Normal and abnormal sexual behavior.     

S M McDonnell 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1992,8(1):71-89

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Ejaculatory failure associated with aortic-iliac thrombosis in two stallions.     

S M McDonnell  C C Love  B B Martin  V B Reef  R M Kenney 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(7):954-957

Two mature breeding stallions were evaluated because of specific ejaculatory dysfunction, and each was found to have aortic-iliac thrombosis occluding 60 to 70% of the aortic lumen. In each case, the stallion had strong libido, normal mounting, and vigorous initial thrusting. With continued exertion, thrusting became weak and dismount was awkward. Treatment aimed at maximizing sexual arousal before mounting and reducing hind limb pain and exertion during breeding allowed these stallions to continue breeding. A program of gradually increasing daily exercise also was associated with improved breeding performance during subsequent breeding seasons. In cases of specific ejaculatory dysfunction, aortic-iliac disease should be included among the differential diagnoses.  相似文献   

Giardia duodenalis trophozoites isolated from a parrot (Cacatua galerita) colonize the small intestinal tracts of domestic kittens and lambs     

McDonnell PA  Scott KG  Teoh DA  Olson ME  Upcroft JA  Upcroft P  Buret AG 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,111(1):31-46

This study examines the ability of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites, isolated from a wild bird, to colonize the intestinal tracts of companion animals (kittens) and domestic ruminants (lambs). Trophozoites colonized the intestinal tracts of intraduodenally inoculated animals as demonstrated by increasing parasite burdens within the duodenum and jejunum and by fecal passage of cysts within 4 days post-inoculation. The pathogenesis of the trophozoites was further investigated in kittens. In these animals, infection significantly reduced jejunal brush border microvillous length and density, which resulted in a loss of overall epithelial brush border surface area. This injury was associated with the production of diarrhea in four of five infected kittens. These findings indicate that some bird species may carry G. duodenalis that represent a possible health threat to companion animals and livestock. Our results describe the first successful colonization of avian-derived G. duodenalis trophozoites in the small intestines of domestic kittens and lambs.  相似文献   

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from dogs and cats after 24 and 48 hours of storage     

Bienzle D  McDonnell JJ  Stanton JB 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,216(11):1761-1764

OBJECTIVE: To compare differential cell counts and cell characteristics of CSF samples analyzed immediately or after storage for 24 and 48 hours at 4 C with and without the addition of autologous serum. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 36 dogs and 6 cats. PROCEDURE: CSF samples were collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern and divided into 250-microliter aliquots. Slides of CSF samples were prepared by use of cytocentrifugation immediately and after 24 and 48 hours of storage with addition of autologous serum (final concentrations, 11 and 29%). Differential cell counts and number of unrecognizable cells were compared among preparations. RESULTS: Significant differences in the differential cell counts were not detected among samples analyzed before or after storage. Although the number of unrecognizable cells increased with storage time, this did not result in a significant effect on cell distribution or diagnosis. Cells in CSF samples stored with 11% serum more closely resembled cells in fresh samples than did cells in samples stored with 29% serum. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CSF samples collected at veterinary clinics remote from a diagnostic laboratory or during nonoperational hours may be preserved through the addition of autologous serum. Evaluation of such samples is likely to result in an accurate diagnosis for at least 48 hours after collection.  相似文献   

Structural and Functional Changes in Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte-Complexes During Preovulatory Maturation     

H Torner  KP Brtissow  W Tomek  H Aim  J Rátky 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):249-253

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Pharmacokinetics of boldenone and stanozolol and the results of quantification of anabolic and androgenic steroids in race horses and nonrace horses     

Soma LR  Uboh CE  Guan F  McDonnell S  Pack J 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(2):101-108

Anabolic steroids (ABS) boldenone (BL; 1.1 mg/kg) and stanozolol (ST; 0.55 mg/kg) were administered i.m. to horses and the plasma samples collected up to 64 days. Anabolic steroids and androgenic steroids (ANS) in plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limit of detection of all analytes was 25 pg/mL. The median absorption (t1/2 partial differential) and elimination (t1/2e) half-lives for BL were 8.5 h and 123.0 h, respectively, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCho) was 274.8 ng.h/mL. The median t1/2e for ST was 82.1 h and the was 700.1 ng.h/mL. Peak mean (X+/-SD) plasma concentrations (Cmax) for BL and ST were 1127.8 and 4118.2 pg/mL, respectively. Quantifiable concentrations of ABS and ANS were found in 61.7% of the 988 plasma samples tested from race tracks. In 17.3% of the plasma samples two or more ABS or ANS were quantifiable. Testosterone (TES) concentrations mean (X+/-SE) in racing and nonracing intact males were 241.3+/-61.3 and 490.4+/-35.1 pg/mL, respectively. TES was not quantified in nonracing geldings and female horses, but was in racing females and geldings. Plasma concentrations of endogenous 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone; NA) from racing and nonracing males were 50.2+/-5.5 and 71.8+/-4.6 pg/mL, respectively.  相似文献   

