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Tara M Harrison Richard R Dubielzig Timothy R Harrison Modesto McClean 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(4):545-548
A 4-yr-old male guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in a multispecies exhibit presented with a laceration in the axillary region. The laceration was surgically repaired. Medical treatment was initiated with penicillin G procaine and benzathine (1920 IU/kg, i.m., s.i.d. for 14 days), and enrofloxacin (2.4 mg/kg, i.m., s.i.d. for 14 days). The animal was later treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (24 mg/kg, p.o., s.i.d. for 10 days). Twenty-six days after initial presentation, the guanaco was suspected to be blind. An ophthalmic examination confirmed retinal damage. On postmortem histological evaluation, there was outer retinal atrophy that was most severe in the central retina with localized foci of complete retinal atrophy; lesions were similar to those observed in enrofloxacin retinal toxicity in cats. 相似文献
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G. Vichi I. Porcellato L. Mechelli G. Fantauzzo E. Razzuoli P. Modesto S. Mecocci C. Brachelente 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(5):e193-e197
The present report describes a case of cutaneous papillomatosis related to equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) with concomitant cutaneous habronemiasis. A 2-year-old female Pura Raza Española horse was referred for a dermatological evaluation because of the onset of cutaneous multifocal, nodular lesions on the face characterised by a warty and partially ulcerated overlying epidermis. Multiple biopsies were taken from these lesions, and cutaneous viral papillomas with a concomitant severe focal eosinophilic dermatitis with intralesional Habronematidae nematode larvae were diagnosed. Immunohistochemistry revealed papillomaviral capsid protein L1 in the epidermal proliferative lesion, confirming the presence of a productive infection. Rt-qPCR confirmed the presence of EcPV type 2. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of EcPV2-related papillomas with concurrent habronemiasis. 相似文献
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Joseph C. Brown Matthew H. Shirley Amante Yog-yog Merlijn van Weerd Marites G. Balbas Bernard A. Tarun Cameron D. Siler 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2817-2829
- Intermediate metrics of translocation success are useful for long-lived, slow to mature species where survival and reproduction happen over decades.
- With fewer than 150 individuals in the wild, the Critically Endangered Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) is one of the most threatened species on Earth. This study presents the first analysis of diet and body condition of wild Philippine crocodiles and headstarted (i.e. captive-reared) individuals released into the wild over the last decade, and uses these results to show how diet and body condition can be pertinent intermediate metrics of translocation success.
- Analyses of stomach contents revealed 17 different aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate and vertebrate prey species. Interestingly, 70% of Philippine crocodiles showed snails to be the predominent prey type, followed by fish (36.7%), birds (33.3%) and reptiles (33.3%). More than 50% of crocodiles consumed the invasive golden apple snail, a leading agricultural pest. Regardless of crocodile history (wild vs. headstarted) or size class (juvenile vs. adult), no evidence was found for dietary differences in percentage occurrence, percentage composition or prey diversity.
- Body condition was significantly higher in wild compared with headstarted individuals when analysed together in a pooled group, although neither group differed significantly from the standardized expectation, and headstarted individuals were not significantly different when body condition was derived independently for the two groups.
- This study provides a working example of how assessing the convergence of diet and body condition between translocated and wild individuals can provide complementary monitoring parameters to demonstrate post-release establishment of translocated crocodylians. The congruent dietary composition and comparable body condition observed in this study suggest that headstarted crocodiles adapt well following release.
- Crocodylus mindorensis survives in an agricultural landscape and is likely to play an ecologically important role by exploiting invasive species, reinforcing the importance of this species to local communities.
