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It is well documented that synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon residues are widespread throughout the world ecosystem. Recently serious contamination of the Kupa River in Slovenia resulting from improper disposal of the waste disharged by an electro-capacitor manufacturing plant was observed. The migration of the PCBs from the waste tip into the karst ground water and source water has been established. PCBs have been also introduced into the small Lahinja River a tributary of the Kupa. Consequently, these pollutants have been detected in the Kupa river. An investigation of the levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons in tap water, water and fish samples collected from 1985 to 1988 from the Kupa River in the region of Petrinja and Sisak was performed. This region is about 200 km downstream of the primary contamined area. Concentrations of chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in tap water ranged from <0.2 to 5.0 ng dm?3 for PCBs such as Aroclor 1254 and from <0.4 to 10.4 ng dm?3 for PCBs such as Pyralene 1500. In the Kupa River, water samples were found with PCBs such as Aroclor 1254 from <1.5 to 5.0 and from <2.6 to 104 ng dm?3 for PCBs such as Pyralene 1500. The level of the investigated chlorinated insecticides were under the sensitivity limits of 0.05 for dieldrin and 0.1 ng dm?3 for DDTs. Concentrations of chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the fish samples were several orders of magnitude higher in comparison with the water samples and ranged from the sensitivity limit for dieldrin (<0.0001) to 0.0034 mg kg?1; p,p'DDT from 0.0003 to 0.0076 mg kg?1; p,p'DDE from 0.0004 to 0.1752 mg kg?1; p,p'DDD from 0.0001 to 0.0201 mg kg?1 wet weight. Concentrations of PCBs were significantly higher and ranged from 0.015 to 2.742 mg kg?1 wet weight for Pyralene 1500 and from 0.090 to 1.590 mg kg?1 for Aroclor 1254 +Aroclor 1260. 相似文献
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In recent years, several species of alien scale insects have arrived and spread rapidly through European and Mediterranean countries. One hundred and twenty‐nine species of alien scale insects have so far been recorded in Europe. This paper presents a list of alien scale insect species for Croatia, comprising 56 species from 8 different families. Four of them are new records for Croatia: Aonidiella taxus Leonardi, 1906, Ichnaspis longirostris (Signoret, 1882), Phoenicococcus marlatii (Cockerell, 1899) and Spilococcus mammillariae (Bouche, 1844). The majority of species recorded belong to the following families: Diaspididae (28 species), Coccidae (12 species), Pseudococcidae (10 species), Eriococcidae (two species). The scale insect families Dactylopidae, Margarodidae, Ortheziidae and Pheniococcidae comprised only one recorded alien species each. During the time frame covered in the review (from the beginning of the 20th century until 2015), the majority of alien scale insect species (23) were registered in the period from 2000 to 2015. Data on the origin of introduced alien scale insects shows that the majority of the species originate from Asia (22 species), followed by North America (6 species), Africa, Australia and Central America (5 species each) and South America (4 species), with 9 species being of unknown origin. 相似文献
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Zorica Nikolić Ksenija Taški-Ajduković Mladen Tatić Svetlana Balešević-Tubić 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):638-641
The Vojvodina province is the most important agricultural area of the Republic of Serbia and is its largest soybean producer. Serbian low forbids the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) into the environment and demands labeling of food containing more than 0.9% GMO. This aim of this study is to monitor the Roundup Ready (RR) soybean in fields and in food products using PCR and immunoassays. A duplex PCR reaction was performed to analyze the lectin gene and 35S promoter using DNA isolated from soybean leaf and seed sample. Specific detection of RR markers was performed using nested PCR and verified by immunoassay. RR soybeans were found in 68 fields in samples from 2003 and 28 fields in 2004. The presence of the RR soybean was confirmed in 44 seed samples out of 7142 samples examined in 2006 and in 108 out of 7171 samples examined in 2007. The data presented here are the first to demonstrate the presence of RR soybean in the Serbia fields. 相似文献
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Rusak Gordana Krajačićl Mladen Krsnik-Rasol Marijana Gutzeit Herwig O. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2007,114(4):145-150
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Quercetin is a prominent flavonoid with a remarkable spectrum of biochemical activities. Its impact on human health, as well as its role in the normal... 相似文献
