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N. Karimian 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2261-2271
Different factors affect zinc (Zn) nutrition of plants, among which pH and phosphorus (P) have been studied widely but nitrogen (N) has not received much attention. The present experiment was designed to study the effect of N and P on growth and Zn nutrition of corn (Zea mays L.) in a highly calcareous soil of Iran. The experiment was a 3x3x2 factorial in randomized complete blocks with three replications which was conducted in greenhouse for eight weeks. Treatments consisted of three levels of N (0,75, and 150 mg/kg), three levels of P (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and two levels of Zn (0 and 20 mg/kg). Application of N increased dry matter (DM), N concentration and uptake, Zn concentration and uptake, and N: P and N: Zn ratios of plant tops; but it decreased P concentration and uptake and P: Zn ratio. Application of P increased DM, P concentration and uptake, N uptake, and P: Zn and N: Zn ratios; but it decreased N and Zn concentrations and N: P ratio. Dry matter and Zn concentration and uptake increased but P: Zn and N: Zn ratios decreased following the application of Zn. Multiple regression equations obtained showed the influence of N application on increasing Zn concentration and uptake and lowering the P: Zn ratio of plant tops. It was concluded that N application improves Zn nutrition of corn in highly calcareous soils by increasing plant Zn concentration and uptake and decreasing P concentration. This lowers the P: Zn ratio of plant tops to a more optimum range for plant growth. 相似文献
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Sedigheh Safarzadeh Abdolmajid Ronaghi Najafali Karimian 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):231-245
Heavy metal uptake, translocation and partitioning differ greatly among plant cultivars and plant parts. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) levels (0, 45 and 90 mg kg?1 soil) on dry matter yield, and concentration, uptake and translocation of Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in seven rice cultivars. Application of 45 mg Cd kg?1 soil decreased root and shoot dry weight. On average, shoot and root Cd concentrations and uptake increased in all cultivars, but micronutrients uptake decreased following the application of 45 mg Cd kg?1. No significant differences were observed between 45 and 90 mg kg?1 Cd levels. On average, Cd treatments resulted in a decrease in Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoots and Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots. Differences were observed in Cd and micronutrient concentrations and uptake among rice cultivars. Translocation factor, defined as the shoot/root concentration ratio indicated that Cu and Fe contents in roots were higher than in shoots. The Mn concentration was much higher in shoots. Zinc concentrations were almost similar in the two organs of rice at 0 and 45 mg Cd kg?1. A higher Cd level, however, led to a decrease in the Zn concentration in shoots. 相似文献
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S. M. Hosseini M. Maftoun N. Karimian A. Ronaghi Y. Emam 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):773-781
ABSTRACT A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on a calcareous soil (fine, mixed, mesic, Fluventic Haploxerepts) to study the interaction of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on the growth and nutrient concentration of corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of seven levels of B (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg? 1as boric acid), two sources of Zn [zinc sulfate (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) and zinc oxide (ZnO)], and three levels of Zn (0, 5, and 10 mg kg? 1) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Plants were grown for 70 d in 1.6 L plastic containers. Applied Zn significantly increased plant height and dry matter yield (DMY) of corn. Source of Zn did not significantly affect growth or nutrient concentration. High levels of B decreased plant height and DMY. There was a significant B × Zn interaction on plant growth and tissue nutrient concentration which were rate dependent. In general, the effect of B × Zn interaction was antagonistic on nutrient concentration and synergistic on growth. It is recommended that the plants be supplied with adequate Zn when corn is grown in high B soils, especially when availability of Zn is low. 相似文献
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Sara Yavari Saeid Eshghi Enayatollah Tafazoli Najafali Karimian 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1498-1512
Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to compare the effect of four organic substrates [S1: Persian turpentine trees leaf mold (50%) + Soil (50%); S2: Oak leaf mold (50%) + Soil (50%); S3: Cypress leaf mold (50%) + Soil (50%) and S4: liquorice processing wastes (50%) + Soil (50%)] application on strawberry growth, yield, and nutrient concentration, and on some soil properties. Results showed that leaves mold and liquorice wastes application decreased pH, increased soil organic matter, and increased soil concentrations in all mineral elements studied, except for potassium (K). The amount of mineral elements in substrates had also a great influence on the leaf nutrient concentrations. High levels of nitrogen (N), K, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were obtained in leaves; while phosphorus (P) concentration was lower than sufficient levels. Although, strawberry fresh and dry weights and leaf chlorophyll content were significantly higher in plants grown in S4 with no added fertilizer, the highest fruit yield was obtained in combination substrates with 50% fertilizer. Our results indicate that use of leaf mold and liquorice wastes in soil mixtures can reduce the amount of fertilizer required for optimum strawberry plant growth and yield. 相似文献
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Neda Dalir Najafali Karimian Jafar Yasrebi Abdolmajid Ronaghi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):559-571