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Cushing A McClean M Stanford M Lohe T Alcantar BE Chirife AD 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):713-717
The use of 0.025 +/- 0.012 mg/kg (median +/- interquartile range) thiafentanil with 0.15 +/- 0.03 mg/kg xylazine (TX) and 0.011 +/- 0.0015 mg/kg carfentanil with 0.25 +/- 0.093 mg/kg xylazine (CX), with dosages based on estimated bodyweight, was used in the anesthesia of 37 Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) housed within a drive-through animal park setting. The median time to lateral recumbency was 5 and 7 min for each group, respectively. With the addition of propofol in 8 CX animals and 17 TX animals, the anesthetic plane was suitable for a wide range of procedures. The median time to standing recovery following administration of naltrexone was 4 +/- 3.5 min with TX and 7 +/- 1.5 min with CX. There was one fatality and one case of renarcotization in the TX group. Overall, the dosages used in the study provided a reliable and useful anesthetic induction protocol, with TX animals demonstrating a more rapid induction and recovery with less cardiac depression than CX animals. 相似文献
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Richard Nyankanga Willy Kiplagat Rama Narla Solomon Shibairo Jackson Kabira Juan Landeo Modesto Olanya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):89-96
Late blight is an important constraint to potato production and genotype resistance is an effective disease control mesure. Ten late blight resistant potato genotypes (R-gene free) were assessed for yield performance and stability at early (90 days) and late harvest (120 days) at two locations in Kenya during two years. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in area under disease progress curves (AUDPC) were detected among potato genotypes. Resistant genotypes free of R-genes had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher yield at late than early harvest, perhaps due to increased tuber bulking period. The rank of genotypes for AUDPC, late blight resistance, and tuber yield varied across seasons and locations (environment). Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of tuber yield and late blight resistance resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects of genotypes (G) and environments (E). The proportion of genotypic variance was larger than the environmental variance and the G × E interactions. For tuber yield, the G, E, and G × E interactions accounted for 42.9, 39.6 and 17.5%; and 53.4, 29.7, and 16.9% at early and late harvests, respectively. For AUDPC, G, E, and G × E accounted for 80.2, 5.0, and 14.8%; as well as 82.3, 4.6, and 13% for early and late harvests, respectively. The resistance of potato genotypes without R-genes varied. Selective deployment of resistant genotypes can improve potato tuber yield. 相似文献
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Mineral soils in southern Florida are very low in organic matter content and most of the nitrogen (N) for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) must be supplied in split fertilizer applications. Information is needed regarding how the interaction of organic amendments and fertilizer N influences sugarcane yields. A field study on a sand soil (Alfisol) was established to determine (1) potential sugarcane yield benefits of a compost/sludge amendment, and (2) the influence of the amendment on N fertilizer requirement. A split-plot Latin square design was used with five N rates (main plots) and presence or absence of compost/sludge broadcast at 113 m3 ha?1 (subplots). Annual N rates were 0, 67, 134, 202, and 269 kg N ha?1. Compost/sludge application increased cumulative t sucrose ha?1 by 36% averaged across N rates. The amendment also lowered annual N requirement by an average of 38%, but maintenance applications of compost/sludge will be required every four years. 相似文献
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Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Venuprasad M.T. Sta Cruz M. Amante R. Magbanua A. Kumar G.N. Atlin 《Field Crops Research》2008,107(3):232-244
Drought is a major production constraint in rainfed rice (Oryza sativa L.). Lack of effective selection criteria is a major limitation hampering progress in breeding for drought tolerance. In an earlier report, we showed in two populations that one cycle of direct selection was effective in increasing grain yield under stress. In the present study, we retested the efficiency of direct selection for grain yield under drought stress in rice using four populations derived from crossing upland-adapted, drought-tolerant varieties (Apo, Vandana) to high-yielding, lowland-adapted, drought-susceptible varieties (IR64, IR72). Each population was subjected to two cycles of divergent selection either under drought stress in upland or under nonstress conditions in lowland conditions. Following selection, approximately 40 high-yielding lines selected under each protocol from each population, along with a set of unselected lines, were evaluated in a series of selection response trials over a range