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Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici continues to be the most economically destructive disease of winter wheat throughout Ireland. Due to the widespread development of fungicide resistance in the Irish Z. tritici population, integrated strategies to control STB are increasingly necessary. A key component of such strategies will be the deployment of winter wheat cultivars with improved levels of STB resistance. Unfortunately, due to the nature of Z. tritici, such resistances are at risk of being overcome by the pathogen. In late summer 2020, foci of STB were observed across a range of winter wheat cultivars under evaluation for recommendation in Ireland. Common amongst these was the cultivar Cougar in each of their pedigree. To determine if the foci observed in 2020 resulted from strains virulent to Cougar, isolate collections were established and virulence screens conducted on Cougar and a range of the cultivars currently under evaluation. These confirmed the presence of Cougar-virulent strains in the Irish Z. tritici population, and that this virulence affects not just Cougar, but also cultivars derived from it. Although the foci observed in 2020 were in both fungicide-untreated and -treated plots, there was no evidence that these strains are more sensitive or resistant to fungicides compared to the wider Irish Z. tritici population, with moderate resistance to the SDHIs and azoles dominating. Combined, the present study confirms the need to ensure a diversity of control measures for STB, including ensuring a range of STB resistances are used. 相似文献
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Drought effects on C,N, and P nutrition and the antioxidative system of beech seedlings depend on geographic origin 
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下载免费PDF全文 Florian Netzer Carolin Thöm Nevenka Celepirovic Mladen Ivankovic Saleh Alfarraj Aikaterini Dounavi Judy Simon Cornelia Herschbach Heinz Rennenberg 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(2):135-150
In future, prolonged summer drought and heat will constitute a major risk for the cultivation of shallow‐rooting beech in Central Europe and will negatively affect the productivity of beech forests. In a pot experiment under controlled conditions, the influence of long‐term (28 d) water deprivation on nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphate (Pi), and ascorbate (ASC) concentrations was examined in leaves and fine roots of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) from six provenances originating from Central Europe (Germany: Neidenstein and Illertissen, intermediate habitats), the Balkan peninsula (Croatia: Zagreb and Gospic, wet habitats), and Southeast Europe (Bulgaria: Kotel, Greece: Paikos; dry habitats). The goal of the study was to identify beech provenances well adapted to water limitation during summer drought events. Our results suggest that N might be involved in the alleviation of water scarcity, whereas Pi might become a limiting factor for forest growth during drought periods. Drought stress resulted in significant changes of ASC pools in leaves and fine roots and the ASC redox state. Under well‐watered and under drought conditions, ASC in leaves was the most important factor causing differences between the provenances examined. Finally, a link between P nutrition and the capacity of antioxidative stress defense by ascorbate could be highlighted. Based on observations from this study, beech seedlings from three origins (Paikos, Zagreb, and Neidenstein) might constitute beech provenances well adapted to water shortage in summer. This conclusion is drawn from the high potential of these provenances to alleviate oxidative stress during water shortage. 相似文献
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Concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured in non-fouling tanks with sea bass and in fouling tanks without fish. The rate of oxygen production and respiration of fouling organisms and the rate of oxygen consumption by sea bass were calculated from the changes of DO. It was possible to approximate diurnal changes of these rates as periodical functions of time. A mathematical model was used to study the effects of fouling, density of fish and water flow on DO during the day (0–24 h). During the sunlight the fouling increases DO in the tank, while during the night it does not affect DO significantly. Water detention time significantly affects the minimum values of DO, and relatively little the maximum ones during the day. 相似文献
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Silvija Cerni Dijana Skoric Jelena Ruscic Mladen Krajacic Tatjana Papic Khaled Djelouah Gustavo Nolasco 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(4):701-706
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) represents one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the East Adriatic region, CTV symptoms are mostly
absent due to traditional citrus grafting on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata), a CTV-tolerant rootstock. Therefore, the virus has been continuously spreading by the propagation of infected material.
The genetic variability of CTV was studied on nineteen citrus samples, collected from orchards in the coastal region of Croatia,
Montenegro and Albania, that previously tested positive by ELISA and immunocapture RT-PCR. Single-strand conformation polymorphism
of the amplified coat protein gene demonstrated the presence of different CTV variants in each amplicon, while sequence analysis
of cloned CP gene variants confirmed their clustering into six out of the seven phylogenetic groups so far delineated. Four
of these groups include sequences of severe quick decline, seedling yellows and stem-pitting (SP) isolates, thought to be
found only rarely in the Mediterranean region. Regardless of the lack of symptoms in the field, CTV isolates from the East
Adriatic displayed high genetic variability and pathogenic potential, additionally confirmed by biological characterisation.
The high percentage of mixed infections suggest the potential for further diversification and a greater risk of severe variants
spreading into new areas. 相似文献