, 12 were technically feasible (producing a single amplicon) and polymorphic. All were biallelic and had an unbiased heterozygosity ranging from 0.160 to 0.504. One SNP was from a mitochondrial gene. The combined potential of nuclear SNPs for parentage assignment gave an exclusion probability of a false couple of parents of 0.9471. These markers will be useful for evaluating resources and tracing genealogies in genetic breeding programmes implemented to solve the main problems of mussel culture.  相似文献