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1.
Akira Fukushima Hisatoshi Ohta Narifumi Yokogami Naoto Tsuda Akiko Yoshida Junko Kyozuka 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):485-489
The genes TAWAWA1 (TAW1) and ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1) increase the number of spikelets per panicle (SN). In the present study, we examined the effects of these genes on morphological traits, yield, and yield-related traits including yield components using the near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the genetic background of a japonica rice variety, Koshihikari – NIL-taw1, NIL-apo1-D3, and NIL-apo1-D4 – in a field experiment. The SN and total number of spikelets per area of the three NILs were larger than those of Koshihikari. However, the yield of the three NILs did not exceed that of Koshihikari due to their low filling ability. Interestingly, our field experiments indicated that TAW1 did not affect the diameter of internodes and the PN, whereas APO1 decreased the PN and increased the diameter of internodes. These results suggest that TAW1 and APO1 differently affect yield-related traits. 相似文献
2.
3.
Isothermal amplification of rabies virus gene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
4.
Production of patchouli mild mosaic virus resistant patchouli plants by genetic engineering of coat protein precursor gene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth), an aromatic crop which yields an essential oil, is widely cultivated in South-east Asia. Patchouli mild mosaic virus (PaMMV) infects patchouli plants and causes decrease in leaf biomass and essential oil yield. Transgenic patchouli plants with PaMMV coat protein precursor (CP-P) gene have been produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PaMMV CP-P gene integration into the patchouli genome was confirmed by the PCR method and by Southern blot analysis. The transformants were estimated to contain one to three copy genes using Southern blot analysis. The transformant with three copy genes was tested for the resistance to PaMMV by artificially inoculating plants grown in an environmentally controlled cabinet, and this transformant was found to be highly resistant to PaMMV. The transgenic patchouli plant with PaMMV CP-P gene should provide valuable material for protecting against PaMMV. 相似文献
5.
The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers. Four crossbred beef steers walked on a treadmill during a 6 week exercise period (1.2 km/h, 1 h/day and 5 days/week). The changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose infusion were analyzed immediately prior to (bodyweight: 260.4 ± 24.2 kg) and after (295.7 ± 30.1 kg) the exercise period. The basal levels of plasma glucose (86.4 vs. 82.0 mg/dL, P = 0.040) and insulin (24.5 vs. 14.3 μU/mL, P = 0.016) were significantly lower after the exercise period. Further, the increase in the levels of plasma glucose (420.4 vs. 280.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and insulin (94.5 vs. 73.1 μU/mL, P = 0.028) following the glucose infusion decreased after the exercise period. The area under the curve of plasma glucose (108.8 vs. 62.9 mg/dL per min, P < 0.001) and insulin (53.6 vs. 29.7 μU/mL per min, P = 0.018) indicated more rapid clearance of exogenous glucose and less insulin secretion for glucose clearance after the exercise period. These results suggest that regular exercise improves glucose tolerance, with lower insulin response to glucose infusion in growing steers, as observed in rodents and humans. 相似文献
6.
Naoto Yamaoka Takayuki Ohta Naoko Danno Satoshi Taniguchi Isao Matsumoto Masamichi Nishiguchi 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,71(4-6):184-191
When the conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) are inoculated on barley coleoptile cells they produce short germ tubes called primary germ tubes (PGTs) about 2 h after inoculation. We evaluated the positive role of a PGT in inducing accessibility of the host cell under the germ tube. When an appressorium (APP) penetrated the same cell on which a PGT was present, the ratio of haustorium formation (penetration efficiency) was significantly higher than when an APP penetrated the cell adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present. When an APP penetrated the cell laterally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present we killed the cell under the PGT by puncturing it with a microneedle and then investigated the penetration efficiency of the cell adjacent to the dead cell. As a control we killed the cell longitudinally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present and investigated the penetration efficiency of the laterally adjacent cell. The results showed that the penetration efficiency of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. This suggests that some accessibility factor might transfer from a cell on which a PGT is present to a laterally adjacent cell. The existence of a conidium body but not a PGT was not effective for induced accessibility of the host cell. Moreover, when a Bgh germling was removed 6 h after inoculation and another germling was transferred to the same cell, the penetration efficiency was significantly higher than that of control. As a control, a Bgh germling was transferred to a cell on which no germling was present. These results suggest that the existence of PGT is effective for induced accessibility of a host cell when penetrated by Bgh. However, it is unclear whether or not a PGT secretes some substance(s) which suppresses the resistance induction of a host cell. 相似文献
7.