The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of applied phosphorus (P) and cadmium (Cd) on Cd chemical forms determined by sequential extraction and the relationship between these forms and plant responses, i.e., dry weights, concentration, and total uptake of Cd and P in a greenhouse experiment. Treatments consisted of five levels of Cd (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg?1 soil as cadmium sulfate) and four levels of P (0, 15, 30 and 60 mg kg?1 soil as monocalcium phosphate), which were added to the soil and left to equilibrate for 1 month under greenhouse conditions. Spinach seeds (Spinacea oleracea L., cv Viroflay) were sown and then grown for 8 weeks. The chemical composition in the aerial part of the pant and soil was determined. Application of Cd decreased plant dry matter and increased Cd concentration in the plant, whereas at each level of applied Cd, P increased plant dry matter and decreased plant Cd concentration. All chemical forms of Cd in soil, as determined by a fractionation method, were increased following Cd application, the highest being the carbonatic form. Phosphorous application decreased exchangeable and carbonatic forms of Cd, whereas it increased other forms. 相似文献
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Sonia Mayel Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei Najafali Karimian Abdolmajid Ronaghi Mehdi Zarei Mahboube Jarrah 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):265-274
A laboratory study was performed to investigate the influence of soil texture (sandy loam vs. clay loam), Pb supply (as Pb(NO3)2 without or with compost) and Pb levels on the extraction of available Pb by diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and its desorption patterns at ten shaking periods. The soils were polluted with five Pb levels without or with compost and incubated for 1 month. Kinetic models commonly used to study the release of the nutrients were used in this study. Results showed that Power function model described the pattern of Pb desorption better than other models. The amount of extracted Pb increased as the Pb levels increased and was found to be higher in sandy loam soil treated with Pb without compost than that of clay loam soil treated with Pb with compost. The a value (Pb desorption constant) was the highest in sandy loam soil amended with Pb without compost. The lowest value of a, however, was observed in clay loam soil amended with Pb with compost. The ab coefficient (initial desorption rate of Pb) was higher in sandy loam than clay loam soil, demonstrating higher initial release rates of Pb in the coarser-textured soil. Addition of Pb without compost resulted in a higher increase in ab value in comparison with Pb with compost, in both the soils. 相似文献
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Although a positive response to iron (Fe) is, usually, expected in calcareous soils; this has not been always the case; and in some instances a depressing effect has been observed. An induced micronutrient imbalance is suspected. This experiment was designed to study the effect of Fe fertilizer on the plant micronutrients. Twenty three highly calcareous soils (18–46% calcium carbonate equivalent; pH 7.7–8.4; and a wide range of extractable Fe) from southern Iran were used in an eight‐week greenhouse experiment to study the effect of Fe fertilizers on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and chemical composition. The statistical design was a 23 × 3 factorial arranged in a completely randomized block with three replications. Treatments consisted of 23 soils and three levels of applied Fe (0, 10, and 20 mg Fe/kg as FeEDDHA). Uniform doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were applied to all pots. Dry matter (DM) and micronutrients concentrations and uptakes of plant tops were determined and used as the plant responses. Application of Fe either had no significant effect on DM or even decreased it. The plant concentration and uptake of Fe increased significantly in all soils. The concentrations and uptakes of Cu and Zn did not change but those of Mn decreased significantly. The negative effect of Fe application was, therefore, attributed to the interference of Fe with Mn nutrition. The mechanism involved appears to be the restriction in Mn translocation from soil to root and/or from root to the plant tops. 相似文献
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Mahboub Saffari Najafali Karimian Abdolmajid Ronaghi Jafar Yasrebi Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(3):317-337
The effect of different kinds of amendments including coal fly ash (CFA), municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), rice husk biochars prepared at 300°C (B300) and 600°C (B600), zero valent iron (Fe°) and zero valent manganese (Mn°) were evaluated to determine their ability to stabilize lead (Pb) in Pb-spiked soil. The Pb-spiked soils were separately incubated with amendments at the rates of 2 and 5% (W/W) for 45 and 90 days at 25°C. The efficacy of amendments treatment was evaluated by desorption kinetic experiment and sequential extraction producer. According to the results, with increasing time, considerable changes in distribution of chemical forms of Pb occurred and carbonate-bound fraction significantly decreased, while amorphous Fe-bound fraction significantly increased. The applied treatments efficiently decreased the mobility factor of Pb compared to control treatment. Application of Mn°, Fe°, CFA, MSWC, and B600 in soils significantly decreased Pb desorption rate with respect to control treatment. Biphasic pattern of Pb desorption kinetic was fitted well by the model of two ?rst-order reactions. In general, present study showed that from the practical point of view, all applied amendments (except for B300) were effective in Pb immobilization; however, application of Mn° at 5% (W/W) rate was the best treatment to immobilize Pb, so it can be recommended for the immobilization of Pb in calcareous polluted soil. 相似文献
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Eurasian Soil Science - The major goal of this research was to assess the ability of visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate regressions based on four modeling... 相似文献