Book reviews     

Marilyn Holly  Paul Lasley  Ward Churchill 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(3):73-78

  相似文献   

Novel Alkaloids from Marine Actinobacteria: Discovery and Characterization     

Anne-Sofie De Rop  Jeltien Rombaut  Thomas Willems  Marilyn De Graeve  Lynn Vanhaecke  Paco Hulpiau  Sofie L. De Maeseneire  Maarten L. De Mol  Wim K. Soetaert 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

The marine environment is an excellent resource for natural products with therapeutic potential. Its microbial inhabitants, often associated with other marine organisms, are specialized in the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites. Similar to their terrestrial counterparts, marine Actinobacteria are a prevalent source of these natural products. Here, we discuss 77 newly discovered alkaloids produced by such marine Actinobacteria between 2017 and mid-2021, as well as the strategies employed in their elucidation. While 12 different classes of alkaloids were unraveled, indoles, diketopiperazines, glutarimides, indolizidines, and pyrroles were most dominant. Discoveries were mainly based on experimental approaches where microbial extracts were analyzed in relation to novel compounds. Although such experimental procedures have proven useful in the past, the methodologies need adaptations to limit the chance of compound rediscovery. On the other hand, genome mining provides a different angle for natural product discovery. While the technology is still relatively young compared to experimental screening, significant improvement has been made in recent years. Together with synthetic biology tools, both genome mining and extract screening provide excellent opportunities for continued drug discovery from marine Actinobacteria.  相似文献   

Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of Mycobacterium genavense and Mycobacterium avium complex species in avian samples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tell LA  Leutenegger CM  Larsen RS  Agnew DW  Keener L  Needham ML  Rideout BA 《Avian diseases》2003,47(4):1406-1415

Diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium genavense or species belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), is problematic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers rapid and sensitive detection of minute quantities of DNA, and conventional protocols have been used for evaluating avian specimens. The recent development of real-time PCR offers several advantages over conventional PCR. In attempts to improve diagnosing avian mycobacteriosis, a real-time TaqMan PCR assay was developed targeting the 65-kD heat shock protein gene of M. genavense and MAC spp. Nineteen reference isolates, 16 clinical isolates, and 32 avian tissue samples were used to evaluate the assay. When sufficient amplicons were produced, the species of mycobacteria was determined by standard sequencing of TaqMan PCR products and compared with results from commercial mycobacteriology laboratories and/or standard sequencing of conventional PCR products. The TaqMan PCR detected DNA from reference isolates of M. genavense, MAC spp., and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spp. Of the clinical isolates, the TaqMan PCR detected DNA from 10 of 12 Mycobacterium avium avium isolates and two of three Mycobacterium avium intracellulare isolates. For the tissue samples, the TaqMan PCR amplified DNA in six of nine samples that were identified by sequencing of conventional PCR products and/or by commercial mycobacteriology laboratories as being MAC spp. positive and three of four samples that were positive for M. genavense. There was some disagreement between speciation results from the TaqMan PCR and those from commercial mycobacteriology laboratories or conventional PCR or both. This disagreement was suspected to be because of relatively small numbers of base pairs in the TaqMan PCR products. The TaqMan PCR may provide a useful tool for evaluating clinical samples for DNA from mycobacteria species that most commonly infect birds; however, further refinement is needed in order to improve sensitivity and provide more accurate speciation.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of medial and middle patellar ligaments in exercised horses following injection with ethanolamine oleate and 2% iodine in almond oil     

Van Hoogmoed LM  Agnew DW  Whitcomb M  Hyde DW  MacDonald MH  Snyder JR 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(5):738-743

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic and quantitative histologic effect of injecting 2% iodine in almond oil (IAO) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of horses and to determine whether a difference in response exists between IAO and EO treatment. ANIMALS: 10 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: In 5 horses, the medial and middle patellar ligaments of 1 limb were injected with EO, whereas IAO was injected in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of another 5 horses. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed on the experimental and control limb before injection of IAO and EO and prior to euthanasia to determine cross-sectional area and evaluate fiber pattern. The patellar ligaments were harvested 2 weeks after injection and examined histologically to evaluate the inflammatory response, fibroplasia, and chondroid metaplasia. RESULTS: Injection of the patellar ligaments with IAO resulted in a greater increase in cross-sectional area on ultrasonography than EO. Both agents caused a decrease in echogenicity of the ligament. Histologically, significantly greater infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibroplasia developed after injection with IAO, compared with EO. Both agents resulted in significantly greater fibroplasia relative to control specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injection of the medial and middle patellar ligaments with IAO induces more severe inflammation and fibroplasia than EO. Maturation of the inflammatory and fibrous response may contribute to resolution or attenuation of upward fixation of the patella by subsequent stiffening of the ligaments.  相似文献   