Yoshiki Matsushita Shusuke Machida Haruyuki Kanehiro Fumio Nakamura Naoto Honda 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):230-235
ABSTRACT: A small number of fishers in Chiba Prefecture of eastern Japan use cotton gill nets to catch Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus. To examine the advantages of cotton gill nets, we analyzed changes in mesh breaking load of a new cotton gill net used in a fishing operation. A new cotton gill net was also soaked in a seawater tank to simulate ghost fishing conditions. The average mesh breaking load of new cotton mesh was 50.3 N. This value decreased to 19.0 N after 38 days (∼912 h), and after 82 days (∼1968 h) the mesh could be easily torn (breaking load 0.07 N). Under fishing conditions, the cumulative soak time was only 744.4 h over 19 months. The average breaking load at the end of this period was 43.1 N, a strength 86% that of the presoaked mesh. The mesh breaking load of a cotton gill net continuously soaked for 744.4 h was 26.1 N, as estimated from tank experiment data. Thus, a cotton gill net maintains reasonable strength under typical use conditions, but will degrade if lost at sea. 相似文献
8.
Chikaya Sakai Atok Subiakto Hani Sitti Nuroniah Naoto Kamata Koji Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(2):73-80
We developed a vegetative propagation system for mass-producing three dipterocarps species,Shorea selanica Bl.,Shorea leprosula Mig., andShorea platyclados Sloot. This system uses fog evaporative cooling inside a greenhouse to reduce the leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (leaf-to-air
VPD) inside the propagator, even under high irradiance conditions. This cooling method has no negative influence on medium
conditions such as overwetting. A plastic tent propagator combined with this cooling method was used for vegetative propagation
experiments. In mass-production experiments, the annual rooting percentages from the cuttings were low in the first 2 years
(1997–1998) due to operational problems of the tent propagator (S. selanica, 48–51%;S. leprosula, 56–59%;S. platyclados: 50–63%). A hard cover propagator improved the rooting percentages in the mass-production experiments in 1999 because it
made operations easier (S. selanica, 70%;S. leprosula, 77%;S. platyclados, 77%). This system, which uses a combination of fog evaporative cooling and a hard plastic propagator, should be useful for
the mass propagation of these dipterocarp planting stocks.
This study was carried out under a joint project of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia and Komatsu Ltd. The project was supported
by Research Association for Reforestation of Tropical Forest (RETROF) organized by Japanese Forestry Agency. 相似文献
9.
Shigeki Yoshida Atsushi Kuno Naoto Saito Masakazu Aoyama Isao Kusakabe 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(6):457-462
Xylan prepared from culms of kumaizasa (Sasa senanensis Rehd.), a representative species of bamboo grass, was hydrolyzed with-xylanase ofStreptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86. Four arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and two glucuronoxylo-oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolysate of the xylan by chromatography on a charcoal column, a Dowex 1-x8 column, a Toyo-pearl HW-40S column, and a LiChrospher 100 NH2 column and on preparative paper chromatography. The results of the structural analyses of the saccharides showed that the isolated oligosaccharides had the structures of 32--l-arabinofuranosyl-xylobiose, 32--l-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose, 32--[-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 2)-l-arabinofuranosyl]-xylobiose, 33--[-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 2)-l-arabinofuranosyl]-xylotriose, 23--4-O-methyl-d-glucuronosyl-xylotriose, and 23--d-glucuronosyl-xylotriose. From the structural analysis of the oligosaccharides derived from the xylan, kumaizasa xylan was concluded to be a kind of arabinoglucuronoxylan having not only stubs of singlel-arabinose and singled-glucuronic acid but also stubs of disaccharide units such as-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 2)-l-arabinofuranose. 相似文献
10.