Assessment of the Extent to Which Intensively-studied Lakes are Representative of the Adirondack Region and Response to Future Changes in Acidic Deposition     

T. J. Sullivan  B. J. Cosby  A. T. Herlihy  C. T. Driscoll  I. J. Fernandez  T. C. McDonnell  C. W. Boylen  S. A. Nierzwicki-Bauer  K. U. Snyder 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,185(1-4):279-291

Many lakes in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, have acidified over the past century due to acidic atmospheric deposition. More recently, most monitored lakes have shown signs of chemical recovery (increase in acid neutralizing capacity) as sulfur deposition levels have declined in response to the Clean Air Act and other emissions control legislation. We used measured and modeled trends in past lakewater acidification and projections of future recovery from acidification to extrapolate results from judgment samples of intensively studied lakes to the population of acid-sensitive Adirondack lakes. Simulations were developed for 70 watersheds using the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) to classify lakes according to their sensitivity to change in atmospheric S and N deposition. MAGIC simulations suggested that the modeled Adirondack Long-Term Monitoring Project (ALTM) and Adirondack Effects Assessment Project (AEAP) lakes were largely among the lakes in the population that had acidified most between 1850 and 1990. Most of the modeled ALTM/AEAP lakes were within the top 36% of acid sensitivity, based on model projections of past acidification and future chemical recovery, compared with the 1,829 Adirondack lakes in EPA’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) statistical frame. Results of this research will allow fuller utilization of data from on-going chemical and biological monitoring and process-level studies by providing a basis for regionalization of findings and developing/refining relationships among watershed characteristics, chemical change, and biological responses to changing levels of acidic deposition.  相似文献   

A light-meter method for assessment of blind areas in operator field of view     

Barron PJ  McDonnell KP  Ward SM  Owende PM 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2005,11(3):373-377

Operator field of view is of primary importance for efficient and safe operation of field machines such as tractors, forest harvesting machines, and earthmoving equipment. This research uses a light source with a series of light sensors, and a contour plot of a derived visibility index, to quantify the masking effect of obstructions on the light source and to map the blind areas due to inherent obstructions in the field of view. The described method provides a quantified two-dimensional assessment of the blind areas in the workspace and could be used for rapid assessment of potential limitations in operator visibility for field machines.  相似文献   

Heavy metal accumulations in forest soils along an urban- rural gradient in Southeastern New York,USA     

Pouyat  R. V.  McDonnell  M. J. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,57(1):797-807

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Heavy metal contents and concentrations of forest floor and mineral soil were determined in nine oak stands situated along an urban-rural gradient. Twelve...  相似文献   

Quantitative exposure assessment for the combustion of meat and bone meal derived from specified risk material in the context of BSE in Ireland     

Cummins EJ  Grace PM  Fry DJ  McDonnell KP  Colgan SF  Ward SM 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2002,8(4):365-383

The probability and severity of an adverse event can be analyzed by quantitative exposure assessment (QEA). This methodology was applied to model the human health risks associated with the combustion of specified risk material (SRM) derived meat and bone meal (MBM) in a combustion facility. The identification of MBM and SRM as significant factors in the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has resulted in restrictions on their use and movement, and this has led to a requirement for alternative end-uses for these products. A stochastic (Latin Hypercube sampling) simulation model was developed to assess the exposure and hence the risks associated with the use of SRM-derived MBM in a combustion facility. The model simulates the potential infectivity pathways that SRM-derived MBM follows, including its production from animals potentially infected with sub-clinical BSE and subsequent processing of the material with segregation and heat treatments. A failure probability was included to take account of sub-optimal operating conditions. Two scenarios, reflecting the infectivity risk in different animal tissues as defined by the European Commission's scientific steering committee (SSC), were performed with 100,000 iterations of the model. Model results showed that the societal exposure to humans resulting from the combustion of SRM-derived MBM is extremely small (mean values ranging from 7.57 x 10(-6) ID50/year to 8.38 x 10(-5) ID50/year). The resulting societal risks are significantly less than the background societal risk of approximately 2.5 cases of sporadic CJD in Ireland each year. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the species barrier had a large impact on exposure calculations and hence should be the focus of further scientific investigation to reduce our uncertainty about this parameter. The model predicts that material spillage into untreated effluent represents the biggest risk to humans, indicating that efforts for risk mitigation should be focused on reducing the potential for spillage.  相似文献