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排序方式: 共有78条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Wyse CA McLellan J Dickie AM Sutton DG Preston T Yam PS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):609-621
Gastric emptying is the process by which food is delivered to the small intestine at a rate and in a form that optimizes intestinal absorption of nutrients. The rate of gastric emptying is subject to alteration by physiological, pharmacological, and pathological conditions. Gastric emptying of solids is of greater clinical significance because disordered gastric emptying rarely is detectable in the liquid phase. Imaging techniques have the disadvantage of requiring restraint of the animal and access to expensive equipment. Radiographic methods require administration of test meals that are not similar to food. Scintigraphy is the gold standard method for assessment of gastric emptying but requires administration of a radioisotope. Magnetic resonance imaging has not yet been applied for assessment of gastric emptying in small animals. Ultrasonography is a potentially useful, but subjective, method for assessment of gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric tracer methods require insertion of gastric or intestinal cannulae and are rarely applied outside of the research laboratory. The paracetamol absorption test has been applied for assessment of liquid phase gastric emptying in the dog, but requires IV cannulation. The gastric emptying breath test is a noninvasive method for assessment of gastric emptying that has been applied in dogs and cats. This method can be carried out away from the veterinary hospital, but the effects of physiological and pathological abnormalities on the test are not known. Advances in technology will facilitate the development of reliable methods for assessment of gastric emptying in small animals. 相似文献
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In this investigation, the capacity of peat to treat two different landfill leachates was determined. Freundlich isotherms showed that, for the tested metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb), an increased time of contact increased the level of adsorption over the entire range of influent values studied. In addition, metal interaction may play an important role in the adsorption of metals from leachate, as the various metal ions compete for the available adsorption sites on the peat. Column studies using two leachates, one from a municipal refuse fill (Al, Ca, Cd, Fe, Mg, Na, and Pb), and one from a fill which receives mainly oil and fly ash (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, and V), were conducted to establish design parameters for full-scale design. The efficiency of treatment was evaluated as a function of factors important for developing filter design criteria. Further considerations were given to filter longevity and ease of replacement, as well as for the ultimate disposal of the peat from the filters. For the municipal leachate a compaction density of 0.12 g mL?1 gave the best results as clogging occurred at higher densities, whereas 0.18 g mL?1 provided the best removal for the industrial leachate. While peat is incapable of adequately removing metals to acceptable levels for direct discharge, peat can provide substantial removal as a pretreatment process at low hydraulic loadings. Desorption of up to 50% was found when deionized water was applied to spent columns so ultimate disposal of the peat would require a dry environment. 相似文献
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Arruda NJ Filho JL Montenegro MC Araújo AN Silva VL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(24):6945-6948
This work refers to a very easy to implementate flow injection system with potentiometric detection for l-glutamate determination in food samples. The proposed procedure is based on measurement of carbon dioxide produced by decarboxylation of l-glutamate catalyzed by l-glutamate decarboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.1.5) from Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin). The FI potentiometric system includes an enzymatic reactor with a length of 8 cm and thickness of 5 mm packed with 200 mg of a C. maxima outer layer cut in to small pieces. The proposed procedure allowed l-glutamate determinations in the concentration interval of 10-100 mmol L(-1) for an injected sample volume of 50 microL. A phosphate buffer (0.1 mol L(-1), pH 5.5) solution flowing at 1.4 mL min(-1) was used as the carrier solution in the system. The results obtained in the analysis of food samples revealed a relative error lower than 5% when compared with those provided by the spectrophometric reference procedure. The immobilized reactor retained its initial activity for 21 days. It was possible to measure 40 samples/h with the flow system proposed. 相似文献
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Yam PS McLellan J Wyse C Reid SW Cooper J Preston T 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(8):386-389
The 13C-octanoic acid breath test (OABT) may be a useful non-invasive method for assessing the rate of gastric emptying in dogs. The aim of this study was to determine whether an association exists between body size and rate of gastric emptying in dogs. Fifty-five dogs ranging from 6 to 39 kg were recruited and rate of gastric emptying was assessed using the OABT. The time to peak 13CO2 excretion (tmax) and half-dose recovery time (t1/2) were calculated. The OABT was simple to perform and well tolerated by the dogs. Mean (sd) tmax was 2.67 hours (0.6) and mean t1/2 was 3.38 hours (0.79). Inter-individual variation in the rate of gastric emptying was 23.3 per cent for t1/2 and 22.5 per cent for tmax. No association was detected between the rate of gastric emptying and body surface area, mass, age, sex or test operator. The OABT may be a useful non-invasive and non-radioactive test for assessment of the rate of gastric emptying in dogs in clinical practice. 相似文献
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Hörz F Bastien R Borg J Bradley JP Bridges JC Brownlee DE Burchell MJ Chi M Cintala MJ Dai ZR Djouadi Z Dominguez G Economou TE Fairey SA Floss C Franchi IA Graham GA Green SF Heck P Hoppe P Huth J Ishii H Kearsley AT Kissel J Leitner J Leroux H Marhas K Messenger K Schwandt CS See TH Snead C Stadermann FJ Stephan T Stroud R Teslich N Trigo-Rodríguez JM Tuzzolino AJ Troadec D Tsou P Warren J Westphal A Wozniakiewicz P Wright I Zinner E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1716-1719
Particles emanating from comet 81P/Wild 2 collided with the Stardust spacecraft at 6.1 kilometers per second, producing hypervelocity impact features on the collector surfaces that were returned to Earth. The morphologies of these surprisingly diverse features were created by particles varying from dense mineral grains to loosely bound, polymineralic aggregates ranging from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size. The cumulative size distribution of Wild 2 dust is shallower than that of comet Halley, yet steeper than that of comet Grigg-Skjellerup. 相似文献
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Gillian J. McLellan Jeremy P. Kemmerling Julie A. Kiland 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(2):111-118
Objective To validate intraocular pressure (IOP) readings obtained in cats with the TonoVet® tonometer. Animals studied IOP readings obtained with the TonoVet® were compared to IOP readings determined by manometry and by the Tono‐Pen XL? in 1 normal cat and two glaucomatous cats. TonoVet® and Tono‐Pen XL? readings were also compared in a further six normal and nine glaucomatous cats. Procedures The anterior chambers of both eyes of three anesthetized cats were cannulated and IOP was varied manometrically, first increasing from 5 to 70 mmHg in 5 mmHg increments, then decreasing from 70 to 10 mmHg in 10 mmHg decrements. At each point, two observers obtained three readings each from both eyes, with both the TonoVet® and Tono‐Pen XL?. IOP was measured weekly for 8 weeks with both tonometers in six normal and nine glaucomatous unsedated cats. Data were analyzed by linear regression. Comparisons between tonometers and observers were made by paired student t‐test. Results The TonoVet® was significantly more accurate than the Tono‐Pen XL? (P = 0.001), correlating much more strongly with manometric IOP. In the clinical setting, the Tono‐Pen XL? underestimated IOP when compared with the TonoVet®. Conclusions Both the TonoVet® and Tono‐Pen XL? provide reproducible IOP measurements in cats; however, the TonoVet® provides readings much closer to the true IOP than the Tono‐Pen XL?. The TonoVet® is superior in accuracy to the Tono‐Pen XL? for the detection of ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma in cats in a clinical setting. 相似文献