ACCUMULATION OF SULPHUR IN AND ON SCOTS PINE NEEDLES IN THE SUBARCTIC     

MANNINEN  SIRKKU  HUTTUNEN  SATU  KONTIO  MATTI 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,95(1-4):147-164

Total S concentrations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles studied in the Finnish subarctic (66–70°N, 24–30°E) in 1990/1992 ranged from 573 to 1153 μg g^-1. Levels were found to be ≈ 900 μg g^-1 (i.e. 1.3–1.8 times the ‘normal’ level of 500–700 μg g^-1) in areas where the long-term ambient SO₂ concentration was ≈ 2–5 μg m^-3, particulate SO₄ ^2- ≈ μg m^-3 and total S deposition ≈ 0.5 g m^-2. A statistically significant increase in needle total S concentrations was found towards the east, i.e. towards the smelters of the Kola Peninsula in Russia, which emit SO₂. The increase in needle total S concentrations to over 900 μg g^-1 close to the Russian border is thought to result mainly from exposure to high short-term SO₂ concentrations. The results also suggest that wintertime S deposition may have an impact on the needle total S content. It is suggested that the UNECE long-term critical level of 15 μg SO₂ m^-3 for forestry in boreal and high mountain climates in Europe is too high for the pine forests in the extreme north, where the proportion of dry-deposited S may be 60–80%.  相似文献