of moisture levels. Significant response to direct selection under stress was realized in 9 out of 15 combinations of populations and stress environments, and in 6 of the 7 severe stress trials. Averaging over all the populations and stress environments, the stress-selected lines had a yield advantage of 25 and 37% over nonstress-selected and random lines, respectively. In contrast to this, under nonstress, the nonstress-selected lines had an average yield advantage of only 7 and 13% over stress-selected and random lines, respectively. Direct selection in managed stress trials during dry seasons gave significant response (25% on average relative to indirect selection in nonstress conditions) under naturally occurring wet season stress. In addition, direct selection under stress in upland gave an average gain of 16 and 45% over nonstress-selected and random lines, respectively, under stress in lowland. The yield advantage of the stress-selected lines appears to result mainly from maintenance of higher harvest index. These results show that direct selection for grain yield under stress is effective and does not reduce yield potential. Overall, this is the first report in rice demonstrating that (a) selection under managed drought stress in the dry season can result in yield gains under natural stress in the wet season, and (b) that selection under upland drought stress can, at least under the conditions of the present study, result in gains under lowland drought conditions. 相似文献
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Comparisons of energy balance and evapotranspiration between flooded and aerobic rice fields in the Philippines 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto Reiner Wassmann Takashi HiranoAkira Miyata Ryusuke HatanoArvind Kumar Agnes PadreModesto Amante 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(9):1417-1430
The seasonal and annual variability of sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), evapotranspiration (ET), crop coefficient (Kc) and crop water productivity (WPET) were investigated under two different rice environments, flooded and aerobic soil conditions, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique during 2008-2009 cropping periods. Since we had only one EC system for monitoring two rice environments, we had to move the system from one location to the other every week. In total, we had to gap-fill an average of 50-60% of the missing weekly data as well as those values rejected by the quality control tests in each rice field in all four cropping seasons. Although the EC method provides a direct measurement of LE, which is the energy used for ET, we needed to correct the values of H and LE to close the energy balance using the Bowen ratio closure method before we used LE to estimate ET. On average, the energy balance closure before correction was 0.72 ± 0.06 and it increased to 0.99 ± 0.01 after correction. The G in both flooded and aerobic fields was very low. Likewise, the energy involved in miscellaneous processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and heat storage in the rice canopy was not taken into consideration.Average for four cropping seasons, flooded rice fields had 19% more LE than aerobic fields whereas aerobic rice fields had 45% more H than flooded fields. This resulted in a lower Bowen ratio in flooded fields (0.14 ± 0.03) than in aerobic fields (0.24 ± 0.01). For our study sites, evapotranspiration was primarily controlled by net radiation. The aerobic rice fields had lower growing season ET rates (3.81 ± 0.21 mm d−1) than the flooded rice fields (4.29 ± 0.23 mm d−1), most probably due to the absence of ponded water and lower leaf area index of aerobic rice. Likewise, the crop coefficient, Kc, of aerobic rice was significantly lower than that of flooded rice. For aerobic rice, Kc values were 0.95 ± 0.01 for the vegetative stage, 1.00 ± 0.01 for the reproductive stage, 0.97 ± 0.04 for the ripening stage and 0.88 ± 0.03 for the fallow period, whereas, for flooded rice, Kc values were 1.04 ± 0.04 for the vegetative stage, 1.11 ± 0.05 for the reproductive stage, 1.04 ± 0.05 for the ripening stage and 0.93 ± 0.06 for the fallow period. The average annual ET was 1301 mm for aerobic rice and 1440 mm for flooded rice. This corresponds to about 11% lower total evapotranspiration in aerobic fields than in flooded fields. However, the crop water productivity (WPET) of aerobic rice (0.42 ± 0.03 g grain kg−1 water) was significantly lower than that of flooded rice (1.26 ± 0.26 g grain kg−1 water) because the grain yields of aerobic rice were very low since they were subjected to water stress.The results of this investigation showed significant differences in energy balance and evapotranspiration between flooded and aerobic rice ecosystems. Aerobic rice is one of the promising water-saving technologies being developed to lower the water requirements of the rice crop to address the issues of water scarcity. This information should be taken into consideration in evaluating alternative water-saving technologies for environmentally sustainable rice production systems. 相似文献