Not classical homeopathy          下载免费PDF全文

Drosdovech M  Neumann S  Evans D  Blake S  Peck LS  Yearout DR  Ulbrich B  Facinelli J  Delgado R  Hoberg L  Harman J  Sthamann M  Lindsay M  Kwong H  Lampru A  Lamb J  Stagmeier K  Doyle JL  Elliot J  Siemon L 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(12):908-909

  相似文献   

Assessing performance of feedlot operations using epidemiology.     

Marilyn J Corbin  Dee Griffin 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2006,22(1):35-51

The progressive feedlot veterinarian must be well versed not only in individual production animal medicine, but also in population-based medicine. Feedlot health programs must be goal oriented, and evaluation of these goals is accomplished through diligent use of record systems and analytic evaluation of these record systems. Basic feedlot monitoring parameters include health and economic parameters in addition to the use of bench marking parameters between and among feed yards. When these parameters have significant changes, steps should be initiated to begin field investigations. Feedlot epidemiology uses several novel applications such as partial budgeting, risk assessment, and packing plant audits to provide scientifically sound and economically feasible solutions for the feeding industry.  相似文献   

Concurrent West Nile virus and mycobacterium avium infection in a black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus).     

Deena Brenner  R Scott Larsen  Raymund F Wack  Dalen Agnew  Denise Imai 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(2):357-362

An adult male black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus) was evaluated for a routine physical examination and West Nile virus vaccination. Nine days later, the swan was hospitalized for weakness, dehydration, tremors, and leukocytosis. Gradual clinical improvement was seen over a 2-wk course of supportive care. However, the animal became acutely weak and was found dead. Histopathology revealed severe granulomatous pneumonia and air sacculitis with dissemination to the liver, spleen, intestine, and coelom. Mycobacterial infection was confirmed by identification of acid-fast bacilli within tissue sections and by polymerase chain reaction. Concurrent West Nile virus infection was identified in sections of brain by using immunohistochemistry.  相似文献   

Considering the when and the where of eating     

Tseng M 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(3):221-222

  相似文献   

A virus in a fungus in a plant: three-way symbiosis required for thermal tolerance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Márquez LM  Redman RS  Rodriguez RJ  Roossinck MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5811):513-515

A mutualistic association between a fungal endophyte and a tropical panic grass allows both organisms to grow at high soil temperatures. We characterized a virus from this fungus that is involved in the mutualistic interaction. Fungal isolates cured of the virus are unable to confer heat tolerance, but heat tolerance is restored after the virus is reintroduced. The virus-infected fungus confers heat tolerance not only to its native monocot host but also to a eudicot host, which suggests that the underlying mechanism involves pathways conserved between these two groups of plants.  相似文献   

Origin and evolution of prebiotic organic matter as inferred from the Tagish Lake meteorite     

Herd CD  Blinova A  Simkus DN  Huang Y  Tarozo R  Alexander CM  Gyngard F  Nittler LR  Cody GD  Fogel ML  Kebukawa Y  Kilcoyne AL  Hilts RW  Slater GF  Glavin DP  Dworkin JP  Callahan MP  Elsila JE  De Gregorio BT  Stroud RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6035):1304-1307

The complex suite of organic materials in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites probably originally formed in the interstellar medium and/or the solar protoplanetary disk, but was subsequently modified in the meteorites' asteroidal parent bodies. The mechanisms of formation and modification are still very poorly understood. We carried out a systematic study of variations in the mineralogy, petrology, and soluble and insoluble organic matter in distinct fragments of the Tagish Lake meteorite. The variations correlate with indicators of parent body aqueous alteration. At least some molecules of prebiotic importance formed during the alteration.  相似文献