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1.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The present investigation was aimed to study the performance of F1 progenies of crosses between Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica rapa L. considering...  相似文献   
2.
Microsporidia in dogs and cats is primarily caused by the obligate, intracellular parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi, which is a member of the phylum Microsporidia. The aim of the current study is the detection of this parasite in stool samples of small animals of Iran, by polymerase chain reaction. Microsporidia spp. was found in 31% (31/100) of dogs (E. cuniculi (18/100), Encephalitozoon bieneusi (8/100) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (5/100)), and 7.5% (3/40) of the specimens obtained from cats were infected with E. bieneusi. Sequencing of PCR products confirmed these results. In conclusion, Microsporidia infection seems to be fairly common in pet animals of Iran, especially in dogs. This finding could indicate the importance of pet animals as zoonotic reservoirs of microsporidial human infections.  相似文献   
3.
The potential of informal institutions for sustainable management of marine fisheries was examined. The study is based on both primary data collected through two group discussions and interviews and secondary information, including material related to fishing gear operation and whale worship. It shows that informal institutions, including fisher groups, fishing community norms, fisher's knowledge and whale worship have potential to strengthen institutional, ecological, social and community aspects of sustainable fisheries development. Although these informal institutions are not able to fix completely all the problems faced by formal institutions, they are able to complement and consolidate formal institutions to manage marine fisheries effectively. The findings of this study suggest it is imperative that formal institutions should be improved simultaneously with informal institutions to enhance current management for sustainable marine fisheries development.  相似文献   
4.
To investigate the effect of T3-induced pulmonary hypertension on endothelin (ET) production and genes expression of ET-1, ETA and ETB receptors (ETAR and ETBR) during rearing, semiquantitative RT-PCR and enzyme immunometric assay were performed in the heart ventricles and serum, respectively. The ET-1 and its receptor genes were expressed in the right and left ventricles of control and T3-treated broilers at 12, 28 and 49 days of age. There were significant (P < 0.05) reductions of the relative amounts of ET-1 (in both ventricles) and ETAR (in the right ventricle) mRNAs at 28 and 49 days of age, in T3-treated broilers compared to controls. The relative amounts of ETBR mRNA in the right and left ventricles did not significantly differ between control and T3-treated broilers at any age. The serum level of ET was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in T3-treated chickens at 28 and 49 days of age when compared with that of the control. It is concluded that ET-1, ETAR and ETBR genes are normally expressed in the heart ventricles of broilers. It is likely that increased serum level of ET and decreased ET-1/ETAR genes expression in the ventricles are involved in the heart dysfunction of broiler chickens with developmental pulmonary hypertension.  相似文献   
5.
Maedi-visna (MV) is an important slow viral disease of sheep leading to a progressive lymphoproliferative disease. It affects multiple organs primarily the lungs, where it causes interstitial pneumonia (maedi). In this study, the lungs of 1,000 sheep carcasses were grossly inspected and those suspected to have maedi were studied at histopathological and molecular levels. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that amplified a 291-base pair DNA in the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence of MV provirus was conducted on all the 50 suspected lungs together with 10 normal appearing lungs as controls. Amplicons of the expected size were detected in 11 (n = 11/50) suspected sheep, and one of the 10 control sheep. Histopathologic study of the pulmonary lesions of all 11 (n = 11/11) positive sheep showed MV lesions, including hyperplasia of the perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid cells, interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and smooth muscle hyperplasia and the histopathologic findings were correlated with PCR results. In contrast, the tissue sections of control animals were almost normal at histopathological level; however, PCR technique demonstrated that one of them was affected by maedi. This study showed that the LTR-PCR had high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis of this viral infection. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of MV virus infection in sheep in Iran.  相似文献   
6.
To compare Endothelin (ET) production and genes expression of ET-1 and ETA receptor (ETAR) between broiler and layer chickens during rearing, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme immunometric assay were performed in the heart ventricles and serum. There were gradual elevations of ET-1 and ETAR mRNAs in the left ventricle of broiler and layer chicken groups that were mainly significant (P < 0.05) at 28, 35 and 42 days of age with compared to previous days whereas were not significant between two groups.These gradual elevations of ET-1 and ETAR mRNAs were also observed in the right ventricle that were significant (P < 0.05) at 28, 35 and 42 days of age in broilers and 42 days of age in layers with compared to previous days. Increasing of these mRNAs in the right ventricle of broiler chickens were significantly (P < 0.05) more than layer chickens at 28, 35 and 42 days. Serum ET in broilers was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than layer chickens at 28 and 42 days of age. It is concluded that circulating ET and cardiac ET-1, ETAR genes expression is higher in broiler chickens than in layer chickens particularly after 21 days of age. It is probably that these breed differences make broiler chickens to be more susceptible to Endothelin related-cardiomyopathies such as congestive heart failure and ascites.  相似文献   
7.
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that affects humans and many species of animals. Leptospiral organisms have long been presumed to be associated with the presence of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). The connection between ERU and leptospirosis can be established using various techniques. In the current study, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to help establish a diagnosis of ERU caused by Leptospira infection and compared the results with those of enzyme-linked immune assay (ELISA). A total of 31 and 30 serum samples were taken from horses with ERU (based on clinical diagnosis) and horses that were healthy, respectively, between June 2007 and December 2008. The results showed that from 31 affected horses, a total of seven and five samples were positive for leptospiral infection using PCR and ELISA, respectively, whereas there was no evidence of infection with Leptospira spp. in 30 serum samples of healthy horses. All of the positive samples in ELISA were also positive by PCR, whereas PCR detected two positive cases that were negative by ELISA. Although there was no significant difference between these two methods, it is apparent that PCR may be a more reliable tool for detecting the presence of leptospires in ERU.  相似文献   
8.
Land evaluation is the act of predicting the use potential of land on the basis of its attributes. The objective of this study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative land suitability for the north-west of Iran on the basis of a FAO model for sunflower and maize crops. Growing cycle was determined using the CDBm (Monthly Climate Database) model and soils were classified in two orders of Mollisols and Vertisols, which consisted of seven soil families based on soil data and Keys to Soil Taxonomy 2010. Qualitative evaluation was carried out using the square root of parametric (SRP) method and quantitative evaluation was performed on the basis of observed yields under an average management level. The results showed that in the surveyed area, the climatic class had moderate suitability (S2) for maize and sunflower due to limitations imposed by the relative humidity of the growing cycle. The most important land limitation factors were soil parameters like pH, CaCO3 content, texture and coarse fragments, as well as topography and drainage in the area of study. Based on qualitative evaluation with SRP, 24.69 and 17.71% of land had non-suitable class (N1) for maize and sunflower, respectively. Quantitative land suitability for maize and sunflower showed that 24.69 and 9.81% of land had non-suitable class (N1), respectively.  相似文献   
9.
Knowledge of the amount of nutrients in soil is required to achieve sustainable management. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of soil‐available and single‐point buffering index of phosphorus (P) in the farmlands of the Khoy region, Iran. Composite soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected at 114 locations on regular grid of 1000 m. Some soil physico‐chemical characteristics such as soil texture, soil organic matter (OM) content, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), available P (Pava) and single‐point P sorption index (PSI) were measured. Results showed that all variables in this study have spatial distribution in the effective range of 1500–4800 m. Moreover, experimental semivariograms of all studied variables were best‐fit by spherical and exponential models. Most importantly, kriged maps revealed that a major part of the study area contains high Pava, which is seemingly due to the frequent application of phosphate fertilizers along with poultry manure. Some soils in the western part showed low PSI index; they therefore need more P fertilizer application. In addition, due to the lower PSI value in the eastern half of the study region, applying less fertilizer at more frequent intervals seems to be more beneficial than larger single applications. Eventually, to reduce environmental risks and prevent the loss of natural resources, the method of applying P fertilizer needs to be mainly based on the created PSI distribution map.  相似文献   
10.
Aerolysin (aer) is one of the most important and abundant virulence factors in the infection of fish by Aeromonas veronii. A comprehensive study on the molecular characterization and pathogenicity of the aer gene from 34 A. veronii isolates from diseased carp and catfish was carried out and its interactome was analysed to observe the functional correlations between aer and other proteins within the A. veronii network. The PCR‐based amplification of aer from the 34 isolates of A. veronii showed more aer‐positive isolates from catfish with a high pathogenic potential in the in vivo challenge test than the carp fish. The analysis of aer gene sequence from challenged fish revealed significant sequence divergence according to the types and geographical distribution of the fish. The networking analysis of aer from the model A. veronii B565 revealed histidine kinase (cheA) as the most functional interacting partner. The study of the interaction between aer from the experimental A. veronii and cheA demonstrated that the A chain of cheA plays a more important role than the corresponding B chain during contact, and a linker sequence of 15 residues controlled the entire interaction process. Therefore, cheA could be an excellent drug target for controlling A. veronii infection of fish.  相似文献   
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